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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bone Formation: Cartilaginous |
Bone gradually replaces cartilage More common Mode |
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Bone Formation: Intramembranoues |
Not preceded by cartilage - Bone directly replaces mesenchyme Many bones of vault Rapid Bone formation Many flat bones are formed this way |
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Neurocranium: Brain Case/Vault |
Frontal Parietal Occipital Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoid |
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Viscerocranium: Facial skeleton |
Zygomatic NasalMandible Maxilla Vomer |
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Fontanelles |
Soft Spot of infant's head |
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Anterior Fontanelle |
Bregma Coronal Suture intersected perpendicular by the saggital suture |
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Evolution of Primate Skull |
Orbital Convergence Reduction in snout Forward placement of Foramen Magnum Increase in Vault Size reinforcement of mandible |
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Changes in Cranial Size in Development |
Compared to Body Weight, Cranial gets smaller, |
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Cranial Suture: Coronal Suture |
Separates Frontal & Parietal |
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Cranial Suture: Sagittal Suture |
Separates 2 sides of the parietal |
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Cranial Suture: Lambdoid Suture |
Separates parietal with occipital Back of the head |
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Cranial suture: Squamosal Suture |
Separates Temporal & Parietal |
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Hominin Evolution |
Increased Cranial Capacity Emergence of mental protuberance Browridge Reduction Decreased prognathism |
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Cranial Comparative Anatomy: Lemur |
Small Vault Lateral Orbits Posterior foramen Magnum Prognathic |
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Cranial Comparative Anatomy: Macaque |
Larger Crania Vault Anterior Orbits Bony Enclosed orbits |
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Cranial Comparative Anatomy: Apes |
Supraorbita Torus Sagittal Crest Occipital Crest |
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Brainstem |
Primitive Involuntary Functions |
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Brainstem Consists of: |
Midbrain Pons Medulla |
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Cerebellum |
Possesses Neocortex Movement, Posture Balance |
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Cerebrum |
Thoughts & Action |
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Region of Cerebrum |
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Function of Cerebrum: Temporal Lobe |
Smell Hearing |
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Function of Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe |
Personaliity Movement Sensation Speech |
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Function of Cerebrum: Parietal Lobe |
Language Area Some Sensation |
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Function of Cerebrum: Occiptal Lobe |
Vision |
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Hemispheres |
Right & Left Hemispheres: Decreases Redundancy |
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Left Hemisphere |
Speech & Word Memory |
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Right Hemisphere |
Proportion Concepts, Relationships |
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Wernicke's Area |
Speech Comprehension |
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Broca's Area |
Speech Production |
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Association of Brain parts |
Wernicke's Area -> Broca's Area -> Motor Cortex |
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Broca's Aphasia |
Can Comprehend, cannot speak |
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Wernicke's Aphasia |
Can Speak;Cannot comprehend |
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Primate Trends
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Increased Frontal lobe Smaller Occipital Lobe (In humans) Increase in overall size |
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Primate Trends: Homo |
Increase in brain Relative to Body size Frontal & Occipital loves increase in size Reduction of Olfactory bulbs, & increase in visual Cortex |
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Encephalization |
Increase in size relative to body Behavior & brain co-evolve Changed shape of human cranium |
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2 Million Years of Evolution |
??? |
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Cranial nerves: OVerview |
Emerge from brain 12 Pair 1 &2 Cerebrum 3-12 Brainstem Numbered from Anterior to Posterior on brain |
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Learn the Acronyms! |
2 of them |
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Acronyms |
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Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Nerve |
Special Sense: Smell Enters skull through: Crihiform Plate of Ethmoid Synpase in Olfactory Bulb |
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Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve |
Special Sense: Light Detection Enters Skull: Optic Canal of Sphenoid |
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Cranial Nerves III: Oculomotor Nerve Cranial Nerves IV: Tochlear Nerve Cranial Nerves VI: Abducens Nerve |
Motor Nerves to eye muscles: Control eye movements Exits Skull: -Superior Orbital fissure of Sphenoid |
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Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal |
Both Motor & Sensory 3 branches |
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Cranial Nerve V1: Opthalmic Divison |
Sensory to: eyeball, orbit, upper lid, external nose, forehead |
