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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How does Cl affect fish?
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1.0 - causes problems
.37 - max. fish can tolerate .25 - only hardest fish can survive |
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What problems do phosphates create in a pond?
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Algae grows.
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How much Cl is need to kill bacteria in water?
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< .5 mg/l
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Give the hardness range:
Soft Water _____ Moderately Hard Water _____ Hard Water _____ Very Hard Water _____ |
0 - 60
61 - 120 121 - 180 181 + |
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Do plants produce CO2?
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Yes
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What causes limestone to dissolve?
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water turned acid by CO2
-H20+CO2->H2CO3 |
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How do nitrates enter a body of water?
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Rain water washes it into waterways
- farm fert. runoff/lawn |
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What does pH stand for?
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Potential for hydrogen ion concentration
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Why are nitrates so short-lived?
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B/c they're quickly converted into nitrates by bacteria
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Below ____ ppm all fish will die
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3
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Good fish waters average ____ ppm dissolved oxygen
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9
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Fish can usually tolerate CO2 levels up to ____ ppm.
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20
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Name five ways in which phosphates enter a stream.
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1.) Pesticides
2.) Detergents 3.) Soils 4.) Phosphate rich rocks 5.) dead animals |
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How much oxygen will a fish use at 5 degrees Celsuis?
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60 mg of O2 per hour
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How much oxygen will a fish use at 25 degrees Celsuis?
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300 mg. of 02 per hour
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How much phosphate is necessary to accelerate the eutrophication process in lakes?
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Eutrophication - enrichment of a body of water by nutrients
.25 mg/l |
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If algae grows to excessive levels in a stream, what may happen to the aquatic life?
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Aquatic life will diminish from reduced O2 levels.
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What disease is caused in humans if exposed to nitrogen?
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Blue Baby
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What are trihalomenthanes
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Compounds made from free Cl mixed w/ decaying materials?
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What two minerals are responsible for hard water?
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Calcium + magnesium
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H2SO4+CaCO3 = ?
H2CO3+SO3 = ? |
H2CO3+CaSO4
H2SO4 |
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Name several factors that would be responsible for a decrease in the oxygen levels of a stream?
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-Overfertilization by nitrates + phosphates.
-Too many cloudy days -Too much bacteria |
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Metaphosphate polyphosphate
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used for treating boiler waters
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organic phosphate
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important in nature, and may result from breakdown of organic pestides
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What problems will be created if phosphates enter drinking water?
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Nothing really, unless high concentration
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Why are carbonates very important to a stream?
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Buffer acids
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Why is soft water a serious problem for humans?
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increases chance of heart attack
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What effect would nitrates have on phytoplankton?
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It simulates their growth
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What is chlorine?
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A greenish-yellow poisonous gas that dissolves easily in water
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What is organic nitrogen?
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Found in proteins and other compounds
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What substances become very toxic to fish if they are living in an acid environment?
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Aluminum, lead, or mercury;
Al, Pb, Hg |
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What is the chemical symbol for calcium carbonate?
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CaCO3
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What is the desirable pH range for trout?
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6.5 - 8.6
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Co2 chemically combines with water to produce _____________?
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carbonic acid
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What is the source of CO2 from water in a stream?
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Resperiation from plants
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What is the natural source for water hardness?
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Limestone rock dissolve by water
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ppm = ?
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mg/l
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Which water is best to wash clothes in/
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soft
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Amt of phos-phos in most uncotaminated lakes
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.01 - .03 mg/l
phos-phos = phosphate - phosphorus |
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Describe problems associated with CO2+ H2O -> H2CO3
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This just makes things worse. pH + acid -> pH lowers and becomes more acidic.
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What si the recommended max of phosphate for rivers and streams
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.1 mg/l
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What is the chemical symbol for Carbon Dioxide?
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CO 2
CO - comes from burning oil, gas, etc. |
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Why is soft water a serious problem for aquatic life?
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Soft water makes nonmetals more poisonous
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Name three ways that nitrates enter a stream.
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1.) Car exhaust
2.) Leaking septic tanks 3.) Animal Waste |
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How does oxygen get into streams?
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Diffusion, rapids, photosyn.
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What is synergism?
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When 2 or more sub. combine and produce effects greater than their sum
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Why do lakes tend to become more acidic as they age?
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Organic material builds up and forms carbonic acid
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Where int he body are the nitrates converted to the dangerous nitrites?
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Human Intestine
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Describe the chemical properties for CO2.
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CO2 is an odorless, colorless gas.
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When are CO2 levels the highest? Why?
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at night. Because that's when plants preform respiration
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Why is soem phosphorus needed in a strea?
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It stimulates growth of plankton + animals and water plants.
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Orthophosphate
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found in sewage
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Why might chlorine be present in a stream?
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textiles; paper mills; swimming pools; sewage treat. plate
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What removes CO2 from water in a stream/
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Photosynthesis
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Each unit change on the pH scales actually is a ____ fold change in concentration
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10
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What disease is caused in fish if nitrites are present?
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Brown Blood Disease
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How much of the worlds oxygen is produced by phytoplankton
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75%
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What is inorganic nitrogen?
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gaseous nitrate, nitrite, NO CARBON
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Describe chlorines chemical properties?
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pH lowers - Cl more poisonous
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What pH range is best for fish?
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6.5-8.2
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CO2 + H20 = ?
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H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
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Why are trihalomenthanes an important consideration?
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They are a cancerous to humans
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Describe how plants produce CO2
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Respiration at night
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