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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's in a name? |
-William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet- tis but thy name that is my enemy. Thou art thyself, not a Montague - people are judged based on their names- tragedy comes from names/ labels |
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Defining race "RACE" |
- historically used as a biological and somatic term to designate visible differences (or perceived differences) - eg. skin tones, size, or nose, position of eyes -general belief that people were different from each other based on skin "bc you look different from me you MUST be different from me" |
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Belief in Polygenism over monogenism POLYGENISM |
- assumption that there are different groups of people- historically that have passed down their differences over time. - idea that people come from different groups |
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Monogenism |
- idea that we all come from the same group not different groups |
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Phenotypic characteristics |
- even though you all have brown skin, can come from different regions, areas, beliefs, traditions, politics, enviro - just because they look the same doesn't mean they agree or even talk to each other -RACE is a crude way to categorize people, very surface level |
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The Social Construction of Race |
- NO biological evidence to support the differences, WE have decided to continue these constructs - more likely to find biological differences WITHIN groups than ACROSS groups - no evidence to support race being used as genetic categories - sociologists argue race is socially constructed- we attache meaning and CREATE groups |
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CONT'd |
- Genetically, we have disproven polygenism yet we continue to categorize it - polygenism is not true- we have more variation within than across racial groups |
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WHY do we socially construct race? |
- intentionally do it - diffusion of responsibility - way of connecting to ancestral groups - power control: way of majority groups keeping control over the "minority" groups |
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Ethnicity |
- NOT focused on phenotypic characteristics - ethnicity is concerned with groups that share boundaries and characteristics such as: LANGUAGE, CULTURE, TRADITIONS, FOLKLORE/ RELIGION |
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Eth |
- SOMETIMES ethnic groups may include phenotypic characteristics but it is NOT the focus - "we all practice this faith and this language" |
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Nationalities and National Identities |
-some boundaries contain MULTIPLE ethnicities but share a common national identity - Nationality can be based on territory/ citizenship - however each country may have more than one nation (difference between nation and nation state) |
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Cont'd |
- CANADIAN- is a nationality. Canada is a multi ethnic nation state nationality- bound by territory, political governance, passport, within CAN we have many ethnicities (british, indigenous, French) monoethnic nationality: prohibit immigration and no ethnicities |
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Race or Ethnicity or Nationality? |
"African American"- assumes identifying with 2 nationalities.... Africa is a continent -we tend to go back to race because nationalities get confusing -race" biologically no meaning but socially targeting them |
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Article Maulucci and Mensah |
- Naming and renaming: who tells you that your name is "wrong" or that your label is "wrong" - Choosing NOT to name : the power in "silencing" - the evolution of names- how names change over time, political, sovereignty - power in being named, powerless in not being names -if I don't name YOU, then you are stripped of identity and able to be molded and shaped however someone else pleases |
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Naming and Power - Naming and Colonization |
First nations vs. Native Canadian vs. Native Indian - Colonization of Canada- was the reference point, naming groups based in reference to colonization - first nations: nations existing prior to canada names tell us who has the power and how they exercise that power |
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- Naming and the 'normal' |
-Edward Said: Orientalism and the "Other" - evaluated others by comparing to others - ETHNOCENTRISM: the evaluation of other cultures with criteria from our own culture - who is the civilized and who is the 'savage' or the 'primitive' (sets power imbalance) |
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Michael Yellowbird Article |
- "what we want to be called" (optional reading) - the study asked indigenous faculty members in the US and Canada what they wanted to be "called" - most wanted to be known by their tribal name - but some of the elders preferred "native American" or "American indian" |
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Yellowbird article cont'd |
younger members- want to be known as tribal name older members- prefer native american - maybe elders have bad associations with the tribal name so prefer NA - if it's about how you self identify then it doesn't matter that others call themselves differently - policy issues when accessing resources if you can't PROVE you belong to a certain group |
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Political Correctness and Naming |
PC- talking about things w.o offending others not wanting to sound racist or sexist - maybe pC is in over drive- we are over thinking things - we keep changing words and names to make it politically correct- BUT we are not doing anything to change the underlying problem of inequalities and inequities. So what's the point in being politically correct if you're not doing anything to help those groups |
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Ben ONeill Euphemism Treadmill |
- "I used to think i was poor, they told me i wasn't poor i was needy, they told me it was self defeating to think of myself as needy ,so they called it deprived." - the growing vagueness in the message of the words and labels |
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Take away message: |
- no set of "right" answers because names change over time and across contexts - BUT we need to be aware and reflexive pay attention to the name you use and your intent in using this name |
