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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Background info: Persian Gulf |
Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman Rich for its oil, had 1/2 of the world's known oil reserves. Important for countries to follow diplomatic and foreign policies to ensure steady supplies at steady prices. |
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How did Saddam Hussein rise to power? |
1) Family Connections - Uncle Khairallah Tulfah --> heavily influenced him to appreciate Arab Nationalism 2) Saddam was ruthless -> Assasinations 3) Saddam's political skills-> things he did during his escape + foreign issues 4) Iraq was violent and unstable. 4) Iraq was violent and unstable |
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Hashemite Monarchy |
Spelling Hashemite Monarchy: Ha-she-mite Monarchy 1932: Iraq was no longer administered by Britain, was a L.O.N. mandate. |
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How did family connections lead to Saddam Hussein's rise in power? How did Saddam Hussein's uncle Khairallah Tulfah influence Hussein? |
Spelling Khairallah Tulfah: K-hair-allah Tul-fah Saddam Hussein's uncle, foster father. 1949: 1. Started living in his household 2. Taught Saddam to appreciate Arab nationalism => hatred for the Hashemite monarchy 3. Helped Hussein receive primary education 1955: 1. Khairallah Tulfah enrolled Saddam Hussein to Karkh High School, and they moved to Baghdad. 2. Aim was to join the Baghdad Military Academy. 1957: 1. Hussein failed the entrance exam to Baghdad Military Academy. 2. Inspired by Khairallah Tulfah, he joined the Baath Party. |
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How did Saddam's ruthless character lead to Saddam Hussein rise in power? |
1. Inspired by Khairallah, Saddam joined the Baath Party in 1957; this got him involved in violent anti-govt activities, e.g. organising thugs to beat up political opponents on the street. 2. Oct 1958: Assassinated a local government official who informed against Khairallah, got him noticed in the Baath Party => ruthless operator and man of action 3. Oct 1959: Selected by the Baath Party to attempt to assassinate the ruler of Iraq; failed and was forced to go into exile |
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Baath Party |
Saddam joined the Baath Party in 1957. Involved in antigovernment activities; organised thugs to beat up political opponents on the street. 1958: Demonstrated his loyalty to the Baath Party by assassinating a local official who informed against Khairallah; was noticed in the Baath Party. |
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General Qassem Who was he? What happened after he died? + How did that influence Saddam? |
July 1958: General Qassem overthrew the Hashemite Monarchy. Saddam was selected by the Baath party to assent Qassem in Oct 1959. Failed.--> Saddam became one of Iraq's most wanted men. Saddam went into exile in Egypt, extending his education. Feb 1963: Qassem was overthrown and killed by Arif. Government was replaced by another government which consisted of army officers and the Baath Party. => Hussein held a minor position in this government. |
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Feb 1963: Qassem => Arif What did the new govt consist of? Who was the new prime minister? |
1) New government = Army officials + Baath Party 2) New PM = Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr =>a Baath moderate and followed by Saddam Spelling Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr: Ah-mad Ha-san al-Bakr 3) Arif: Once Saddam became a member of the Regional Command in Feb 1964, he immediately plotted a coup against General Arif on Sep 1964. He plans were revealed and was jailed. |
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How did Saddam's Political Skills lead to his rise in power? |
1) New Party created in Feb 1963 after the death of Qassem, had a minor position 2) The new prime minister, Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr was one of Tulfah's cousins. Saddam wasted no time to prove that he was indispensable. He then became a member of the Regional Command. As Bakr was promoted, so was Saddam. 3) Saddam then uses this chance to gain power by using violence. -> plotted a coup against Arif. 4) Escaped prison in July 1966 -> restructured the Baath Party; network of parties nation-wide + own military. Not powerful enough to take over Arif's military. 5) The July Revolution 1968: During the strengthening of the Baath Party, they made contact with a group of army officials who were sympathetic to them. In an emergency meeting of the Regional Command, Saddam was particularly persuasive in promoting this. Argued that the officers could be killed during or after the revolution. The coup was bloodless. Arif escaped to London, Bakr became president. Saddam's reward for this work: became the Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). |
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How did Iraq's violent and unstable situation lead to Saddam's rise to power? |
Hussein outwitted and eliminated those who might pose a threat to him, through the uncovering, or invention of plots and conspiracies. targetted civilian politicians and high-ranking military personnel. + appointed people who were friendly to the Revolutionary Command Council 1979: President Bakr was ageing and was "encouraged" to resign in favour of Saddam. |
