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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which AB is the original penicillin and is used for Strep. pneumoniae? |
Penicillin G |
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Which AB is the oral form of penicillin, acid stable, and used for Streptococcal pharyngitis? |
penicillin V |
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Which AB has a broader spectrum then penicillin G, hitting more Gm- organisms, and can kill E. coli and other enterics? |
aminopenicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin) |
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Which ABs are penicillinase-resistant? |
methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin |
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Which AB is the drug of choice for serious S. aureus infections, such as cellulitis, endocarditis, and sepsis? |
nafcillin |
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Which Abs are oral beta-lactamase resistant drugs that are not good against Gm- bacteria? |
cloxacillin and dicloxacillin |
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Which ABs are carboxypenicillins and are anti-pseudomonas? |
ticarcillin and carbenicillin |
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Which ABs are ureidopenicillins and anti-pseudomonas? |
piperacillin and mezlocillin |
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What are the beta-lactamase inhibitors? |
clavulonic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam |
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Which generation of cephalosporins are most active against Gm+ and S. pneumoniae? |
First gen |
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Which are the 1st generation cephalosporins? |
cephalothin, cephapirin, cephradine, cephalexin, cefazolin, cefadroxil |
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Which generation of cephalosporins has medium action against Gm+ and Gm-? |
2nd gen |
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Which generation of cephalosporins is most active against Gm- and S. pneumoniae? |
third gen |
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What are the 2nd gen cephalosporins? |
cefamandole, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole, cefonicid, cefprozil, loracarbef |
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What are the 3rd gen cephalosporins? |
ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftzoxime, ceftibuten, cefixime, cefoperazone, cefpodoxin, cefetamet |
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What is the 4th gencephalosporin? |
cefepime |
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What are 1st gencephalosporins used for? |
as an alternative to penicillin for staph and strep; prophylactics before surgery |
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What are 2nd gencephalosporins used for? |
community-acquired pneumonia (cefuroxime) Gm- infections anaerobic infections (cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefmetazole) |
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What are 3rd gencephalosporins used for? |
multi-drug resistant aerobic Gm- hospital-acquired organisms |
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Which ABs are the oncly cephalosporins affective against P. aeruginosa? |
ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefepime |
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Whichcephalosporin has the best CSF coverage? |
ceftriaxone |
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Which cephalosporin is used for CA-pneumonia |
cefuroxime |
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Whichcephalosporins are used for anaerobic infections? |
cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefmetazole |
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Which AB kills Gm-, Gm+, anaerobes, but has resistance among MRSA, some pseudomonas, and mycoplasmas? |
Imipenem |
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Which AB must be used in concert w/ cilastin, a dihydropeptidase inhibitor, and lowers the seizure threshold? |
Imipenem |
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Which AB is as powerful as imipenem but is stable against dihydropeptidase and has a reduced potential for causing seizures? |
Meropenem |
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Which AB is used only for Gm- aerobic organisms, often in combination w/ vancomycin or clindamycin, and does not cross react w/ penicillin? |
Aztreonam |
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Which ABs inhibit the 50s subunit? |
chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolid, erythromycin |
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Which ABs inhibit the 30s subunit? |
tetracyline, aminoglycosides |
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Which is the only AB that inhibits the ribosome that cannot be absorbed orally? |
aminoglycoside |
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Which AB kills most clinically important bacteria (Gm+, Gm-, anaerobes, Bacteroides fragilis), but has rare but severe side affects? |
Chloramphenicol |
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Which AB is used to treat bacterial meningitis when the organism is not yet known and the pt has severe allergies to penicillins? |
Chloramphenicol |
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Which AB is used to treat young children and pregnant women who have Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (in place of tetracycline)? |
Chloramphenicol |
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Which AB can cause aplastic anemia and Grey baby syndrome? |
Chloramphenicol |
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Which AB inhibits many Gm+ and anaerobes and is used w/ aminoglycoside for penetrating wound infections of the abdomen and infections of the female genital tract? |
Clindamycin |
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Which AB is a common cause of pseudomembrane colitis (by allowing C. diff to proliferate)? |
Clindamycin |
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Which AB is used for resistant Gm+ organisms and causes headaches and GI upset? |
Linezolid |
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Which AB is active against Gm+ but is inactive against most Gm- other than Legionella and Chlamydia? |
Erythromycin |
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Which AB is the drug of choice for community-acquired pneumonia and Legionnaire's and is used as an alt. to penicillin for strep and staph in penicillin allergic pts? |
Erythromycin |
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Which AB is one of the safest ABs, causing occasional GI irritation and rare cholestatic hepatitis? |
Erythromycin |
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Which AB chelates w/ cations in milk and milk products and will pass through the intestine w/out being absorbed? |
Tetracycline |
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Which ABs are used to treat venereal diseases (caused by Chlamydia), walking pneumonia, Brucella, rickettsia, and acne? |
Tetracycline/Doxycycline |
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Which AB causes GI irritation, phototoxic dermatitis, renal and hepatic toxicity, discolored teeth, and depressed bone growth? |
Tetracycline/Doxycycline
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Which AB is used to treat Chlamydia? |
Doxycycline |
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Which AB is often given w/ penicillins to facilitate diffusion? |
Aminoglycosides |
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Which AB kills Gm- aerobic enterics and P. aeruginosa? |
Aminoglycosides |
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Which AB is the oldest Aminoglycoside, and thus many bugs are resistant? |
Streptomycin |
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Which AB is the most commonly usedAminoglycoside, used for in-hospital infections? |
Gentamicin |
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Which AB is an Aminoglycoside that's good against P. aeruginosa? |
Tobramycin |
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Which AB is anAminoglycoside with the broadest spectrum and is good for nosocomial infections? |
Amikacin |
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Which AB is anAminoglycoside with broad coverage, but its toxicity means it can only be used topically? |
Neomycin |
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Which AB is anAminoglycoside that is used for preoperative coverage before GI surgery? |
Netilmicin |
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Which ABs cause CN VIII toxicity, renal toxicity, and rarely neuroblockade? |
Aminoglycosides |
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Which AB is an alt. to treat gonorrhea? |
Spectinomycin |
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With which ABs do you treat active TB infections? |
Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide---can cause liver toxicity |
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With which AB do you treat latent TB infections? |
Isoniazid |
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Which AB causes red/orange urine, sweat, and/or tears? |
Rifampin |
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Which ABs are used to treat leprosy? |
dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine |
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Which group of ABs act by inhibiting DNA gyrase, resulting in the breakage of the bacterial DNA structure? |
Fluoroquinolones |
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Which AB causes photosensitivity in up to 8% of pts and can prolong the Q-T interval on the EKG, which can predispose a patient to the arrhythmia Torsades de pointer? |
Sparfloxacin |
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Which AB treats all Gm+ bugs? |
Vancomycin |
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Which AB causes red man syndrome w/ its rapid infusion? |
Vancomycin |
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Which ABs act synergistically to kill many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting TH4 production but at different steps? |
trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) |
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Which ABs cause adverse affects in patients w/ AIDs including skin rashes and bone marrow suppression? |
trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) |
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Which ABs have no anaerobic coverage, but have a wide gram-negative and gram-positive coverage (and even cover some Protozoans)? |
trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) |
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Which AB is given prophylactically before bowel surgery? |
sulfathalidine |
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Which ABs should not be used in the last month of pregnancy or during breast feeding because they cause Kernicterus? |
Sulfonamides |
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Which ABs displace warfarin and thus increase bleeding time? |
Sulfonamides |
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With which AB should milk and milk products be avoided? |
Ciprofloxacin |
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With which AB, sometimes used to treat Malaria, should a pt remain upright for 30 min after taking to avoid complications w/ the esophagus, such as ulceration? |
Doxycycline |
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Which AB is used to treat cholera? |
Doxycyline |
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Which AB is used to treat Shigella outbreaks, even in preschool-aged children? |
Azithromycin |
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Which AB is bacteriocidal, except for enterococci, for which it is only bacteriostatic? |
Vancomycin |
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Which AB is effective against most staphylococci (including MRSA), is used synergistically w/ aminoglycosides, and has good activity against clostridia, anaerobic strep, Listeria, pneumococci, Gp A strep, and Corynebacteria? |
Vancomycin |
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Which AB is poorly distributed into bile, eyes, and normal meninges, has 7-21% entry in inflamed meninges, and 20-30% entry into bone? |
Vancomycin |
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Which AB can cause reversible neutropenia, renal insufficiency, and irreversible hearing loss? |
Vancomycin |
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Which AB is used for treatment or prophylaxis for Gm+ in pts allergic to B-lactams, Gm+ resistant to B-lactams, Corynebacterium JK, and severe Clostridium difficile colitis? |
Vancomycin |
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Which drug is a synthetic derivative of vancomycin, inhibits cell-wall synthesis, and depolarizes cell membranes? |
Telavancin |
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Which AB has good penetration into alveolar lining fluid and macrophages, is excreted via kidneys, only needs to be administered once daily, and does not require measurement of levels? |
Telavancin |
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Which AB can cause altered taste, nausea, vomiting, foamy urine, pruritis, and elevated serum creatinine? |
Telavancin |
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Which AB is used for skin and soft tissue infections, but should be avoided w/ pregnancy and in infants? |
Telavancin |
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Which AB is a 2nd gen lipoglycopeptide and has a long half life that allows for once weekly dosing? |
Dalbavancin |
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Which AB is a 2nd gen lipoglycopeptide and has a long half life that allows for single dose therapy? |
Oritavacin |
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Which AB causes peripheral IV pain, phlebitis, arthralgias, myalgias, and inhibits CYP 4503A4? |
Quinupristin/dalfopristin |
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Which AB inhibits protein synthesis by preventing formation of the 70S initiation complex, and therefore has no cross resistance w/ other ABs that inhibit protein synthesis? |
Oxazolidinones (Linezolid, Tedizolid) |
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Which AB has 80-100% bioavailability after oral dose, and is given every 12-24 hours? |
Oxazolidinones (Linezolid, Tedizolid) |
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Which AB can cause bone marrow toxicity w/ prolonged use and CNS toxicity w/ psych meds? |
Oxazolidinones (Linezolid, Tedizolid) |
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Which AB is reserved for VRE, some MRSA infections, and is used for some rapid-growing non-TB mycobacterial infections? |
Oxazolidinones (Linezolid, Tedizolid) |
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Which AB has Ca-dependent binding to bacterial plasma membranes, causing membrane depolarization and cell death, and inhibits cell wall synthesis? |
Daptomycin |
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Which AB is effective against MMSA, MRSA, VISA, VRSA, VRE, and Pen-R? |
Daptomycin |
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Which AB can cause increased CPK and muscle discomfort and acute eosinophilic pneumonia? |
Daptomycin |
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Which AB is the 5th generation cephalosporin? |
Ceftaroline |
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Which AB inhibits cell wall synthesis and can bind to PBP-2a (MRSA strains) and PBP-2x (Pcn-R S. pneumo)? |
Ceftaroline |
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Which AV is used to treat influenza, as well as for prophylaxis? |
Oseltamivir |
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Which AV is used to treat polyoma and papilloma viruses? |
Cidofovir |
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Which AV is used to treat chronic HBV? |
lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, of famiciclovir |