Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
the reversible exchange of ions between a liquid and a solid. |
Ion Exchange |
|
|
|
the process whereby impurities present in the incoming fluid (water) are removed by exchanging impure ions with H+ and OH‑ ions, resulting in the formation of pure water.
|
Demineralize
|
|
|
|
an ion with a negative charge.
|
Anion
|
|
|
|
an ion with a positive charge
|
Cation |
|
|
|
3 reasons for removing impurities in Rx water:
|
To minimize corrosion
To minimize radiation levels To minimize fouling of heat transfer surfaces. |
|
|
|
are large molecules formed by the combining many molecules of one or two compounds in a repeating structure that produces long chains.
|
Polymers
|
|
|
|
a vessel, usually with a volume of several cubic feet, that contains the resin.
|
Mixed-bed demineralizer
|
9o99_
|
|
|
a ratio of the concentration (or activity) of the fluid at the inlet compared to the concentration (or activity) at the effluent, which expresses the effectiveness of an ion exchange process.
|
Decontamination Factor
|
|
|
|
ion exchange resins are formed in the shape of very small beads, called ______, with an average diameter of about 0.005 millimeters.
|
resin beads
|
|
|
|
The relative strength of the ionic attraction between different ions
|
Relative Affinity
|
|
|
|
5 filtration mediums (7)
|
Ion exchangers
Sand Activated Charcoal Anthracite Diatomaceous Earth |
|
|
|
How mixed-bed ion exchangers control PH
|
As reactor coolant passes through the ion exchange system, ionic impurities will be removed and NH4+ and OH‑ will be added. |
|
|
|
Resin Malfunctions (9)
|
Channeling
Breakthrough Exhaustion |
|
|
|
the attraction between a resin and a given ion
|
Affinity
|
|
|
|
a ratio of the concentration (or activity) of the fluid at the inlet compared to the concentration (activity) at the effluent, which expresses the effectivenes of an ion exchange process.
|
Decontamination Process
|
|
|
|
exchanges positive ions
|
Cation Resin
|
|
|
|
Exchanges negative ions
|
Anion Resin
|
|
|
|
We use the _____ to classify atoms.
|
Atomic Number
|
|
|
|
when the shared pair of electrons is not shared equally, one end of the bond is positive, and the other end is negative. This produces a bond with two poles.
|
Polar Covalent Bond
|
|
|
|
Is defined as the number of equivalents of solute dissolved in one liter of solution
|
Normality
|
|
|
|
The loss of electrons by one substance and the simultaneous gaining of electrons by another
|
Oxidation- reduction Process
|
|
|
|
Dissolved solids _____ conductivity
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
Methods to control general corrosion?
|
Passivation
Cathodic protection Removal of corrosive agents Chemical Additions |
|
|
|
Formation of an oxide layer
|
Passivation
|
|
|
|
Problems with Crud
|
Foul heat transfer
radiation radiative hot spots crud burst lead to more corrosion complicates disposal of coolant |
|
|
|
Locations susceptible to galvanic corrosion?
|
Condenser tubes- brass
condenser tube sheet - steel allow |
|
|
|
Methods to minimize galvanic corrosion?
|
insulate the junction |
|
|
|
formation of a compound, between the metal atoms on the surface of a grain boundary,of a monomolecular layer of the substance
|
Chemisortion
|
|
|
|
anerobic
|
a condition in which atmospheric or dissolved oxygen is not present in the aquatic environment
|
|
|
|
composite sample
|
A collection of individual samples obtained at regular intervals combined together and analyzed to determine the average condition during the sampling period.
|
|
|
|
Customer confidence report
|
An annual report prepared by the water utility to provide customer information on source and quality of water .
|
|
|
|
cryptosporidium
|
Hey water-borne intestinal parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis in infected humans
|
|
|
|
evaprotranspiration
|
The total water removed from an area by transpiration (plants) and evaporation from soil, Snow and water surfaces.
|
|
|
|
finished water
|
water that has passed through a treatment plant and is ready to be delivered to the customer.
|
|
|
|
giardia
|
A waterborne intestinal parasite that causes giadiasis. in infected humans.
|
|
|
|
grab sample
|
a single sample of water collected at a particular time and place which represents the composition of the water only at that time. and place.
|
|
|
|
Hydrologic cycle
|
The process of evaporation in transpirtation of water into the air, it returns to the earth by precipitation, groundwater movement and runoff into waters, streams and the ocean.
|
|
|
|
most probable number
|
Number of coliform-group organisms per unit volume of sample water.
|
|
|
|
non potable water
|
Water that may contain objectionable pollution, contamination, minerals or infective agents and is considered unsafe and or unpalatable for drinking.
|
|
|
|
Palatable
|
Water at a desirable temperature that is free from objectionable taste, odors, colors, too. Pleasing to the senses.
|
|
|
|
pollution
|
The impairment or reduction of water quality by agricultural domestic or industrial waste to a degree that has an adverse effect on any beneficial use of water.
|
|
|
|
Precipitation
|
Process by which atmospheric moisture falls onto a land or water surface as snow rain hail or other forms of moisture.
|
|
|
|
Sublimation
|
Transformation of a substance from a solid phase to a gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase such as loss of snow from a snow field during the cold spell caused by sunshine acting directly on the outer layers of the snow.
|
|
|
|
Transpiration
|
Process by which water vapor is released to the atmosphere by living plants.
|
|
|
|
Analyzer
|
Device which conducts periodic or continued measurement is some factor such as chlorine, floride, or turbidity
|
|
|
|
bacteria
|
Living organisms microscopic in size which usually consist of a single cell.
|
|
|
|
Carcinogen
|
a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.
|
|
|
|
coliform
|
A group of bacteria found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals humans and also in plants. soil, air, water. vaThe presence of these bacteria is an indication that the water is polluted and may contain pathogenic organisms.
|
|
|
|
Disinfection byproducts
|
A contaminant formed by the reaction of chlorine and with other substances in the water being.
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
Materials such as sand salt iron calcium salt and other minerals materials.
|
|
|
|
MCL maximum contaminant level
|
Largest allowable amount of a regulated constitutes in water as specified in the national primary drinking water regulations.
|
|
|
|
Natural organic matter
|
Broken down organic matter that comes from decayed vegetation in water.
|
|
|
|
Organic
|
Substance that came from animal or plant sources. These substances always contain carbon.
|
|
|
|
pathogens
|
Disease causing organisms.
|
|
|
|
Positive bacteriological sample
|
Water sample that has tested positive for bacteriological contamination.
|
|
|
|
potable
|
Water that does not contain objectionable pollution, contamination, materials, or infectIve agents and is considered satisfactory for drinking.
|
|
|
|
Total dissolved solids
|
All of the dissolved solids in water.
|
|
|
|
trihalomethanes
|
Compounds formed during chlorination by reactions with natural organic material in water are suspected of causing cancer.
|
|
|
|
turbidity
|
The cloudy appearance of water caused by the presence of suspended and colloidal material.
|
|
|
|
acre foot
|
a volume of water that covers one acre to a depth of one foot or 43,560 cubic feet.
|
|
|
|
Average demand
|
The total demand for water during Of time divided by the number of days in that time period.
|
|
|
|
clear well
|
A reservoir for the storage of filtered water of sufficient capacity to prevent the need to vary the filtration rate with variations in demand.
|
|
|
|
detention time
|
The theoretical calculated time required for a small amount of water to pass through a tank at a given rate of flow.
|
|
|
|
draw
|
The act of removing water from a tank or reservoir.
|
|
|
|
elevated tank
|
Storage facility that is elevated above the service zone and is used primarily to maintain an adequate and fairly uniform pressure to that Service zone
|
|
|
|
float on system
|
A method of operating a water storage facility. When customers demand Are low the storage facility will be filling. During periods of high demand, the facility will be emptying.
|
|
|
|
free board
|
the vertical distance from the normal water surface to the top of the confining wall.
|
|
|
|
mil
|
a unit of length equal into 0.001 of an inch.
|
|
|
|
Milligrams per liter
|
A measure of the concentration by weight of a substance per unit volume. Equivalent in fresh water to one part per million.
|
|
|
|
peak demand
|
the maximuim momentary load placed on a water treatment plant, home station or distribution station. This demand is usually the maximum average later 1 hour or less.
|
|
|
|
standpipe
|
A storage tank in which the height is greater than the diameter.
|
|
|
|
Thermal stratification
|
The formation of layers of different temperature in a lake or reservoir.
|
|
|
|
turnover rate
|
The amount of time it takes to cycle the volume of a reservoir.
|
|
|
|
aerobic
|
a condition in which atmospheric or dissolved molecular oxygen is present in the aquatic environment.
|
|
|
|
Anode
|
The surface of a corrosion cell where oxidation occurs in that loses material or corrodes.
|
|
|
|
cathode
|
The surface in a corrosion cell. Is protected.
|
|
|
|
cathodic. protection
|
an electrical system for prevention of corrosion metals particularly metallic pipe and tanks.
|
|
|
|
Dead end
|
The end of a water main which is not connected to other parts of the distribution system by means of a connected loop of pipe.
|
|
|
|
Dechlorination
|
The deliberate removal of chlorine from water. The partial or complete reduction of a residual chlorine by any chemical or physical process.
|
|
|
|
Evaporation
|
The process by which water or liquid becomes a gas water vapor.
|
|
|
|
galvanic corrosion
|
a form of localized corrosion caused by the connection of two dissimilar metals in an electrolyte such as water.
|
|
|
|
Routine. Sampling
|
Sampling repeated on a regular basis.
|
|
|
|
Ground level tank
|
a distribution system, storage of water in a tank whose bottom is at or below the surface of the ground.
|
|
|
|
Sacrificial anode
|
In the Cathodic protection a metal substance that is more reactive to the corrosive environment of the system to be protected and is electronically linked to a protection system. The substance partially corrodes or dissolves thereby protecting the metal of the system to which it is connected.
|
|
|
|
Tuberculation.
|
The development of or formation of small amounts of corrosion products on the inside of iron pipe.
|
|
|
|
Water cycle
|
The process of evaporation and transpiration of water into the air its return to the earth by precipitation groundwater movement in run off into the rivers streams and oceans.
|
|
|
|
Water hammer
|
potentially damaging slam bank or shudder that occurs in a pipe when a sudden change in water. velocity creates a great increase in water pressure.
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive map
|
A map that provides an overall view of a distribution system.
|
|
|
|
corrective maintenance
|
maintenance response to failure
|
|
|
|
corrosion
|
The gradual decomposition or destruction of a material by chemical action often due to an electrochemical reaction.
|
|
|
|
Fluoridation
|
The addition of chemical to increase the concentration of fluoride ions in drinking water to a predetermined optimum limit to reduce the incidence of tooth decay in children.
|
|
|
|
Graphic information system
|
A computer program that combines mapping with detailed information about the physical location of structure such as pipes valves or manholes within geographic areas.
|
|
|
|
Preventive maintenance
|
Scheduled work to prevent failures.
|
|
|
|
record drawings
|
Maps and drawings showing constructed facilities in there as built condition.
|
|
|
|
Safe Drinking Water Act (sdwa)
|
An Act passed by the US Congress in 1974 established a cooperative program in the local state federal agencies to ensure safe drinking water for customers.
|
|
|
|
transmission. main
|
pipelines that deliver water from a system s source of supply to the distribution system.
|
|
|
|
Unaccounted for water
|
The difference between produced horror purchase water and water sold to a customer.
|
|
|
|
Underground service alert
|
The on call phone number that should be contacted prior to digging or drilling underground.
|
|
|
|
wet tap
|
The addition of a new main or lateral connection into an existing mean while the existing main remains in service.
|
|
|
|
Backflow
|
The reverse flow condition created by a difference in water pressure which causes water to flow back into the distribution pipes of a potable water system supply from any source other than the intended source.
|
|
|
|
backpressure
|
A pressure that can cause water to back flow into the water supply when a user's water system is at a higher pressure in the public water system.
|
|
|
|
backsiphonage
|
a form of backflow caused by a negative or below at Miss fear Rukh pressure within a water system.
|
|
|
|
c factor
|
A value used to indicate the smoothness of a interior of a pipe.
|
|
|
|
cross connection
|
Straight a connection between a drinking water system and an unapproved water supply.
|
|
|
|
flushing
|
A method used to clean water distribution lines. Hydrants are open and water with a high velocity flow through the pipes are removing deposits from the pipes. 2.5 fps
|
|
|
|
friction loss
|
The head pressure or energy loss by water flowing in a pipe or channel has a result of turbulence cause by the velocity of a flowing water in the roughness of the pipe or restrictions caused by fittings.
|
|
|
|
head
|
The vertical distance in feet equal to the pressure in psi at a specific point.
|
|
|
|
Hydraulic grade
|
The elevation water would rise to in a small vertical to connect into a pipe under pressure.
|
|
|
|
plan view
|
a diagram, photo, or drawing showing a facility as it would appear when looking down on top of it.
|
|
|
|
profile
|
A drawing showing elevation plotted against distance such as the vertical section of side view of a pipeline.
|
|
|
|
sensor
|
a device that measures senses a physical condition. or variable of interest.
|
|
|
|
set point
|
The position at which a control or controller is set. This is the same as a desired value of a process variable.
|
|
|
|
telemetry
|
The electrical link between a transmitter and the receiver.
|
|
|
|
Cavitation
|
Formation or collapse of a gas pocket for bubbles on the gate of a valve. The collapse of this gas pocket or bubble drives the water into the gate with a terrific force that can cause pitting on the gate surface.
|
|
|
|
centrifugal. pump
|
A pump consisting of an impeller fixed on a rotating shaft. Is enclosed in a casting and having an inlet and discharge connection.
|
|
|
|
dynamic head
|
when a pump is operating the vertical distance in feet from a reference point (such as a pump center line) to the hydraulic grid line.
|
|
|
|
Horsepower
|
Are you know the power equal to about 746 watts, used to measure the power of engines.
|
|
|
|
impeller
|
a rotating set of vanes in a pump designed to pump or move water.
|
|
|
|
invert
|
the lowest (bottom) point on the inside pipeline.
|
|
|
|
motor efficiency.
|
The ratio of energy delivered by a motor to energy supplied to it during a fixed . period of cycle.
|
|
|
|
pump bowl
|
the substance pumping unit in a well, including the shaft impeller and housing.
|
|
|
|
shoring
|
The temporary support of trench during construction in
|
|
|
|
spoils
|
Excavated material such as soil from the trench of a water main.
|
|
|
|
Spring line
|
Centerline of a pipeline
|
|
|
|
springline
|
the center of a pipe
|
|
|
|
Stringing
|
Laying out pipe line for installation
|
|
|
|
subgrade
|
Level layer of rock or earth upon which the foundation of a road or roadway is laid.
|
|
|
|
suction lift
|
negative pressure on a suction side of the pump. Pressure can be measured from the center line of the pump down to elevation of hydraulic grade line on the suction side of the pump.
|
|
|
|
What is a LEL
|
lower explosive limit
|
not personnel
|
|
|
What is a PEL
|
permissible exposure limit
|
|
|
|
What are the 3 responsibilities of a public water supplier?
|
basic,
|
|
|
|
What are the three examples of public water usage?
|
basic,
|
|
|
|
What are the main components of a water system?
|
basic,
|
|
|
|
What are the main components of a water system?
|
basic,
|
|
|
|
Which of the following is not likely to prevent a water quality issue in a groundwater system?
|
Advanced,
Harness a turbidity b iron c bacteria d |
|
|
|
Peak daily consumption may be 2.5 times the daily average true or false
|
True or false
|
|
|
|
What is an MCL?
|
Basic, maximum contaminate level
|
|
|
|
Why is turbidity a primary contaminant?
|
basic,
|
|
|
|
How much is the water conservation fee?
|
basic,3 cent per 1000 gallons is collected
|
|
|
|
What is a net Nephelometer?
|
basic,
|
|
|
|
How long must bacteriological and chemical sampling results be kept?
|
basic,
|
|
|
|
A public water system is any system that serves a population greater than or equal to?
|
25. 50. 100?
|
|
|
|
What is the maximum total chlorine residual allowed by the disinfectant- disinfection by-products rule?
|
2 yes
,4,6,8,mg/l |
|
|
|
What type of contaminant is iron?
|
a primary inorganic b primary organic c secondary,
|
|
|
|
Which primary contaminant is sometimes added to water supplies to prevent tooth decay?
|
Is it fluoride iron arsenic or mercury C fluoride
|
|
|
|
Failure of a public water system to comply with the drinking water regulations must be reported to in me D within how many hours?
|
12 48 4 days or 1 week
|
|
|
|
Advanced which primary inorganic contaminant poses an immediate health risk?
|
adv,
|
|
|
|
Advanced when you get a positive total coliform sample result what is the maximum number of retakes required?
|
adv,
|
|
|
|
What are the action levels for LED and copper?
|
adv,
|
|
|
|
iF bacteriological retakes are done this month what is the maximum number of samples that must be turned in next month?
|
adv,
|
|
|
|
It's a 3 - log removal is required for Guardia Lamblia what percentage of organisms can survive and still need the requirements?
|
adv,
|
|
|
|
The MCL for total trihalomethanes is?
|
Point .08 milligrams per liter point 1,point 2, or 2.0mg/l
|
|
|
|
Ground water systems must sample for inorganic chemicals every?
|
Month day year or 3 years
|
|
|
|
How many bacterial logical symbols must be taking every month before a system is allowed to have to positive samples without violating the drinking water standard?
|
10 20 40 or 60
|
|
|
|
What is called the blank solvent ?
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
What are the two sources of water?
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
What is the word used to identify water that is safe to drink?
|
Potable
|
|
|
|
Water cycles from the atmosphere to the earth and back to the atmosphere. What is the national water cycle call?
|
Hydrologic cycle
|
|
|
|
Precipitation?
|
The process by which atmosphere moisture is discharged on to the earth's crust it takes the form of rain snow hail or sleet.
|
|
|
|
forest canopy
|
Enclosure by the trees in the forest it blocks most of the light from the forest floor
|
|
|
|
Overland flow ,,organic
|
The movement of water on in just under the earth's crust and chemical substance of an animal or vegetable origin usually containing carbon.
|
|
|
|
Bacteria?
|
Living organism microscopic in size with single cell most utilize organic matter for their food and make a waste as the result of their life processes
|
|
|
|
Viruses and protozoa
|
Va sub microscopic organisms which passes through filters capable of removing bacteria and a small one celled animal including but not limited to amoeba celiates in flagellates
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
Chemical substance of mineral origin not usually contains carbon
|
|
|
|
infiltration
|
Initial movement of water from the earth's surface into the soil
|
|
|
|
Transpiration
|
Process by which water vapor is lost to the atmosphere from living plants
|
|
|
|
Percolation
|
Movement of water into and through the ground
|
|
|
|
Aquifer
|
Hey porous water bearing geologic formations
|
|
|
|
Water is called a blank solvent
|
Basic
|
|
