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324 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-stenosis
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tightening; stricture
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atelecstasis
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a/tel/ecstasis
tel/o = complete "without complete widening" incomplete expansion of a lung |
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empyema
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em/py/ema
"condition of pus in" condition of pus in pleural cavity = pyothorax |
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sucking pneumothorax
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projectile through the thoracic cavity
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mediastinal shift
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center of the chest will shift over, and kink the aorta
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epiglottis
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Lid-like piece cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.
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stridor
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Strained, high-pitched, relatively loud sound made on inspiration when larynx or trachea is obstructed.
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croup
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Acute viral infection in infants and children; characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor.
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis
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emphysema
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Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
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alveolus
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Air sac in the lung.
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adenoids
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Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils
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bronchioecstasis
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"widening of the bronchial tube"
Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung. |
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crackle (rale)
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Fine crackling sound heard on auscultation (during inspiration) when there is fluid in alveoli.
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rhoncus
(pl. rhonchi) |
Loud rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
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wheeze
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Continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration.
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epistaxis
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Nosebleed
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expectoration
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Coughing up of mucus or sputum from the throat and respiratory tract.
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atelecstasis
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a/tel/ecstasis
tel/o = complete "without complete widening" Collapsed lung. |
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cystic fibrosis
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Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick, mucous secretions that do not drain normally.
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pneumoconiosis
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pneumo/coni/osis
coni/o = dust "abnormal condition of dust in lung" |
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anthracosis
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breathing in coal dust
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asbestosis
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breathing in asbestos particles
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silicosis
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breathing in silica or glass
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bituminosis
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breathing in dust from soft coal - sulfur rich so sulfuric acid in the lungs
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bysinnosis
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breathing in textile fibers
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mesothelioma
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Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura; associated with asbestos exposure.
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orth/o
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straight; upright
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orthopnea
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ortho/pnea
"upright breathing" Breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position. |
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phren/o
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means mind and diaphragm
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phrenic nerve
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nerve that innervates your diaphragm
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schizophrenia
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"split mind"
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pleural effusion
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).
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pneumonia
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Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fills with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.
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pulmonary abscess
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A large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
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pulmonary edema
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Swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.
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pulmonary embolism
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Clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung.
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pulmonary fibrosis
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Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.
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sarcoidosis
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Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
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tuberculosis (TB)
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Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in body may be affected.
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pneumothorax
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Collection of air in the pleural space.
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cor pulmonale
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Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease.
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paroxysmal
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Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure; oxysm/o means sudden.
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oxysm/o
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sudden
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expectoration
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to propel out of the chest
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spir/o
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to breathe; hope
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aspiration
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refers to breathing in fluids and foods - wrong tube – will cause pneumonia
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spirometer
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device/instrument measure lung volumes
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diphtheria
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Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium.
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pertussis
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Highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis. Also known as whooping cough.
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V/Q Scan
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ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon). Used to detect how severe pulmonary embolism is. |
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endotracheal intubation
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Tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway.
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CPAP
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continous positive airway pressure
used for people with sleep apnea |
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basophil
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bas/o = base
"attraction to a base" White blood cell containing dark granules that stain with a basic dye. |
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eosinophil
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eosin/o = red, dawn, rosy
"attraction to red" White blood cell whose granules stain intensely with an acidic eosin (reddish) dye; elevated in allergic reactions. |
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crit
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to separate
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anisocytosis
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an/iso/cyt/osis
"abnormal condition of unequal cells" Inequality in the size of red blood cells. |
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myeloblast
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myel/o = bone marrow
blast = immature cell immature cell of bone marrow |
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-genous
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pertaining to or produced in
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poikilocytosis
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poikil/o = varied, irregular
condition of varied cells |
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sideropenia
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sider/o = iron
deficiency of iron |
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-cytosis
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abnormal condition of cells
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spherocytosis
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spher/o = globe, round
condition of cells that are round |
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-apheresis
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removal, a carrying away
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leukemia
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Increase in cancerous white blood cells.
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sider/o
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iron
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macrophage
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A large phagocyte that destroys worn-out red blood cells and foreign material.
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sickle cell anemia
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A hereditary condition
- abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis |
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anemia
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Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
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aplastic anemia
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Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia (absence of development, formation) of bone marrow cells.
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pancytopenia
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"deficiency of all cells"
Stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. |
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hemolytic anemia
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"without blood condition, breakdown of blood"
Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction. |
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pernicious anemia
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Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body.
Pernicious = ruinous or hurtful. |
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thalassemia
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- inherited defect
- inability to produce hemoglobin - usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background |
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hemochromatosis
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Excess iron deposits throughout the body.
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polycythemia vera
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General increase in red blood cells (erythremia).
Blood consistency is viscous (thick) because of the greatly increased numbers of erythrocytes. |
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hemophilia
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Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of one of the protein substances (either factor VIII or factor IX) necessary for blood clotting.
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purpura
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Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.
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leukemia
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Increase in cancerous white blood cells.
Malignant leukocytes fill the marrow and blood stream. |
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granulocytosis
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"abnormal condition of cell granules"
Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood. |
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spherocytosis
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genetic disorder
- blood cells are spherical instead of biconcaval discs – remove the spleen and problem goes away |
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hematocrit (Hct)
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Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.
separation of blood |
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exsanguination
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to bleed out
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multiple myeloma
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Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.
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apheresis
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Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part from the blood.
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Von Willebrandt’s disease
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– caused by dominant gene (males and females develop this)
- female will have prolonged bleeding (usually found out first menses) |
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petechiae
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"little fleas bites"
tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages |
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ecchymoses
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larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
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autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
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Condition in which a patient makes an antibody that destroys platelets.
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mononucleosis
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An infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
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Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
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Seen most often in children and adolescents.
Immature lmphocytes predominate. |
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Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
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Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate
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Chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)
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Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in bone marrow.
Common in adults older than 55 years old. |
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.
Most common form leukemia. Usually occurs with elderly & slow and progressive. |
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reticulocyte
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immature red blood cells
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neutrophils
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-contain granules that are neutral
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basophils
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contain dark-staining granules that stain with a basic dye.
they contains: heparin -anticlotting histamine - allergic response |
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eosinophils
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contain granules that stain with eosin, a red acidic dye.
-increase allergic responses and engulf substances that trigger the allergies |
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lymphocyte
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Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies.
t lymphocytes – undergo maturation in the thymus; cell mediated immunity b lymphocytes – involved in bacteria immunity disease – listen again to this last section lymphocytes |
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate –
Measures rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of test tuber. |
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ANA
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antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
- help screen for autoimmune disorders - most often used as one of the tests to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). |
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coagulation time
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amt of time it takes blood coagulate in a test tube (15 min or so); different disease will increase or decrease these rates so that’s why these tests are used for diagnosis
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PT
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prothrombin time
- blood test that measures other clotting factors to see how long it takes blood to clot. Partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time are often done at the same time to check for bleeding problems caused by a problem with the clotting factors. |
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PTT
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partial thromboplastin time
- blood test that measures the time it takes your blood to clot. A PTT test can be used to check for bleeding problems. |
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means protection
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immuno
phylaxis |
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prophylaxis
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preventative health care
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anaphylaxis
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excessive protection
-exaggerated or unusual hpersensetivity to previously encountered foreign proteins or other antigens. |
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NKA
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no known allergies
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allergy
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Abnormal hypersensetivity acquired by exposure to an antigen.
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thymus gland
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Organ in the mediastinum that produces T lymphocytes and aids in the immune response.
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lymphatics
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sewer system of the body
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antibody
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Protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens.
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monoclonal antibody
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Antibody produced in the lab to attack antigens.
Useful in immunotherapy and cancer treatment. |
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lymphedema
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trapping of lymphatic fluid in the tissues
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elephantiasis
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fluid trapped lower extremities – extreme form lymphedema
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Lymphangiectasia
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pathologic dilation of lymph vessels
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SCIDS
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severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
-genetic disorder with severe defect in both the T- & B-lymphocyte systems -immune system severely compromised - prone to many infections -"bubble boy" disease |
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AIDS
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
-Syndrome associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems. -targets T-helper cell -the final stage of HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system |
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ELISA
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Screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream.
If test is positive, it is confirmed by a Western blot test, which is more specific. |
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atopy
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when have congenital predisposition towards allergies
-have allergies to everything |
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wasting syndrome
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Causes body fat and vital muscle mass to deteriorate.
People with HIV/AIDs often have this. |
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TPN
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feed intravenously
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natural immunity
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-genetic predisposition present in the body at birth
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artificial acquired immunity
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immunity acquired from having previous infections (causes production of antibodies that remain in the body) or vaccines
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natural passive immunity
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antibodies passing through placenta or colostrum
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artificial passive immunity
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patient receives antibodies produced from another person or animal
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toxicologist
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helps you recover from poisoning
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complement
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-when antibody will hook to antigen on cell membrane pathogen then series of proteins will attach; when last one attaches will turn into a torpedo
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osteoporosis
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decrease in bone density; thinning and weakening of bone
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osteomalacia
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softening of bone
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kypho/o
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humpback
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kyphosis
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abnormal condition of humpback
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lord/o
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curve/swayback
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
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spondyl/o
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vertebra (referring to pathology of vertebra)
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orthopedic
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bone specialist
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lumbago
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lower back pain
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myelopoiesis
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production of bone marrow
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osteitis imperfecta
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bones are brittle, break easily, lack protein
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lamin/o
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lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
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spondylolisthesis
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slipping of vertebra
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osteotome
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device for cutting bones
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osteoblast
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bone forming cell
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osteoclast
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bone breaking cell
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physis
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growth
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epiphysis
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growth at the extremities
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diaphysis
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growth across - center of ossification that starts in bones and later turns into marrow bone
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tarsal
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ankle bones
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exostosis
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non cancerous growth on a bone
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transverse fractures
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bones break across
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Colles fracture
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transverse break bones of the wrist
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Potts fracture
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transverse break bones of leg
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comminuted fracture
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bones are shattered
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compound fracture
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broken bone sticking out of skin
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ORIF
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open reduction internal fixation - treatment for compound fracture; cut extremity open then place bone in with pins and screws
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Greenstick fracture
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fracture in a youngster; bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface and only bends on the other; cuz bones not ossified yet
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impacted fracture
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when bone breaks and bones jammed into each other
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compression fracture
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bone is compressed
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talipes
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"ankle foot" -Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot. Clubfoot.
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ROM
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range of motion
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PROM
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passive range of motion - someone that is unable to move themselves; i.e. when someone is comatose
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AROM
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active range of motion – done by PT to keep you from losing range of motion after injury
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fossa
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shallow depression
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foramen
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hole
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foramina
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little hole
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avulsion
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something is torn away
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trochanter
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elevation on a bone that has pulley function
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tubercle
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elevation of bone for attachment of LIGAMENT
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tuberosity
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elevation of bone where TENDON attaches
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tenorrhaphy
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"suture of tendons"
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condyle
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knuckle
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rheum
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watery
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gouty arthritis
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Inflammation & painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body
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osteoarthritis
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progressive, degenerative disease; loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone
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rheumatoid arthritis
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joints inflamed and painful; caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissues, against synovial membrane
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crepitus
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bones will develop irregular elevations; so tendons and ligaments over that will cause cracking and popping
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carpal tunnel
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compression of median nerve as it passes b/w ligament and the bones & tendons of the wrist
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lupus or SLE - systemic lupus erythematosus
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chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs.
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leiomy/o
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smooth (visceral) muscle
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rhabdomy/o
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skeletal muscle
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leiomyo sacrcoma
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– connective tissue associated with the muscle has developed tumor
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fascia
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loose connective tissue
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podagra
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pain for gout
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terms relating to skin
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derm
dermato cutar cor |
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excoriation
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ripped enough skin to bleed and scar
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terms for hair
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tricho
hirsu pilo |
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hirsutism
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male pattern of body growth in females; usually related to medication
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pilonidal cyst
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tuft of hair in the vertebral column
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piloerector musles
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muscles that make your hair stand on end
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diaphoresis
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dia = across
phoresis - to carry "to carry across" |
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anhidrosis
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genetic condition ppl born without as many sweat glands as they should have
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pean de orange
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last part of heat exhaustion; cooking in your own juices
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anthracosis
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skin turns black from exposure to poisons
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terms for yellow
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cirrhosis
jaundice luteo xantho |
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glaucoma
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"mass of grey"
glauc/o = grey |
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keratosis
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hardening of the skin
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Leukoplakia
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patches of de-pigmentation aka vitaligo
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tinea
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fungus
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tinea capitis
tinea barbae tinea pedis tinea cruris |
tinea capitis – very infectious, usually in the head
tinea barbae – fungal infection of the beard tinea pedis – athletes foot tinea cruris – crotch rock – same species from tinea pedis, scratch feet and then scratch groin |
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onchy/o
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toenails, fingernails
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ungu
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nail
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rhitidectomy
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surgical removal of a wrinkle
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xeroderma
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dry skin
xero = dry |
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macule
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discolored spot
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crust
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collection of dried serum & cellular debri
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cyst
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closed sac w/fluid
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erosion
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wearing away or loss of epidermis
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fissure
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crack in skin
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nodule
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skin elevated
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polyp
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growth on surface of mucosa
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pustule
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puss filled lesion
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ulcer
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open sore on skin or mucous membrane within body
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vesicle
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itty bitty blister
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wheal
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singular hive; fluid in skin caused by inflammation
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urticaria
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hives
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pruritus
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intense itching
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alopecia
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hair loss
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alopecia areata
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common in babies - lay and rock their head, hair doesn't grow there
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gangrene
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blockage blood flow in tissues so they die
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rhytid/o
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wrinkle
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kerat/o
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hard/horny tissue
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hidr/o
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sweat
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melan/o
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black
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psoriasis
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chronic, recurrent dermatosis; itchy, scaly, red plaques, covered by grey scales
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scabies
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little mites bury into skin
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scaber
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to itch
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SLE – systemic lupus erhtyematosus
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chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, of joints & internal organs
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keloid
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thickened scar after trauma or surgical incision
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nevus
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mole; cluster of melanocytes
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verucca
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warts
lit means cauliflower |
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Kaposi sarcoma
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malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth w/ cutaneous nodules
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comedo
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black head
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contologist
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specialist for contact lens
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dacry
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tears
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dacryadenitis
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inflammation of tear glands
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iris
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colored portion of the eye
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cycl/o
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ciliary body of the eye; cycle; circle
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cycloplegic
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medication to keep your eye from adjusting (used in eye dr's office when examining eye)
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cornea
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outermost portion of the eye
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kerato
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cornea
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phacoemulsification
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treats cataracts; ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens
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tonometry
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measure pressure of the eye
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macular degeneration
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progressive damage to macula of retina
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miosis
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constriction of pupil
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mydriasis
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dilation of pupil
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scotoma
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mass of darkness
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xerophthalmia
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dry eyes
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tropia
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turning
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hordeolum
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stye
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chalazion
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infection from stye
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nystagmus
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eye slows down so you can see
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dilutional hyponatremia
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metabolic condition of not enough sodium (salt) in the body fluids outside the cells.
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polyphagia
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excessive eating
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diabetes mellitus
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lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch and fat metabolism in cells.
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diabetes insipidus
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lack of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
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specific gravity test
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test chemicals in the urine, like testing for diabetes mellitus
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adenophypophysis
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anterior pituitary gland
composed of glandular epithelial tissue |
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neurohypophysis
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posterior pituitary gland
composed of nervous tissue |
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Major hormones of anterior pituitary gland
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Growth hormone or somatotropin
TSH ACTH Gonadotropic hormones (FSH & LH) |
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Major hormones of posterior pituitary gland
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ADH - anti-diuretic hormone aka vasopressin
oxytocin |
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precocious puberty
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gonadotropins don't shut down
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PRL – prolactin
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cause changes in breast that will cause lactation
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gynecomastia
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breasts like a female
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aldosterone
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regulates concentration of minerals salts in body
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adrenal virilism
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female will have male pattern of hair growth, voice will deepen, clitoris will enlarge, libido will enhance
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cretin
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short fat (can’t digest proteins) and stupid
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panhypopituitarism
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all pituitary hormones are deficient
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pheochromocytoma
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dull colored cell tumor
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anaplastic
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malignant cells; their DNA stops making codes that allow the cells to carry on the function of mature cells.
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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carcinoma in situ
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if eroded to base membrane and in blood stream called metastasis
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TNM
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tumor node metastasis – test to see how far the tumor has spread. where you’d want zero’s across the board
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edentulous
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to lose your teeth, "gummy"
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dosimeter
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measures exposure to radiation
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verrucous
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wart-like growth
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cystic
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forming large open spaces filled with fluid
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fungating
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mushrooming pattern of growth
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medullary
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large, soft, fleshy tumors
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necrotic
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containing dead tissue
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-plastic
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pertaining to formation
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sessile
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means tumor stationary
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adjuvant
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to accompany, assist with
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stereotactic sugery
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you're locked into a frame; singel large dosage of radiation delivered
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radiosensitive
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radiation can shrink the tumor
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radiocurable
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radiation can destroy tumor
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radiolucent
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substance that permits passage of most X-rays; appears black on x-ray image
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radiopaque
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substances that absorb most of the x-rays; appears white on x-ray image (cuz only few x-rays reach the x-ray plate)
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CT Scan
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take x-ray from 16 different vectors, and overlay them to make a 3D picture
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MRI
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Magnetic field, orients the positron. Assess your energy fields.Pathological tissue shows up differently.
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ultrasound
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hi frequency sound waves; give info about anatomy of an organ
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decubitus
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person laying on x-ray screen to compress tissues to get a better look
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KUB
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Kidney, Uterine, Bladder – common term in X-ray, X-ray in this area to designate location
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idiosyncrasy
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unpredictable type of drug toxicity that happens to individuals
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snyergism
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drugs have multiplying effect
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potentiation
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to enhance or increase the effect of a drug
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sedative
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medication makes you sleepy
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hypnotic
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medication knocks you out
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antidote
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against that which is given
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cathartic
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purge GI tract
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narcotic
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makes you stuporous
narc = stupor |
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enteral
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administration through GI tract
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PO
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per mouth
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parenteral
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other than GI tract
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intrathecal
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within vertebral column
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NPO
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non per os, meaning they want your stomach empty
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SOS
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si opus sit – if the situation requires
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cum
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with
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sin
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without
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qd
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everyday
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qod
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every other day
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BID
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twice a day
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AC
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ante cibum - before meals
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PC
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post cibum - after meals
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QID
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four times a day
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TID
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three times a day
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PRN
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– pro renata - by nature of the thing
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ad lib
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if don’t have an indicator, it’s an ad lib; if there is no indication for taking the medication
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Sig
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signatus – means authorization
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gtt
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means drop – medical dropper 1/3 of mm
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hs
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horum somnorum – hour of sleep
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neuroleptic
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major tranquilizer
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anxiolytic
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medication tx anxiety
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tomomania
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someone who likes to have surgery
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transference
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px will transfer feelings of affection to the therapist
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