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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
The adenohypophysis is what?
The neurohyphoytsis is what? |
adeno=anterior pituitary
neuro=posterior pituitary |
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Anterior pituitary embryological origin?
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Rathke's pouch
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6 anterior pituitary peptide hormones?
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GH
LH, FSH TSH ACTH Prolactin |
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2 posterior pituitary hormones?
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ADH, Oxytocin
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somatotropes secrete?
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GH
40% of ant pit tissue |
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corticotropes secrete?
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ACTH
20% of ant pit tissue |
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thyrotropes secrete?
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TSH
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gonadotropes secrete
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gonaotrophic hormones which are
Leutinizing hormone and FSH |
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lactotrophes secrete
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prolactin
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acidophils?
acidophilic tumor? |
somatotrophes
lots of GH secreted |
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magnocellular neurons are where?
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paraventricular and supraoptic regions of hypothalamus
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What controls the release of hormones from the post pit?
FROM THE ANT PIT? |
ant -nerves and hormones
post-just nerves |
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the hypophoseal portal system is the delivery system to what part of the pituitary?
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anterior
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GHrH and GHiH are from where?
GHiH aka? |
hypothalamus
somatastatin |
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PIH from where? Function?
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hypothalamus, PIH inhibits the release of prolactin from the ant. pit.
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somatotropes secrete GH (aka somatotropin) which does what? 4
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stimulates:
body growth secretion of IGF-1 lypolosis inhibits the action of insulin on carbohydrate and fat metabolism |
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corticotropes secrete ACTH (aka cortotropin) which does what? 2
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-stimulates production of glucocorticoids and androgens by the adrenal cortex.
-maintains the size of zona reticularis and fasciulata of the adrenal cortex. |
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thyrotropes secrete TSH (aka thyrotropin) which does what? 2
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stimulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3/T4) by thyroid follices.
-it maintains the size of the cells (deficiency of iodine=increase in cell size) |
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gonadotropes secrete FSH and LH which do what?
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FSH-stimultates the production of ovarian follices and regulates spermatogenesis in the testes
LD-causes ovulation and formation of the corpus leuteum as well as production of progesterone and estrogen in the ovaries, testosterone in the testes. |
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Lactotropes and mamotropes secrete prolactin which does what?
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stimulates milk secretion and production
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Which hypothalmic releasing factors are inhibitory?
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PIH and GHiH (somatastatin)
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Which 2 hormones have an effect on most all tissues of the body?
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GH and thyroid hormone
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somatotropic hormone (GH) metabolic effects? 5
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-increased rate of protien synthesis in the cells (enhances protien depositionGH
-increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue -increased serum Free FA's and usage -a decreased utilization of glucose thoughout the body GH ENHANCES PROTIEN/FAT USE AND CONSERVES CARBOHYDRATES |
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GH enhances? 6
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-protien deposition
-AA transport through cell membranes -RNA translation -increased nuclear transcription-forms RNA -decreased protien catabolism FA's to Acetyl Coa-energyGH |
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GH promotes the use of ________ for energy?
This can lead to __________ |
fats and protiens
ketogenesis, fatty liver |
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GH's effect's on serum glucose and insulin?
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both increased
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type 2 diabetics are _________ by insulin.
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not as affected, they have a sor of insulin resistance.
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For GH to be effective you nust have ? (2)
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insulin and carbohydrates
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GH affects what part of bone growth?
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the long bone. increases osteoblasts.
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GH, what lack of mediators cause dwarfs/pygmies?
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IGF-I (somatomedin C)
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GH secretion increased by? 5
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starvation
hypoglycemia low FA's excitement trauma |
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protien deficiency in children?
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kwashiokor
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k
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GH pathway?
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GHRH-adenyl cyclase-cAMP-Ca= channels-GH release
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The major controlling factor of GH release is?
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the overall state of the nutrition of the tissues, especially protien nutrition.
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a decrease in secretion of all of the anterior pituitary hormones is called?
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panhypophopituitaryism
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a generalized decrease of all of the anterior pituitary hormones in childhood leads to?
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dwarfism-all parts are in propotion, but the overall rate of growth is decreased.
panhypophopituitary dwarfism-no puberty (30%) african pygmy/leon lehi-not enough igf-i/somatomedian c |
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acidophilic cells of the anterior pituitary become excessively active-dz's?
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gigantism-before plates fuse
acromegaly-after plates fuse, only the membranoeous bone and tissues continues to grow.(kyphosis, organomegaly) |
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supraoptic hormone?
controlled by? |
ADH (vasoprossin)
-osmoreceptors (regulated by the osmosis) dilute-inhibition concentrated-stimulation |
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paraventricular hormone?
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oxytocin
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ADH/oxytocin similarities/differences?
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polypeptides with 9 AA's
changes is postition 3/8 |
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No ADH has what effect?
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we lose salt and water
hyperkalemia volume loss/shock dilute urine |
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oxytyocin effects?
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-contraction of the pregnant uterus
-milk ejection (letdown) |
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Other affectors of ADH? 2
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atrial stretch receptors (inhibit)
carotid/aortic receptors (stimulate) |
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