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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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St. Francis
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1182-1226 Totally poor son of merchant who converted his obedience from his earthly to his heavenly father. Hence he went out and repaired the lords house of churches evrywhere.
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The Franciscans
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The life of Francis of Assisi and the religous order he founded, the Friars Minor (Lesser Brothers), known as the Franciscans, epitomized the strengths and tensions of medieva europe.
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Secular Clergy
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The first candidates for reform were parish priests and bishops/ Called the secular clergy (in Latin saeculum, meaning "secular)" because they lived in the secular world, they differed from the regular clergy (in Latin regula, those who followed a "rule") who lived in monastaries apart from the world.
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Regular Clergy
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The regular clergy (in Latin regula, those who followed a "rule") who lived in monastaries apart from the world.
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Regula
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The regular clergy (in Latin regula, those who followed a "rule") who lived in monastaries apart from the world.
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Laypeople/laity
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referred to all Christians who had not taken religious vows to become a priest, monk, or nun.
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Simony
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The practice of buying ans selling churches offices.
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Lay Investiture
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took place when aristocrats, kings, or emperors installed churchmen and gave them their symbols of office ("invested" them). Through this practice powerful controlled the clergy and usurped
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Investiture Controversey
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Gregory VII struck back in an escalating confrontation now known as the Investiture Controversy. He dosped Henry from the imperial throne and excommunicated him.
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Excommunication
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Prohibited the sinner from participating in the sacraments and forbade any social contract whatsoever with the surrounding communtiy.
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Interdict
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The suspension of the sacraments in a locality or kingdom whose ruler had defied the pope. During an interdict the churches would close their doors, creating panic among the faithful who could not baptize their children or bury their dead. The interdict, which encourages a public outcry, could be a very effective weapon for undermining the political support of any monarch who ran afoul of the pope.
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Franciscan Order
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The Franciscan Order enjoyed a similar success. Francis of Assisi, deeply influenced Clare of Assisi, who founded a parrallel order for women, the Poor Clares. Like the Franciscans, she and her followers enjoyed the "privilege of perfect poverty," which forbade the ownership of any property even by the community itself.
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Dominican Order
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the SPaniard Dominic 1170-1221 founded the Dominican Order to convert Muslims and Jews and to combat heresy among Christians against whom he began his preaching mission while traveling through southern France.
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Inquisition in Montaillou
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In 1308 he had every resident over age 12 seized and imprisoned. After the investiagtion, the villagers suffered the full range of inquisitorial penalities for their Cathar faith. The inquisitor's court sentenced some to life in prison, others to be burned at the stake. It forced many of those who were allowed to return to Montaillou to wear a yellow cross, the symbol of a heretic, sewn to the outside of their garments.
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