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7 Cards in this Set

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Populations

Populations
Factors controlling population Growth
1. Describe the lag phase
2. Describe the exponential (log) phase
3. Describe the stationary phase
4. Describe the death phase
5. Factors that limit growth of population
1. A few minutes or several days, there is little cell growth/multiplication. This is a period of adaptation with intense metabolic activity and enzyme synthesis.
2. Numbers increase if their is no limiting factor. Cells begin to divide at a constant rate, population doubling per unit time. Exponential growth. This phase can not be maintained indefinitely.
3. In bacteria, replication rate = death rate. Birth rate = Death rate. Certain factors limit their growth, reaching its maximum carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is limit of numbers an individual can support.
4. Death rate is greater than birth rate, may occur when all nutrients have been used up.
5. Food, predation, paratism, disease, overcrowding, competition, toxic waste, weather.
Factors that regulate population increase
1. What are density dependent factors?
2. Examples of density dependent factors?
3. What are density independent factors?
4. Examples of density independent factors?
1. Factors that increases in effect as density of population increases. Carrying capacity is dependent on resources provided by environment.
2. Accumulation of toxic waste, disease, paratism, depletion of food supply.
3. Effects of these factor dont depend on the density, all plants and animals are affected regardless of size. Normally due to a sudden environmental change
4. Freezing, Flooding, Fire.
Competition
1. What do plants compete for?
2. What do animals compete for?
3. What is intraspecific competition
4. What is interspecific competition
1. Light, Space, Water and Nutrients.
2. Food, shelter, space, reproductive partners.
3. Competition between individuals of same species. Competition is density dependent. Since organisms produce more offspring that habitat can support, organisms best adapted have better chances of survival.
4. Competition between individuals of different species. All occupying different niches. Two species can not occupy the same niche.
Pest Control
1. What is the consequence of pests?
2. Types of pest control.
1. Pests attack plants and animals which cause a reduction in yield.
They feed on crops and animals, compete with crop organisms for resources, can directly cause disease in crop organisms, can make infections more likely, can spoil food.
2. Biological and Chemical
Chemical Control
1. Types of pesticides and how is it applied?
2. What is an ideal pesticide?
3. Advantages
4. Disadvantages
1. Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. It can be applied as smoke or powders, sprayed onto animals or plants or added to animal feed.
2. Specific, Non-Persistent and not accumulate.
3. Very Effective
Quick and Cheap
Small Scale or Big Scale
Does not require high level of skill
4. Not specific
Resistance build up
Contamination of food
Long term exposure harms humans.
Biological Control
1. How does biological control work?
2. Advantages
3. Disadvantages
1. Interspecific competition involving predator and prey, by the process of negative feedback.
2. High specific
Long-term if population equilibrium is established
Inexpensive in long term
No environmental contamination
Glasshouse situation
3. Biological control are slow to react
only a few successful examples
Requires high level of skill and research, expensive
Detailed knowledge required
Frequent input needed