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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Brezhnev at see as an opportunity to extend his power? |
Soviet leader Brezhnev saw the communist revolution in Afghanistan as an opportunity to extend his power into the oil rich Middle East. |
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How was the Kabul revolution significant to the Cold War? |
The Kabul Revolution of April 1978 witnessed the dramatic overthrow of the government. The new government, based in the Afghan capital of Kabul, was determined 'to build socialism in Afghanistan'. The new communist president, Mohammed Taraki, quickly became an ally of the USSR. |
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In what ways was the revolutionary government of Afghanistan far from stable? |
It suffered from personal rivalries and disagreements. Moreover, many Muslim leaders were cross with reforms the government introduced. |
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What did the instability of the revolutionary government of Afghanistan cause in the spring of 1979? |
By the spring of 1979 this anger had caused a civil war to break out across the country between government and Islamic fighters. |
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What did the civil war in Afghanistan result in? |
President Taraki was forced to accept Hafizullah Amin, the head of the army, as prime minister. But the two men became bitter rivals. In October 1979, Amin supporters assassinated Taraki and Amin claimed presidency of the country. |
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What did Brezhnev of order following Amins seizure of power? |
Brezhnev ordered the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. |
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For what reasons did Brezhnev order Soviet the invasion of Afghanistan? #1 |
Although Amin was a communist. the USSR did not trust him. The Soviet secret police reported that he was an American spy .He was also unpopular with a large number of Muslims in the country and Brezhnev feared that Muslim groups were planning to take control of the country. |
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For what reasons did Brezhnev to order so the invasion of Afghanistan? #2 |
The USSR was concerned that, as a result of the civil war, Afghanistan would become an Islamic state and influence nearby Soviet republics to do the same. The Islamic states were not communist and therefore any countries that became Islamic would have no reason to make alliances with Russia. |
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For what reasons did Brezhnev to order so the invasion of Afghanistan? #3 and #4 |
• Babrak Karmal an Afghani communist, argued that he had enough popular support to form a new government but needed Soviet help to defeat Amin's military • Brezhnev believed that America would tolerate the invasion, as it had done in Czechoslovakia following the 'Prague Spring' to avoid war. |
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What was the result of Brezhnev's invasion? |
Soviet troops killed Amin along with many of his supporters, and Karmal was declared president (a post he retained until 1986). Yet the invasion proved to be a disaster both for Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. It lasted ten years and around 1.5 million people died, including almost 15,000 Russian soldiers. |
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What caused the Carter Doctrine? |
Brezhnev's invasion was a severe miscalculation. The American president, Jimmy Carter, was appalled at the Soviet aggression. Consequently, he made a statement that became known as the Carter Doctrine. |
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Essentially what did the Carter doctrine state? |
Essentially, he argued that the USA would not allow the USSR to gain control of territory in the oil-rich Middle East. He also immediately took a number of steps to try to remove Soviet troops from Afghanistan. |
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What steps did Carter take after the Carter doctrine? |
1 He formed an alliance with China and Israel to support Afghan rebels, who were opposed to the Soviet invasion and the Afghan communist government. America's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) provided weapons and funds for the Mujahideen - an Islamic organisation which was fighting to free Afghanistan from Soviet control. 2 He imposed economic sanctions (restrictions), stopping virtually all trade with the Soviet Union. 3 He ended diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. |
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How did Carters actions end DETENTE? #1 SALT 2 |
Carter had signed the SALT 2 treaty in June 1979. However, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan the US Senate refused to ratify the treaty and therefore it never became law. |
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How did Carters actions end DETENTE? #2 APPROACH |
Increased defence spending. At the same time Carter increased US defence spending by 5 per cent. In addition Carter ordered the US military to come up with plans for surviving and winning a nuclear war with the Soviet Union. These measures indicated that he was taking a more hard-line approach to superpower relations. |
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How did Carters actions end DETENTE? #3 The Olympic Boycott. |
Additionally, Carter led a boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Around sixty countries, including China, Malawi, West Germany and Zaire, followed the American lead and refused to attend the games in protest at the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The American government set up an alternative Olympics, called the Olympic Boycott Games, which was held in Philadelphia. |
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How did the American press react to Brezhnev's actions? |
The American press ridiculed the official Olympic Games and nicknamed Misha Bear, Russia's Olympic mascot, Gulag Bear - a reference to Soviet prison camps, which were known as gulags. |
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How did the American press react to Brezhnev's actions? |
The American press ridiculed the official Olympic Games and nicknamed Misha Bear, Russia's Olympic mascot, Gulag Bear - a reference to Soviet prison camps, which were known as gulags. |
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How was the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic games also highly political? |
The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games was also highly political. In retaliation for the 1980 boycott, the USSR and 14 communist countries refused to attend the Los Angeles Olympic Games. The USSR organised the Friendship Games as a communist altemative. |
