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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
RBC
|
Red Blood Count
4.7-6.1 (M) 4.2-5.4 (F) millions/uL |
|
HgB
|
hemoglobin
14-18 (M) 12-16 (F) g/dL |
|
HCT
|
hematocrit
42-52 (M) 37-47 (F) % |
|
MCV
|
mean cell volume
80-96 fL (1X10^-15 L) |
|
MCH
|
mean cell hemoglobin
(average weight of Hb/cell) 27-31 picograms |
|
MCHC
|
mean cell Hb concentration
33-37 g/dL |
|
RDW
|
red cell distribution width
11.5-14.5 % |
|
How do RBC vary based on age?
|
Red cells are highest at birth (RBC, Hb, Hct)
30% are Hb F At 3 months Hb F decreases to normal level (2%) Number of red cells remains stable until puberty, then male values exceed female Nubmer of red cells does not decrease as part of aging |
|
Hemoglobin
|
how much hemoglobin (in grams) is in one deciliter of blood
|
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Hematocrit
|
Tells you the volume of packed red blood cells in a given volume of whole blood
|
|
what is the numerical relationship between hemoglobin and hematocrit?
|
hematocrit = 3 x hemoglobin
|
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RDW
|
-Red cell distribution width
-how varied the sizes of the red cells are -cv of mcv |
|
reticulocyte count
|
percentage of reticulocytes circuling in the blood
|
|
does a reticulocyte count come with CBC?
|
NO
|
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Why is methylene blue used in reticulocyte count?
|
methylene blue identifies the precipitated RNA
|
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How do you recognize lead toxicity be looking at RBCs?
|
basophilic stippling
|
|
Low MCV
|
1. Iron deficiency anemia
2. Hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell, thalassemias, etc) 3. Anemia of chronic disease 4. Copper deficiency 5. Lead poisoning (decreased heme synthesis) |
|
schistocyte
|
helmet cell
- DIC - TTP |
|
Acanthocyte
|
thorn cell
- liver disease - atrifact (from poor preparation of the slide) |
|
Target Cells
|
1. Result of redundant red cell membrane/ decreased cell volume
2. Hemoglobinopathies/thalassemias 3. Iron deficiency anemia 4. Drug-induced hemolytic anemia 5. Liver disease |
|
Rouleaux
|
RBCs abnormally adhere to each other due to increased immunoglobulin production
-Multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, infection -Artifact |
|
Howell Jolly Bodies
|
-Remants of nuclear chromatin normally removed by the spleen
-Seen in surgically or functionally asplenic patients and patients on dialysis |
|
Spherocytes
|
no central pallor
seen in hereditary spherocytosis |
|
What are the 2 most common sites of bone marrow production in adults?
|
Hip pelvic bone
Sternum |
|
What are the steps to electrophoresis of hemoglobin?
|
1. lyse red cells
2. separate out Hb 3. apply it to the gel 4. apply a current |
|
What proteins are in serum?
|
Albumin (main component)
Microglobulins -Alpha 1 (alpha 1 antitrypsin), Alpha 2 -Beta 1, Beta 2 (predicts change in immunoglobulin production; used to assess disease activity of multiple myeloma) -Immunoglobulins: IgG, M, A, >>>E, D |
|
Electrophoresis
|
-Use to separate and quantitate serum protein including hemoglobin
-Separates different proteins based upon their phsical and chemical properties -Mobility of protein depends on molecular weight and charge |
|
Basic panel
|
Sodium
Potassium Chloride CO2 BUN Creatinine Glucose Calcium |
|
Comprehensive Panel
|
Sodium
Potassium Chloride CO2 BUN Creatinine Glucose Calcium Total Protein Albumin AST ALT Alkaline Phosphatase Total Bilirubin |
|
What do we do with the core?
|
use it to determine cellularity
|
|
What do we do with the bone marrow aspirate?
|
Flow Cytometery (to help with cell lineage)
Cytogenetics (must be when cells are in metaphase) Fish |
|
Blast Cells
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
<5
|
|
Promyelocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
3.6 - 13.0
|
|
Neutrophil Myelocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
4.0 - 20.0
|
|
Metamyelocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
1.0 - 7.0
|
|
Neutrophils
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
Male: 20.0 - 46.0
Female: 30.0 - 47.0 |
|
Eosinophils
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
0.4 - 4.0
|
|
Basophils
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
<1.0
|
|
Monocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
0.0 - 3.2
|
|
Erythroblasts
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
Male: 18.0 - 40.0
Female: 14.0 - 30.0 |
|
Lymphocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
5.0 - 20.0
|
|
Plasma Cells
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
0.0 - 1.4
|
|
What is in a white cell differential
|
Neutrophils
Bands Lymphs Monos Eos Basos Other |
|
What is the mnemonic for a differential (largest percentage to smallest)?
|
Never let men eat bologna.
Neutrophils, Lymphs, Monos, Eos, Basos |
|
Basophilic Stippling
|
Punctate basophilic precipitation of undegraded RNA
A sign of ineffective hematopoiesis Seen in lead toxicity |
|
PICC
|
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
inserted in the basophilic vein tip is in the superior vena cava/right atrium border DONT PUT IN RIGHT ATRIUM --> could trigger arrythmia |