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69 Cards in this Set
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Backstep Sequence |
A longitudinal sequence in which weld passes are made in the direction opposite the progress of welding |
Longitudinal |
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Backing |
A material or device placed on the backside of a welding joint or at both sides of a welding in electroslag or electrogas welding to support or retain molten weld metal |
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Bare Electrode |
A filler metal electrode that has been produced as a wire strip or bar with no coating |
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Covered Electrode |
A composite filler metal electrode consisting of a bare electrode or metal covered electrode to which a covering sufficient to provide a slag layer on the weld metal has been applied |
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Depth of Fusion |
The distance that fusion extends into the base metal or previous bead from the surface melted during welding |
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Crater |
A depression in the weld face at the termination of a welding bead |
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Effective Throat |
The minimum distance minus any convexivity between the weld root and the face of the fillet |
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Electrode Angles |
Electrode Angles help control the shape of the puddles and the amount of penetration The work angle is the angle between the electrode and the work surface along the work plane which runs perpindicular |
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Fillet Weld |
A weld of approximately triangular cross sections joining two surfaces approximately at right Angles to each other in a lap joint, t joint, or corner joint |
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Fillet Weld Leg |
The distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld |
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Flat Welding Position |
The welding position used to weld from the upper side of the joint at a point where the weld axis is approximately horizonal, and the weld face lies in a horizontal plane |
Upperside |
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Flux |
A material used to prevent the formation of oxides and other undesirable substances in molten and on solid metal, and to dissolve or remove such substances |
Oxidize |
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Gas Pocket |
A non standard term for porosity |
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Gas sheilding weilding |
Gas shielded welding is used to describe different processes including electrogas welding, flux cored arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tunsgen welding and plasma arc welding |
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Heat Affected Zone |
The portion of the base metal who mechenical properties has been altered by the heat of welding, brazing soldering or thermal cutting |
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Groove Weld |
A weld made in a groove between workpieces |
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High Carbon Steel |
Steel Containing 45% carbon or more |
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Horizonal Welding Position, fillet weld |
The welding position in which the weld is on the upper side of an approximately horizonal surface and against an approximately vertical surface |
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Horizonal weld position, groove weld |
The welding position in which the weld face lies in approximately vertical plane and the weld axis at the point of welding is approximately horizontal |
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Lap joint |
A joint between two overlapping members in parallel planes |
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Low Carbon Steel |
Steel Containing less than 20% |
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Melting Rate |
The weight or length of an electrode wire, rod, powder melted in a unit of time |
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Mig Welding |
A non stardard term for gas metal arc welding and flux cored arc welding |
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Molten pool |
A non standard term for a weld pool |
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Open Circuit Voltage |
The voltage between the output terminals of the power source when no power is flowing to the torch or gun |
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Over Lap |
A non standard term for in complete fusion |
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Preening |
The mechanical workings of metal using impact blows |
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Penetration |
A non standard term for depth fusion, joint penetration and root penetration |
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Porosity |
Cavity type discontinuities formed by gas trapped during solidification in a thermal spray deposit |
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Postheating |
The application of heat to an assembly after welding, brazing and soldering, thermal spraying or thermal coating |
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Preheat |
The heat applied to base metal or substrate to attain and mantain preheat temperature |
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Radiography |
The use of of radiant energy in the form of x rays gamma rays for the nondestructive examination of metals |
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Reverse Polarity |
A non standard term for direct current electrode positive |
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Root opening |
A separation at the joint root between work pieces |
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Shielded Metal Arc Welding |
An arc welding process with an arc in between a covered electrode and the weld pool |
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Slag Inclusion |
Non metallic solid material entrapped in weld metal or between weld metal or base metal |
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Spatter |
The metal particles expelled during fusion welding that do not form part of the weld |
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Straight Polarity |
A non standard term for direct current electrode negative |
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Stress Relief Heat Treatment |
Uniform heating of a structure or portion to a sufficient temperature to relieve the major portion of the residual stresses, followed by uniform cooling |
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Stringer Bead |
A type of weld bead made without appreciable weaving motion |
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String Bead |
A type of weld made without appreciable transverse oscillation |
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Tack Weld |
A weld made to hold weldments in proper alignment until final welds are made |
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Theoretical Throat |
The distance from the beginning of the joint root perpindicular to the hypotenuse of the largest right triangle that can be inscribed on the cross section of a fillet weld |
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Tig Welding |
A non standard term for gas tungsten welding |
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Ultimate Tensile Strength |
The maximum tensile strength that will cause a material to break expressed in pounds per square inch |
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Underbead Crack |
A crack in the heat affected zone that does not extend to the surface of the base metal |
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Vertical Position |
The welding position in which the weld axis is vertical at the point of welding and the weld face lies in a horizontal plane |
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Welding |
Welding is a process that produces coalescence, or merging together, of materials by heating with or without the application of pressure alone or with or without the application of filler metal |
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Weld Face |
The exposed surface of the weld on the side that welding was done |
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Weld Root |
The point shown in cross section at which the root surface intersects the base metal surface |
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Weld Toe |
The junction of the weld face and the base metal. Weldments: An assembly whose component parts are joined by welding |
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Weld Procedure |
The detailed methods and practices involved in the production of a weldment |
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Welding Position |
The relationship between the weld pool, joint, joint member, and welding heat source during welding |
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Welding Rod |
A form of welding filler metal, normally packaged in straight lengths that does not conduct welding currents |
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Whipping |
A manual whipping technique in which the arc or flame is manipulated to alternate backward and forwards as it progresses along the weld path |
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What are 5 welding precautions |
1. Make sure weld equient is properly grounded and in working condition
2. Always wear protective clothing
3. Always wear protective eye protection when welding, cutting or grinding
4) When gas cylinder is empty close valve and Mark as empty
5) Do not weld in confine spaces without taking precautions |
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What are the 5 essentials of shielded arc welding |
Electrode Diamater Current Travel Speed Arc Length Electrode Angles |
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What is the role of electrode diamater |
Electrode diameter is welding range from 3/16 to 3/32 of an inch.
The Diamater is based on the thickness of the base metal, the welding position and the type of joint
Larger diameter electrode are used on thicker metals and for flat positions welding because the offer higher deposition rates
Small diameter electrodes are used for horizonal, vertical and overhead welding, because they produce a small weld puddle and they are easier to control. Joint design also affects weld diameter |
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Current |
Current is measured in amps. Each electrode has a recommended amperage. If the current is too high the electrode will melt too fast. Also the weld bead will be wide and flat with alot of undercut. If it is too low it won't produce enough heat to melt base metal and the puddle will be to small to control |
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Arc length |
If the arc is too long , the metal core melts off in large gobules that wobbles from side to side and onto work as spatter. The weld bead is wide with excessive undercut. Long arcing is used to preheat base metal. Shortening arc reduces the arc voltage and increases amperage |
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Travel Speed |
This is the rate and electrode moves along the work. The key to reading travel speed is the weld puddle because the puddle is the liquid version of the bead If you travel to quickly the puddle cools too quickly trapping gasses and slag If you travel to slowly metal piles build up forming a high weld bead that results in overlapp |
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Electrode Angles |
Helps to control the shape of the weld puddle and amount of penetration |
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What are 3 electrode angles |
Push Travel Angle-When the electrode points in the direction of travel Drag Travel Angle- It increases heat output into the puddle because the arc is pointed towards the puddle Work Angle- The angle between the electrode and the working surface along the work plane
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SMAW Advatages |
1)No need for shielding gas 2) Can weld great distances from power source 3)It is less sensitive to wind |
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SMAW Disadvantages |
1)SMAW is labour intensive 2) Productivity rates are lower because welder to stop and change electrodes 3)Amperage is restricted to current carrying electrode |
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Explain the functions of small and large electrode diameters? |
Larger diameter is used for thicker steel and flat positions because it has higher deposition rates Small diameter electrodes are used for horizontal, vertical and overhead positions because it produces a smaller weld puddle that is easier too control |
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What happens when the current is too high or too low? |
Too High Electrode melts too fast The weld puddle becomes too large to control The bead is flat and wide with spatter and undercutting Too Low Produces insufficient heat to melt base metal |
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Explain Short Arc Length and Long |
Long arc the metal core melts off in large globules that wobble from side to side and drop on the work as spatter. It is used to preheat metal Short Arc reduces arc voltage
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Explain travel speed. |
Too fast the puddle cools too quickly trapping gas and slag Too slow metal piles up forming a high weld bead with too much reinforcement resulting in overlapp |
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