3E - West Asia: Cultural Geography (A)

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Cultural Geography

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study of the patterns and interactions of human culture, both material and non-material, in relation to the natural environment and the human organization of space (Denis Cosgrove 1994)

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Cultural Geography

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study of the impact of human culture on the landscape

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Cultural Landscapes

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interaction between the ‘natural’ landscape and human communities

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1. buildings

2. agricultural technologies

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Manifestations of human intervention in the natural landscape

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Culture Hearth

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crucible of civilization

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Culture Hearth

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source of ideas, innovations and ideologies that changed the region

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Mesopotamia

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also called “land between two rivers”

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Mesopotamia

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where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flow

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1. fertile alluvial soils

2. ample water

3. domestication of plants and animals

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Impact of rivers

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1. a hole was dug in the embankment

2. water was hoisted using a basin attached to a rope

3. the hole was closed by placing mud back in the hole

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Water irrigation: Basin Type process

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1. Babylon

2. Ur

3. Kish

4. Uruk

5. Nippur

6. Nineveh

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Great cities built in West Asia

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Hanging Gardens

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HUMAN IMPRINTS: Babylon

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monumental temples called ziggurat

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HUMAN IMPRINTS: Ur

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ziggurat

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HUMAN IMPRINTS: Kish

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Temple of Karaindash

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HUMAN IMPRINTS: Uruk

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temple

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HUMAN IMPRINTS: Nippur

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city gate (Adad Gate)

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HUMAN IMPRINTS: Nineveh

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Palestine (Israel)

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was the cradle of two world religions: Judaism & Christianity

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Judaism

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belief in one God called Yahweh which means “He Who Is”

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The Ten Commandments

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Abraham

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established the Jewish nation in Canaan

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Moses

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led the Israelites out of Egypt

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Moses

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received the Ten Commandments

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1. Torah

2. Nevi'im

3. Khetuvim

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The three traditional books (TaNaKh)

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1. Genesis

2. Exodus

3. Leviticus

4. Numbers

5. Deuteronomy

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Torah: made up of five books

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1. Former Prophets

2. Latter Prophets

3. Minor Prophets

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Nevi’im divided into:

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1. Prophetic

2. Wisdom

3. Five Scrolls

4. Historical Books

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Khetuvim divided into:

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Star of David

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also known as the “Shield of David” or “Magen David”

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hexagram (two equilateral triangles)

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Shape of the Star of David

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Star of David

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symbolizes and represents the Jewish people

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rabbi

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learned men tasked to teach written and oral Jewish laws, deliver sermons, conduct pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside world

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Tefilin

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small leather box containing texts of scriptures bound with leather thongs worn on the left arm and forehead

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Tallit

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prayer shawl made of wool, cotton or silk

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Tzitzit

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corner fringes in the tallit (prayer shawl)

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Circumcision

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removal of the foreskin of the penis held on the eighth day after birth

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sign of ratification of God’s covenant with Abraham

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Origin of circumcision

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Kosher

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ood that may be consumed according to Jewish law

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1. hare

2. camel

3. pig

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Forbidden foods in Judaism

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Bar Mitzvah

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young boy is made to read from the Torah (symbolizing his becoming a “Son of the Commandment”)

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mornings and afternoons of Monday, Thursday and Sabbath

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Judaism: prayers

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festive meals taken at dinner on Shabbat eve (Friday night)

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Sabbath

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Jerusalem

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capital of the United Kingdom of Israel (David, 1st king)

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Jerusalem

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site of Solomon's Temple (king of Israel known for his wisdom)

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Temple Mount (Jerusalem)

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where the Holy of Holies stood

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Synagogue

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means "house of prayer”

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Synagogue

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functions as the center of Jewish worship

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1. Great Synagogue (Capernaum)

2. Shalom Al Yisrael Synagogue (Jericho)

3. Gamla Synagogue (Gamla)

4. Chorazim Synagogue (Chorazim)

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HUMAN IMPRINTS in Palestine: Judaism

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Hebron

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burial site of Biblical Patriarchs

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Tiberias

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“City of Ritual Purity”

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Jesus as Messiah

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prophesied in the Bible to be physically descended from the line of King David

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Jesus as Messiah

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prophesied to rule the people of the united tribes of Israel and herald an age of peace and prosperity

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Apostles’ Creed:

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statement of belief in Christianity

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Creed

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often recited as part of a religious service

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Sacraments

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physical signs/rituals to give grace

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1. Baptism

2. Confirmation

3. Eucharist

4. Penance

5. Marriage

6. Holy Orders

7. Extreme Unction

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Seven sacraments in Christianity

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Bethlehem (Church of the Nativity)

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where Jesus Christ was born

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Garden of Gethsemane (Jerusalem)

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where Jesus Christ prayed before he was arrested

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Jerusalem (Church of the Holy Sepulcher)

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where Jesus Christ was buried

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Arabia

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cradle of Islam

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Muhammad

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founder of Islam

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1. Shahada (Profession of Faith)

2. Zakat (Almsgiving)

3. Salat (Prayer five times a day)

4. Hadj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)

5. Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan)

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Five Pillars of Faith of Islam

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Holy cities

1. Mecca

2. Medina

3. Jerusalem

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places associated with Muhammad

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Mecca

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birthplace of Muhammad

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Mecca

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site of the Kaaba

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Medina

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where Muhammad found sanctuary

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Medina

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where Islam became an all-encompassing social entity

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Medina

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where Muhammad died

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Jerusalem

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site of the Dome of the Rock

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Jerusalem

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became the first Qibla

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Jerusalem

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from where Muhammad made his Night Journey

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Mosque

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also called “masjid” which means a place of prostration

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1. Mecca

2. Medina

3. Jerusalem

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Holy cities of Islam

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Minaret

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tall, slender tower where call to prayer is announced

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Yahweh

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Means "He who is"