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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do we use waves for? |
To transfer energy and information |
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How do we determine the direction in which a wave transfers energy? |
The direction of travel is the same direction of the wave |
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What is the oscillation(vibration) of the particles of a transverse wave? |
Perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels |
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What is the oscillation(vibrations) of the particles of a longitudinal wave? |
It is parallel to the direction of travel of the wave |
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What is a longitudinal wave made up of? |
Compressions and rare fractions |
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What does compression mean? |
Squeezed togejter |
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What does rare fraction mean? |
Stretched apart |
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What are examples of an electromagnetic wave? |
Light waves and radio waves |
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Why are there no particles moving in an electromagnetic wave? |
The waves are oscillations in electric and magnetic fields. They are perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave |
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What are all electromagnetic waves? |
Transverse waves |
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What are some examples of mechanical waves? |
Waves on springs and sound waves |
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How to mechanical waves travel? |
Through a medium(substance) |
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What type of wave are mechanical waves? |
Transverse or longitudinal |
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What are sound waves? |
Longitudinal waves |
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What is the amplitude of a wave? |
The height of the wave crest/ the depth of the wave trough from the position at rest |
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What is the correlation between the amplitude of a wave and the energy it carries? |
The greater the amplitude the more energy it carries |
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What is the frequency of a wave? |
The number of wave crests passing a point in one second |
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What is the unit of frequency? |
Hertz(Hz) |
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What are hertz equivalent to? |
Per second (s) |
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What is the wavelength of a wave? |
The distance from one crest to the next crest/from one trough to the next |
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What is the equation of the speed of a wave? |
Wave speed = frequency X wave length |
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What are the units in the speed of a wave equation? |
Wave speed: m/s(metres per second) Frequency: Hz(Hertz) Wave length: m(metres) |
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What is the wavelength of a longitudinal wave? |
The distance from the middle of one compression to the middle of the next compression(or rare fraction) |
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What is thee frequency of a longitudinal wave? |
The number of compression passing a point in one second |
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How is an image seen in a mirror? |
Due to the reflection of light |
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What is an incident Ray? |
The Ray that goes towards the mirror |
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What is the reflected ray? |
It comes Away from the mirror |
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What is the normal line? |
A line perpendicular to the mirror at the point where the incident Ray hits the mirror that we draw |
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What is the angle of incidence? |
The angle between the incident Ray and the normal |
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What is the angle of reflection? |
The angle between the reflected Ray and the normal |
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What is the angle of incidence equal to? |
The angle of reflectoon |
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What is a real image? |
One that can be formed on a screen, because the rays of light that produce the image can actually pass through it |
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What is a virtual image? |
One that cannot be formed on a screen because the Rays of light that produce the image only appear to lasts through it |
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What happens when a wave crosses a boundary between different substances? |
They change speed, wavelength changes, frequency stays the same |
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What is refraction? |
The change of direction of a light Ray when it passes through a boundary between two transparent substances |
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What is caused when a change in speed of a wave occurs? |
A change in direction |
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What happens when light enters a more densd substance? |
It slows down and the Ray changes direction towards the normal |
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What happens when light enters a less dense substance? |
It slows down and the rate changes direction away from the normal |
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What happens when a ray of white light is shine into a triangular glass prism? |
We can see it because a spectrum is produced |
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What is it called when a spectrum is produced? |
Dispersion |
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What coloured light is refracted the most? |
Violet |
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What coloured light is refracted the least? |
Red |
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When is the effect of diffraction most noticeable? |
When the wavelength of the waves is about the same size as thee gap of the obstacle |
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How are TV signals carried? |
By radio waves |
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Why may people living in hilly areas not be able to receive a signal? |
Because it is blocked by a hill as the radio waves will be diffracted around the hill but if not enough the signal will be poor |
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How is sound caused? |
By mechanical vibrations in a substance |
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What can sound waves travel through? |
Liquids solids and gases |
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Where do sound waves generally travel fastest and slowest? |
Fastest: solids Slowest: gases |
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What is the range of sound that a humans can hear? |
From 20Hz to 20000 |
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How can we produce echoes? |
By reflecting sound waves |
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What surfaces reflect sound? |
Hard flat surfaces eg. Flat walls and floors |
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What objects absorb sound? |
Soft things eg. Carpets, furniture and curtains |
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What is diffraction? |
The spreading of waves when they pass through a gap or round an Obstacle |
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What does the pitch of a note depend on? |
The frequency of the sound wave |
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What is the correlation between the frequency of a wave and the pitch of a sound? |
The higher the frequency the higher the pitch |
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What does the loudness of a wave depend on? |
The amplitude of the sound waves |
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What is the correlation of the amplitude against energy and sound of the wave? |
The greater the amplitude the more energy and louder sound |
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What can the difference in a waveform be shown on? |
An oscilloscope |
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What can produce pure waveforms? |
Turning forks and signal generators |
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Why do instruments sound different to eachother? |
Different instruments produce different waveforms |
