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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speed and time to reach the plant |
Needs to travel minimum 2 feet per second Reach the treatment plan within 48 hours from the furthest part of the county or jurisdiction it serves |
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Manholes |
Placed 300 to 500 feet apart to check in monitor for sewage leaks |
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Heaviest flow of sewage |
Between 3 to 9 p.m. |
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Average water usage |
Average American uses 50 to 100 gallons of water per day |
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Domestic waste |
Sanitary waste out of home, General business and institution from toilet, showers, sink Etc |
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Industrial Waste |
Wastewater discharged from Manufacturing plant such as restaurants, hospitals, meet processors, refineries Etc |
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Groundwater |
Can infiltrate sewer system by cracks in sewer pipe |
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Storm drain runoff |
This is waste water that is generated from rainstorm sources and groundwater runoffs. |
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NPDES National pollution discharge elimination system |
Federal law that prohibits the draining of any type of Wastewater on to public streets. |
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Leachate |
Liquid waste coming out of the ground at refuse landfills. Can be from rainfall seeping into landfill or liquid waste intentionally dumped at landfill. |
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Wastewater physical characteristic |
99.8% water and 0.2% solid concentration
Fresh waste water also called grey water 50% of solid is putrescible (organically degradable) |
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Preliminary treatment |
Bar screening removes large objects Grit removal removes Sand and Gravel Pre aeration freshens Wastewater by introducing oxygen and helps remove oil and floating scum Flow meter measures rate of flow Chlorine is optional |
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Primary treatment |
Sedimentation also known as clarification tanks, remove solids that can settle, and other floating debris. Flocculation or coagulation, flocculation is physical process to Clump up harder to settle smaller solids and regulation is when they mix and quag you late into bigger solids. Alum, electrolytic polymers and Bentonite are used |
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Thermophilic |
113- 158f |
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Mesophilic |
59- 112F |
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Psychrophillic |
35- 50F cold zone |
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Surface disposal |
Surface disposal pipes drain liquid onto land |
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Tile fields disposal |
Shallow underground collection of pipes, tiles segmented loosely to allow water to percolate |
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Subsurface disposal |
Leach lines laid 2-5 feet underground l, perforated pipes (4 inch thick) |
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Dilution disposal |
Dispose waste water to large body of water, no longer allowed. |
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Secondary treatment |
Collects raw sludge and relocates for sludge digestion, bio/chemical/physical treatment (further removal of solids and dissolved solids of waste water) |
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Tertiary treatment |
Filtration- to remove partilces/color/odor Disinfection - destroys pathogenic bacteria Used mainly for reclaimed water |
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Aerobic treatment process |
Activated sludge, trickling filter, oxidation ponds composting, subsurface disposal fields. |
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Anaerobic treatment process |
Sludge digestion, methane production, septic tanks, composting |
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Stabilization pond (lagoonization) |
Holds volume of water for period of time at shallow depths (3-5 feet) to promote aerobic activity and purify water ( technique called lagoonization). Remains for 45-60 days before use |
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Sludge |
Solid portion of waste water |
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Raw sludge |
Most biologically active, high potential to turn septic - fresh sewage just collected |
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Activated sludge |
Aerobic treatment process Contains biological Agents that digest sludge into inorganic materials, aka "mixed liquor" |
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Digested sludge |
Product of total anaerobic digestion- Most stable - resembles coffee grounds, can be added to soil as soil conditioning source |
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Pit privy |
Simple dug hole, only used in past, now only for emergencies |
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Cesspool |
Wastewater designed to sleep into ground from cesspool vault |
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Septic tanks |
If can't connect to sewer, then next best option is septic tank system. Waste water retained in multi-compartment tank for 24 hrs where 60- 70% sludge settles |
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Pipe colors Purple Yellow Green Blue Red White |
P - reclaimed water Y - gas, oil, steam G - sewer B - potable water R - electrical W - leach lines |
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Pitiless adaptor |
Allow you to connect your water pipe fromvypur water well pump to an underground discharge, to go to your house. |
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Sludge in acidic state, health state forms what gases |
65% methane 34% carbon dioxide <1% hydrogen sulfide |
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Net time |
Time waste water spends in septic tank, approx 24 hrs for house |
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Septic tank capacity 2 bd 3bd |
2 - 750 gallon minimum 3 - 1000 gallon minimum |
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Leach line requirements |
Not exceed 100ft 2-3 feet below surface Slope 6inches for every 100 feet |
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pH range of waste water |
6-9.0 |
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Fresh waste water vs septic waste |
Fresh - gray, cloudy, musty odor Septic - If let stand, will decompose and turn BLACK (generated by hydrogen sulfide). caused by anaerobic decomposition Rotten egg smell from hydrogen sulfide. |
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Organic solid in waste water |
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen molecules |
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Inorganic solids in waste water |
Minerals, salts, sand, gravels, dirt and silt |
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Collodial |
The minute solid matter stays in suspension in waste water |
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Salts in waste water |
Dissolved solids in waste water |
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Saprophytic bacteria |
General bacteria that feeds on all types of dead organic matter |
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Preliminary treatment |
1. Bar screens - collects papers, rags etc 2. Grit chambers - these chambers (usually 2) slows down spped of sewage coming in allowing the heavier solids (sand, dirt,gravel etc) to settle. |
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Primary treatment |
1. Scum, foam oil removal - scum skimmers skim top of waste water
2. Sedimentation / clarification tanks - settle smaller solids (collection of solids called sludge)
3. Chemicals feed units for Flocculation / coagulation
4. Aeration tanks
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Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) |
Measures the dissolved oxygen level of waste water that is used up by bacteria 10mg/l of dissolved oxygen is what normal water holds 21mg/l of dissolved oxygen can be used by raw sewage |
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Dissolved oxygen, cold vs warm |
Cold water holds more dissolved oxygen |
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3 things for judging quality of waste water |
1. Biological oxygen demand 2. Total solids 3. Volatile solids |
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BOD b4 and after treatment |
200mg/l vs 120 |
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Total solids before and after treatment |
800 mg/l vs 600 |
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Volatile solids b4 n after |
440 mg/l vs 300 |
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Secondary treatment |
Filters (biofilters) to provide 1. More oxygen to filtered medium 2. Provide more surface area for aerobic bacteria to live on and work on waste matters. Filters type are alternate sand, rapid sand etc and use of aeration |
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Tertiary treatment |
Many large plants not conducted as 2nd is sufficient for water to be disposed to large bodies of water May be involved in additional filter and disinfection |
