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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ptolmaic theory of the universe
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Claudius Ptolemy was a Greco-Roman writer of Alexandri
in which the earth is at the center of the universe with the sun, moon, planets, and stars revolving about it in circular orbits. |
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Nicholaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
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Polish clergyman who published his treatise On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres which attacked the Ptolemaic theory, arguing that the earth and planets revolved around the sun (heliocentrism)
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Gelileo Galilei (1564-1642)
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Italian astronomer who provided more evidence to support the heliocentric view and also challenged the doctrine that the heavens were perfect and unchanging via the telescope.
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Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
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English Natural philosopher, wrote Principia Mathematica which developed a law of universal gravitation which explained both movement on earth and the motion of the planets
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John Locke (1632-1704)
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English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
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The Second Treatise on Government (1689)
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Power came from the people
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The Wealth of Nations (1776)
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Adam Smith. First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. Through reflection over the economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution the book touches upon broad topics as the division of labour, productivity and free markets.
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Voltaire (1694-1778)*
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The pen name of Francois-Marie Arouet who was the most influential writer of the early Enlightenment.
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The Encylcopedia (1751)
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Many enlightenment writers collaborated on it, aimed to gather together knowledge about science, religion, industry, and society
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Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
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French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution
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the general will
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made famous by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, is a concept in political philosophy referring to the will of the people as a whole.*
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hierarchical society
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God, angels, then man
King was appointed by God King Aristocracy Clergy Everyone else |
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Seven Years' War (1756-1763)
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A world wide series of battles between Austria, France, Russia, and Sweden on one side and Prussia and Great Britain on the other. end of France's power in the Americas
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Nobility of the robe
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French aristocrats with hereditary positions in the government, made up the second estate of pre-revolutionary France
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What is the Third Estate? (1789)
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is a political pamphlet written by French thinker and clergyman Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès in January 1789, shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution. The pamphlet was Sieyès' response to finance minister Jacques Necker's invitation for writers to state how they thought the Estates-General should be organized.
Sieyès stated that the people wanted genuine representatives in the Estates-General, representatives equal to the other two orders taken together, and votes taken by heads and not by orders. These ideas came to have an immense influence on the course of the Revolution. |
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Louis XVI (reigned 1774-1793)
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French king who was tried for treason during the French revolution; he was executed for leaving a goodbye note that he was leaving France
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Estates General (1789)
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A body of deputies from the three estates, or orders, of France: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and everyone else (Third Estate) Special rights for nobles was ended and the power and abuse of the Catholic Church was a thing of the past.
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Tennis Court Oath (1789)
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An agreement made by the National Assembly after being locked out of their meeting space that said that all meetings must be in private and in dialogue. Feelings were high and promised that they would not seperate until a constitution was made.
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National Assembly
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Made up of all representatives of France no matter the class level. They wanted a constitution and not a monarchy.
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National Constituent Convention (1792)
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An event where the national assembly expressed their desire for a constitution. An all new National Assembly was elected (more fiesty)*
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Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793)
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Most radical news paper journalist. He voted for the death of the king and was very influential. Was stabbed by Charlotte Corday because she was offended by his writings
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Jacobin Party
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A group of people that believed that King Louis XVI was a clear enemy, Spoke at the NCC and said that king was a trader. Made the Committee of Public Safety consisted of 12 men, no specific leader
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Committee of Public Safety
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was set up in April 1793 to defend France against its enemies, foreign and domestic. At first it was dominated by Georges Danton and his followers, but they were soon replaced by the radical Jacobins, including Maximilien Robespierre. Harsh measures were taken against alleged enemies of the Revolution, the economy was placed on a wartime basis, and mass conscription was undertaken. Dissension within the committee contributed to the downfall of Robespierre in July 1794, after which it declined in importance.
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Maximilliien Robespierrre (1758-1794)
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Became in charge because the people wanted him in charge
Believed that French people must be free and that royalists could end freedom Started the terror ignored indivudual right and was an idealist |
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The Terror (1793-1794)
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The policy established under the direction of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution to arrest dissidents and execute opponents in order to protect the republic from its enemies.
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Dr. Joseph Guillotine
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french physician thought chopping heads off was inhumane and wanted to execute people in a humane manor made a machine
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Georges Danton (1759-1794)
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Was a good friend of Max until he disagreed with his ruling and became enemies. was executed via guillatin made the general will
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Nine Thermidor
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On this day, Robespierre was arrested and brought to the guillatine and the year of terror ended.
France still uses this as their independence day |
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Careers open to talent
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what napoleon banaparte meant was that in the time he lived certain careers were give based on who you were in society that is who your family was. Napoleon dreamt of a world where people were chosen because of their abilities and talents and not their ancestry or stature. Napoleons dream was only realised in the long run.
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Levee en masse
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A draft for the army of the Revolutionary war. Most of the soldiers were peasants who got paid
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battles of Valmy and Jemappes (1792)
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Jemappes: The French owed their victory to the high morale of the troops and to a new striking tactic, in which battalion columns were combined with an extended formation of infantry. The victory resulted in the temporary occupation of Belgium by France.
Valmy: first major victory by the army of France during the Revolutionary Wars that followed the French Revolution. |
