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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WasteWater that contains DO, Biologically reduce sulfate to sulfide |
False, reduces sulfides to sulfates |
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ph below 5 all sulfide is gaseous H2S form most released from WW |
True |
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BASE is produced by nitrification... |
False, base is by product Denitrification |
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DO levels of 3 to 4mg/L cause ciliates & rotifers to decline |
True
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Gravity belt thickener binding is caused by under dosing polymer. |
False, overdosing pollymer |
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High temps in thermal reactor's sterilizes sludge and Bio activity, subsequent gas should not occur. |
True
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Excessive air rates in aerobic digesters help to settle sludge |
False, DO's above 1.0 do nothing but waste money |
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Polymer tanks can be set outside with little effect |
False |
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Polymers break down from extreme heat and UV rays |
True, store containers indoors |
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Belt filter press is washing out, check the drum speed |
True, check drum & polymer feed |
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Gravity filters operate on batch basis |
True, Gravity Belt Thickeners or GBT run constantly. |
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Fluidized media bed has backwash flowing through the media bed |
True |
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Membrane FLUX is the rate of PERMEATE passing through the membrane |
True
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If chemical dose is correct and particles fail to coagulate, inspect applied water for changes |
True, Most plants use potable water to avoid coagulation failure |
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Increasing head loss is due to excessive chemical application dosages |
True, chemical dosing changes the specific gravity
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Enhanced Bio treatment flexibility is achieved by installing various treatment processes |
False, by Process control |
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Solids from Anoxic zone should be wasted instead recycled to head of treatment facility |
False, returned to head of plant |
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Bulking conditions are caused by High SVI's and Low DO levels |
True, also filamentous LOVE High SVI & low DO's
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Anoxic zones are easy to control during times of high DO in influent |
False, Anoxic zones must be free of DO |
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Sensing of process flows in waterworks practice are done inferentially. |
True |
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A primary element or sensor is the first system element that responds quantitatively to the measured variable. |
True |
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Corrective maintenance does not involve significant repairs. |
False, it Corrects ineffective equipment |
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When shutting down PSI, flow or level measuring systems turn off all components. |
False, leave componets on for moisture control |
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INCREASING pH of WW is an effective odor control method for Hydrogen sulfide |
True, and Hydrogen peroxide will help eliminate Hydrogen Sulfide |
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Hazard classification, of spent carbon in odor control, is not a consideration in disposable. |
false, it is a consideration a Hazardous Material |
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Common source of sulfide in wastewater or collection is chemical toxins |
false, biological activity |
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Ozone, for odor control is limited due to storage |
false, Limited due to cost |
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Cathode scale is removed with caustic soda |
false, use dilute nitric acid |
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Hydrogen peroxide reduces odors by oxidant action, by producing oxygen and bactericidal to sulfate reducing bacteria |
true |
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pure oxygen activated sludge system is a modification of AIR activated sludge system |
true |
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PSA Oxygen system is installed in Large plants |
False, Installed smaller plants |
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Operation by F/M ratio should be made by daily caculations. |
False, 7 day moving Avg. |
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Cyanide combines with acidic wastes to form the toxic gas HCN |
true,
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Acid is produced by nitrification... |
true ... and Base is produced by denitrification |
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Close visual monitoring of centrifuge is recommended. |
True, Centrifuges become unbalanced |
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Pressure reduces boiling when thermally conditioning sludge |
True, this is also true at high altitutes |
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Alum is non corrosive when mixed with water |
False, and Alum is slippery then a oiled eel
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Polyelectrolytes dissolve poorly |
false, easy to dissolve |
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Aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic never overlap |
false, always overlap |
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Alum is better under "fed or dosed" then Overdosed |
true, under dose Alum is preferable |
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Ammonia stripping is better with low pH |
False, High pH |
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Breakpoint occurs when chlorine is added at a quantity to complete oxidation of ammonia nitrogen. |
true, Over the breakpoint is the chlorine residual |
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Sufficient Alkalinity is needed, in influent of aeration basin, for ammonia to be converted to nitrate with a near neural pH. |
True, and in AWS processes the alkalinity comes from the Anoxic zone |
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Anoxic reduction of nitrogen gains alkalinity in denitrification zone so if needed, the application of metal salts is before denitrification.
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True, but Most well run Anoxic zones do not need metal salts |
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The baffles between stages in enhanced SVI control must be water tight. |
False |
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Crops use nitrogen in ammonia and nitrate forms only. |
True, Crops use ortho-nitrogen |
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Excessive defoamers from pulp mills have little to No DO demands. |
False, Pulp mills have HIGH DO demands
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Denitrification adds acid to the system |
False, adds base |
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Use Cationic polymers in the summer |
True, less heat sensitive |
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Use ANIONIC polymersin winter |
True, polymers are affected by reduction in temperature |
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Plate and Frame Filter press operates in batch modes. |
True, Batch mode |
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Chemically Stabilized & Wet Oxidation are suited for compost operation. |
False, Digesters |
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Agglomerated solids particle units easily re-disperse. |
False, Agglomerated is defined as they holding together |
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Sodium Absorption Rate is referred to as |
SAR |
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Lime precipitate containing phosphorus is removed from WW stream, recycle to back through the plant. |
True, P can be absorbed in fermentation zone |
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Population of nitrifying bacteria is not limited by quantity of Ammonia in WW. |
FLASE, it is limited by the amount of NH3 available |
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Vigorous aeration raises the PH. |
True Aeration freshens low DO's that cause septicity |
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Differential pressure flow measuring devices need little preventive maintenance because the lack moving parts. |
true, no moving Parts, no fuss
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The order microorganisms break down compounds: 1. molecular oxygen (free DO) 2. nitrate 3. 4. 5.
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3. sulfates 4. oxidized organics 5. carbon dioxide |
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Two methods of Carbon regeneration in Rectifiers is HOT AIR or the chemical - Sodium Hydroxide |
True, plenty of Hot Air on hand in WW plants |
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S.O.U.R. define |
Specific Oxygen Utilization Rate |
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TSS % typically removed by Primary Clarifier? |
TSS 40% to 60% |
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Most Common type of Level Control System? |
BUBBLER, back pressure of tube mounted level with pump volute |
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Which Activated Sludge growth has: Lowest F/M Lowest Sludge yield Poor Oxygen efficiency HIGH SRT |
EXTENDED Aeration, 18 - 24 hrs. most CBOD consumed reducing F/M
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S.R.T Sludge Residency Time formula? |
MLSS lbs in Aerator ______________________ lbs/day of TSS removal |
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D.A.F. Sludge Process |
Dissolved Air Flotation |
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Dissolved Air Floatation method uses this control? |
Addition of Air & saturated recycle water to float sludge. |
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Typical RAS "return" % Extended Aeration Activated Sludge?
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75 % to 100% |
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Class B biosolids FECAL Coliform limits? |
No more the 2 million parts per gram EPA rule # 503 |
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Class A biosolids FECAL COLIFORM limits? |
No more then 1000 parts per gram |
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Liquid CHLORINE to WATER relationship?
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CL2 is 1.5 heaver then H20 CL2 will sink to bottom of pool |
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COMPONET responsible for creating Vacuum in chlorinator? |
GAS injector |
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COMPONET responsible for converting Liquid Chlorine to GAS? |
Evaporator |
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What happened to DIGESTER pH if Carbon Dioxide is trapped in sludge? |
pH increases carbon dioxide is acidic
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What area does Nitrification occur? |
Aerobic Zone, nitrification is purely an Aerobic process
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The term "Anaerobic" meaning in regards to the state of oxygen? |
Only Oxygen present is COMBINED or bound with other chemicals. As in No3
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What happens to OZONE residuals when ozonized effluents increase in CBOD5 levels? |
The Demand Increases The Residual Deceases (just like chlorine) |
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Does the Alkalinity increase or decrease during DE-nitrification? |
INCREASE's nitrification puts alkalinity back into water at a rate of 3.6 lbs per lb of nitrate used
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What rate does Nitrification consume alkalinity? |
7.2 lbs per ONE pound of Ammonia Nitrogen |
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What type of bacteria is responsible for stabilizing ORGANIC materials in CBOD5? |
Heterophic, the carbon eaters can obtain oxygen from DO or combined oxygen like NO3 or NO2
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% solids typical of GBT's (gravity belt thickeners) |
4 % to 8 % |
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Common gases & VOLUME %'s in healthy anaerobic digesters (two)
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70 % Methane or CH 4 30 % Carbon Dioxide or CO2 |
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What is the equivalent in % solids of a sludge sample concentrate of 15,700 mg/l ? (divide by ? ) |
15,700 mg/l = 1.57 % 10,000 |
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% solids removed in PRIMARY clarifier? |
25 % to 30 % |
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PRIMARY clarifier acceptable loading rates (always in gpd / sq ft) |
800 to 1200 gpd / ft2 gallons per day/ per square foot |
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What is the correct Incubation temperature for BOD test? 20'c or 68'f |
20'C and 68'F incubation temps for BOD test
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"Pista Grit" system works on ? |
Forced Vortex, wtf |
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Is the toxic Hydrogen Sulfide gas heaver then Air? |
YES, settles to bottom of manholes, wet and dry wells.
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Which type of Activated Sludge Process has F/M ratio of .2 to .5 SRT of 5 to 15 days (solid retention time) |
CONVENTIONAL |
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Typical F/M ratio in the declining growth phase? |
0.2 to 0.5 |
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What Activated Sludge process RE-Aerates RAS, before introducing it to WW influent? |
Contact Stabilization |
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What's the Typical F/M ratio in endogenous respiration declining growth phase? |
0.05 to 1.5 also CBOD is reduced & F/M lower |
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What is the equivalent in % solids if a concentrate is 14,200 mg/L? (divide by ?) |
14,200 = 1.42% 10,000 |
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The Aeration mode or process to dilute a high demand influent loads? |
Step Feed, combines influent, w/ RAS |
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The Bugs are MOST active, & oxygen utilization MOST efficient? |
LOG GROWTH phase |
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Low DO + Low F/M = Increase's what microbe? |
that Bad- FILAMENTOUS Bacteria. |
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What growth phase is predominate in Extended Aeration? |
Endogenous also high SRT's & Low F/M |
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Straggler Flock in secondary Clarifier is caused by what 3 conditions? |
Overloaded with high CBOD5's High F/M Low SRT's (solid retention time) |
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Pin Flock in secondary Clarifier is caused by what 3 conditions? |
Old, over oxidized sludge Low F/M High SRT (old sludge) |
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What is the difference between SRT - Solid Retention Time MCRT- Mean Cell Retention Time? |
SRT total solids vs. MCRT volatile solids |
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RR is Respiration Rate the formula is? |
Oxygen Uptake Rate or OUR mg/l/hr MLVSS gm/L
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What are the Ammonia oxidizing bacteria with LOW yielding sludge's? |
Autotrophic Bacteria the nitrifies |
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Bacteria group that produces high yield sludge's as a result of Assimilation? |
Heterotrophic, Carbon eaters Denitrifies |
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Indicator organisms that are dominate with Low SRT's or young sludge? |
Free Swimming Ciliates swim baby swim... |
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Indicator organisms dominate in old sludge? |
Rotifers & Water Bears |
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High DO in Aerators mean low Ammonia in it's Effluents and more complete______________? |
Nitrification However, High - excessive DO's Reduce denitrification, shucks
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Which microorganisms are most responsible for stabilization of organic materials? |
Bacteria
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High MLSS with or with out Filamentous bacteria will settle slow or fast? |
Slooow |
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Effluent CBOD are high, what's the problem, jack. |
Aeration rates are low, low DO's cause CBOD's not to be completely oxidized or consumed & converted. That's a fact jack. |
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Filamentous Bacteria Love to grow and multiply in Low _____________ & Low_____________. |
Low DO's Low CBOD's grow rapidly in Do's 0.4 to 0.8 |
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A concentrate of sludge solids is 15,250 mg/L. What is it's % equal ? (divide by ?) |
15,250 mg/L = 1.53% rounded-up 10,000 |
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Reducing DO has what effect on denitrification? |
It improves denitrification! |
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Given the "Fate of Phosphorus" profile, why does Total Phosphorus reduce in the Anoxic zone? |
The denitrification reactions Anoxic zone consuming CBOD's the Phosphorus bugs are able to absorbed Phosphorus. |
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Is Chlorine heavier then water? See pool bottom... |
Chlorine is 1.5 times heavier |
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tragically Biologically-Bound Phosphorus is being released in secondary clarifier, Why? |
Your Low RAS rate has created anoxic and fermentation zones. |
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Chlorine is fatal XXX when inhaled at what ppm. ( parts per million) |
1000 ppm remember XXX OOO's |
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The flock on GBT (gravity belt thickener) is small and not dewatering well, what do you adjust? |
Decrease mixing, Over mixing shears flock, even when additional Polymer is added. |
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There is white FOAM on the GBT what is the problem? (Gravity Belt Thickener) |
Polymer overdose! At this point the belts are binding with polymer. Stop, clean and restart the GBT. |
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Gravity Belt Thickener, GBT, expected % reduction? |
GBT reduces solids 4% to 8% |
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Does the GBT's "polymer conditioned " sludge Float or sink? It's specific gravity is less then 1.02. |
Float- like a boat, Materials with a specific gravity less then 1.02 will float. |
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The Dissolved Air Floatation, DAF, has two methods of adjusting air saturation. Name them. |
Increase/decrease RECYCLE WATER Increase/decrease VOLUME of AIR
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Typical Total Suspended Solids, TSS, from GBT (gravity belt thickener) in ppm and mg/L |
50 to 100 ppm or mg/L ppm = mg/L parts per million = milligrams per liter |
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DAF, Dissolved Air Floatation, typical solids % ? |
DAF Solids concentration 3% to 5% This crap floats! |
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As Anaerobic Digester Carbon Dioxide Gas increases it effects performance, how? |
CO2 increases performance degrades |
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Methane gas from well run digester will be at what % and what is the symbol? |
CH4 is 70% |
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In an anaerobic digester CH4 forming bacteria convert V________ A________ to M_____________ ? |
Volatile acids to Methane Methane is CH4 |
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Which form of nitrogen is usually highest in Anaerobic Digester supernatant? |
Ammonia, All forms of Nitrogen are converted to ammonia in digester. |
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Opps, Digester needs sodium bicarbonate, what will this increase?
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increase pH Increase Alkalinity |
