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15 Cards in this Set

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Lava

Magma, or molten rock from the earth's mantle, that breaks through the surface of the earth during volcanic activity.

Fold

A bend or buckle in the earth's crust.

Faults

A fracture, or break, in the earth's crust.

Plate Tectonics

The theory that the earth's outer shell is composed of a number of large, unanchored plates, or slabs of rock, whose constant movement explains earthquakes and volcanic activity.

Continental Drift Theory

The idea that continents slowly shift their positions due to movement of the tectonics plates on which they ride.

Ring of Fire

A ring of volcanic mountains surrounding the rim of the Pacific Ocean.

Weathering

The chemical or mechanical process by which rock is gradually broken down, eventually becoming soil.

Mechanical Weathering

The actual breaking up or physical weakening of rock by forces such as ice and roots.

Chemical Weathering

The process by which the actual chemical structure of rock is changed, usually when water and carbon dioxide cause a breakdown of the rock.


Acid Rain

Rain whose concentration of chemicals, usually from industrial pollution, that pollutes water, kills plant and animal life, and eats away at the surface of stone and rock; a form of chemical weathering.

Erosion

The movement of weathered materials, including gravel, soil, and sand, usually caused by water, wind, and glaciers.

Sediment

Small particles of soil, sand, and gravel carried and deposited by water.

Loess

Fine-grained, mineral-rich loam, dust, or silt deposited by the wind.

Glaciers

A huge, slow-moving mass of snow and ice, formed over many years from layers of unmelted snow pressing together, thawing slightly, and refreezing.

Moraines

A ridge-like mass of rock, gravel, sand, and clay carried and deposited by a glacier