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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First Wave of Feminism |
1840s - 1920s -right to vote -property rights -rights to children -celebrate motherhood as valuable work -access to education |
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Second Wave of Feminism |
1950s - 1970s -access to birth control -marital rape exists (recognized) -part of the workplace/workforce -fair pay -rise of LGBTQ movement -stronger critique of women of color "Sisterhood is Powerful" "The Personal is Political" |
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Third Wave of Feminism |
1990s - ? -growth of multicultural + global forms of feminism -anti-racist -criticism of 2nd wave white feminists -LGBTQ movements -sex-positive *waves no longer a useful framework-work is continuous. |
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Heteropatriarchy |
-normalizes heterosexuality -normalizes the dominance of one person and the subordination of another -patriarch @ the "head" of the family + by extension, society -ensures male right of access to women -women relations -personal, professional, social, econ-defined by the ideology that a woman is for a man -de-skilling women in any # of forms, from outright attack to paternalistic care |
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A Place of Rage (main points) |
-channeling rage -collaborating w/ other activists =intersectional -civil rights movement largely pushed by women, but their contributions have been erased *Frannie Lou Hammer - SNCC voting organizer *Septima Clark - literacy + citizenship schools -conflicts within Black nationalism -women as "birthers of the nation" -liberation (of men) comes first -homophobia *connections to today: police brutality, disproportionate incarceration of POC |
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Colonialism: The Americas as Female |
-european/american masculinity had to conquer unknown "wilderness" -conquering dark + mysterious wilderness was both feared + romanticized -visually depicted as "woman" -land had to be emptied of natives -woman as land |
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Colonialism |
political, social, and cultural domination of a territory + its people by a foreign power for an extended time |
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imperialism |
the forceful extension of a nation's authority by territorial conquest or by establishing econ + political domination of other nations that are not its colonies |
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ideology |
set of ideas or beliefs |
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discourse |
a set of statements providing a common language for representing knowledge about a given theme; a system of meaning embedded in language |
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binary oppositions |
a cultural logic that constructs meaning thru categories that are opposite and hierarchical.
ex: culture/nature, male/female, us/them |
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the Other |
the symbolic opposite/binary opposite to the "normative" category ex: the slave to the master, the fanatic to the moderate, the civilized to the savage |
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enlightenment shift |
early conquest was motivated by religion, but by the late 17th century, it was also motivated by science. shift from religion as "truth" to science + reason later- connected to Darwinism and 19th century eugenics -imposed by Euro/Am federal authorities in the USA in the 18th century -biological inheritance transmitted thru blood (you are born w/ characteristics attributed to ur race) |
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orientalism |
-european representations of the East -lens or POV that distorts the peoples, cultures, and lived realities -europe's "other" - helped define Europe (the West) as a contrasting image, idea, personality, experience -not just an idea, but has an accompanying reality; a mode of discourse w/ supporting institutions, vocab, scholarship, imagery, doctrines, etc. |
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imperialism and anthropology |
-imperial projects were about collecting knowledge about the culture of "others" as well as extracting raw materials + resources from colonies -the "Other" classified like fauna -relationship to scientific/biological racism -hierarchy of humanity -justify colonialism |
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Anachronistic |
colonized ppl, like women + the working class in the metropolis, do not inhabit history proper, but exist permanently in anterior time within a geographic space of the modern empire as achronistic humans, bereft of human agency |
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Intersectionality |
Kimberle Crenshaw (1989) a critical race theorist -feminist praxis (theory + practice) -a way of studying relationships among multiple dimensions _ modes of social relationships + subject formations -systems of power + oppression are interrelated + identities are multiply constructed -oppressions do not act independently -forms of oppression interrelate + overlap Heterosexism Sexism Ableism Classism Racism Colonialism |
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Roe v. Wade |
2nd wave feminism struggle for women to have their legal "right to choose" their own path to reproductive freedom (access to abortion, contraception, info about sexual health) *choice can sometimes ignore uneven access to "rights" |
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Compulsory Sterilization |
-the founder of planned parenthood aimed for a eugenics project, keeping "unfit mothers" from having children (aka WOC) -sterilization continues among indigenous populations across the americas + asia -"softer" mechanisms - misinformation about the benefits of sterilization + risks of childbirth -forced sterilization = Neocolonialism -common among prison populations today |
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Matrix of Domination |
Patricia Hill Collins -differences among ppl serve as oppressive measures toward women and ultimately change the experiences of living as women in society -"intersecting oppression": all diff oppressions are linked + build off each other -shape life in specific communities + historical moments -ea system needs the others to function >> theoretical stance that stimulates the rethinking of basic social science concepts -placing Af Am women in the center |
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Black Feminist Thought |
Kimberle Crenshaw Combahee River Collective bell hooks Audre Lorde Patricia Hill Collins instead of starting w/ gender, then adding other variables, all identities are interrelated (part of 1 structure of domination) |
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Third World Women |
=ignorant, poor, uneducated, tradition-bound, domestic, family-oriented, victimized created as the imagined opposite of the white, middle-class, secular, liberated woman assumes a stable category of analysis around "woman" that is a historical universal + unifying based on a generalized notion of subordination prevents intersectional analysis that moves thru ethnicity, gender, nation + class, etc. (locks non-Western women in a prescribed role) separation of gender does not mean "lesser than" "beyond sisterhood there is still racism, colonialism + imperialism" |
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Post-colonial feminism |
late 1980s - early 2000s critique of homogenizing tendencies of western feminism scrutiny of the colonial relationship (not the idea of "post" as after colonialism) explores in diff contexts women's lives, work, identity, sexuality, Rights under colonialism + neocolonialism w/ gender, nation, class, race + sexualities rejects "universal womanhood" calls for understanding of historical, cultural, social differences calls on western women to observe + combat racism even on the most intimate of levels |
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Transnational feminism |
1970s - present theory + commitment to practice that recognizes differences + borders while building solidarity + transcending them de-centering hegemonic western discourse (including feminism) call to combine activism + scholarship speaks against the monolith of "third world woman" relationships that transcend + traverse borders + nation-states |
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Sovereignty |
supreme power/authority. (sovereign - king - absolute power - not accountable to law) -sovereign states: "nation" of citizens that govern itself -political designation that distinguishes Natives from other "minority" groups focused on civil rights + citizenship within a nation-state -"nested sovereignty" = US federal gov takes away Native sovereignty -if a tribe is "recognized" in the US and Canada, they are considered "sovereign" nations -nation to nation relationship - not a racial discrimination |
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Soul Wound |
interconnections that exist between the mind, body + spirit as well as connections w/ the larger cultural community + environment
-trauma from the wound is intergenerational *sovereignty of the soul - rape can be employed as a metaphor for the entire concept of colonialism. the damage to self + spirit that rapists cause has some of the same features that colonial governments perpetuate against entire nations" -rape of Native women is an assault on the sovereignty of not only the survivor, but on the tribal nation (esp. if the perpetrator is non-Native) |
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Settler-colonialism |
structure that secures + maintains territories for settlers thru the elimination of Natives + the production of a settler labor force -settler presence on the land is normalized thru removal of Natives from the land + a devaluation of Native peoples + cultures in a myriad of ways -Natives often murdered, removed from their lands, not "authentic" enough. forced to assimilate. settler-colonialism operates not only in political structures, but also in social spaces, among individuals |
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VAWA |
Violence Against Women Act (1994) led by Joe Biden as senator for Delaware -funding toward investigation + prosecution of violent crimes against women -imposes automatic + mandatory restitution (covering any costs related to crime) -civil redress for cases that are not pursued by prosecutors -result of grassroots activism -includes domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking -supports funding + training on issues - for teens, victims, social services, law enforcement -reauthorized in 2000, 2005, and 2013 (w/ tribal provisions) |
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VAWA in Native Communities |
-tribes criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians limited to: domestic violence, dating violence, criminal violations of protection orders (stalking) NOT COVERED: -crimes committed outside of Indian country -crimes btwn 2 non-Indians -crimes btwn 2 strangers, incl. sexual assaults -crimes committed by a person who lacks sufficient ties to the tribe, such as living or working on its reservations -child/elder abuse that does not involve violation of a protection order VAWA must expand jurisdiction over rape, child sexual abuse, sex crimes, homicide + other crimes against women |
