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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
During what week do the body cavities begin to form? what structure/space is seen?
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4th week, intraembryonic coelom
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What is the U-shaped space seen during body cavity developmen?
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the intraembryonic coelom
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What does the intraembryonic coelom give rise to?
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The pericardial cavity, pleural cavity, and peritoneal cavity
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Where is the septum transversum located during the 4th week?
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cephalically, from superior to inferiore: septum transversum, pericardial coelom/developing heart, oropharyngeal membrane, and then developing brain.
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The intracellular clefts that create the intraembryonic coelom are formed in what mesoderm?
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lateral plate mesoderm
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What is intraembryonic (or extra) parietal lateral plate mesoderm analgous to?
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SOMATIC lat. plate mesoderm.
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What is the Visceral lat. plate mesoderm analgous to?
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SPLANCHNIC lat. plate mesoderm
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When the overlying structure; ectoderm is 'combined' with the parietal lat. plate mesoderm what is this called?
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somatopleure
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what is the endoderm + splanchnic late. plate called?
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splanchnopleure
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Cells of the somatic mesoderm lining the intraembryonic cavity become mesothelial and form the __ layer of the serous membranes lining the outside of th periotneal, pleural and pericardial cavities.
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PARIETAL
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Cells of the __________ mesoderm layer form the visceral layer of the serous membranes covering the abdominal organs, lungs and heart.
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splanchnic mesoderm layer
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Visceral and Parietal layers are continous with each other as the ____ _____.
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dorsal mesentery; suspends the gut tube in the peritoneal cavity.
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__________ __________ exists only from the caudal forgut to the upper portion of the duodenum and results from thinning of the mesoderm of the Septum transversum.
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Ventral mesentery.
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The dorsal and ventral mesentery are ______ layer(s) of peritoneum that provide a pathway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to the organs.
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double
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The __________ ___________ is a thick plate of mesodermal tissue occupying the space between the thoracic cavity and the stalk of the yolk sac.
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septum transversum
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What are the large openings left because the septum transversum is not connected with the posterior portion of the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
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pericardioperitoneal canals - on each side of the foregut.
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In what space do the lung buds expand?
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in the pericardioperitoneal canals
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When the pericardioperitoneal canals are too small for the large expansion of the lungs where do they go and what are they found posterior to?
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in the the mesenchyme of the body wall dorsallly, laterall, and ventrally. - ventral and lateral expansion is posterior to the pleuropericardial folds.
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The pleuroperitoneal membranes are extensions of what?
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pleuropericardial folds.
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What do the pleuropericardial membranes contain?
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the phrenic nerve and common cardinal veins.
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When the pleuropericardial membranes fuse what do they create?
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they fuse with eachother, root of the lungs, and the thoracic cavity is divided into the definitive pericardial cavity and the two pleural cavities.
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in the adult, the pleuropercardial membranes form the?
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fibrous pericardium
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Upon folding of the embryo the septum transversum moves ventrally...where is it located when it receives it's innervation?
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C3 - C5
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When do the pleuropericardial folds begin to emerge and develop?
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during the 5th week
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The closure of the pericardioperitoneal canals is somewhat closed off by the septum transversum, what structures finish the job?
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pleuroperitoneal membranes - both R and L.
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T/F the Left pleuropericardial canal is larger than the R pleuropericardial canal/
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true; this can lead to clinical problems when discussing the closing completed by the pleuroperitoneal membranes.
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What structures comprise the Diaphragm?
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Septum Transversum: gives rise to central tendon
Pleuroperitoneal membranes: bulk of muscle Body wall mesoderm: (somatic LPM) - innervated by segmental spinal nerves T7-T12 - forms the muscular rim of the diaphragm. Mesentery of the esophagus |
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Further expansion of the pleural cavities relative to mesenchyme o the body wall adds a peripheral rim to he pleuroperitoneal membranes...once this rim is established, _________- originating in teh body wall penetrate the membranes to form the muscular part of the diaphragm.
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myoblasts
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The 3rd, 4th, and fifth cervical spinal segments give rise to what nerve?
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phrenic nerve
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How does the phrenic nerve end up being in the fibrous pericardium?
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At first they pass into the septum via pleuropercardial folds - further expansion of the lungs and escent of the septum shift the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm into the fibrou pericardium.
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The respositioning of the diaphragm is at the level of the throacic somites - ho does this occur?
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the respositioning of the diaphragm is caused by rapid growth of the dorsal part of the embryo (vertebral column), compared with that of the ventral part.
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What supplies the diaphragm with it's MOTOR and SENSORY innervation?
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phrenic nerves
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The most peripheral part of the diaphragm is derived from mesenchyme of the thoracic wall - thus what other nerves contribute to innervation of the diaphragm?
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some of the lower intercostal (thoracic) nerves contribute sensory fibers to the peripheral part of the diaphragm.
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How does a congential diaphragmatic hernia result?
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usually on the L side, pleural peritoneal membrane - L side bigger, so sometimes doesn't meet up with septum transversum = hole. - hole lets other things take place of the lung = pulmonary hypoplasia.
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What is EVENTRATION of the diaphragm?
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no differentiation of membrane and remain thin, no muscles or tendon abdominal contents push up and complications result. = pulmonary hypoplasia (bilaterally)
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Cleft Sternum, Umbilical hernia, omphalocele, castroschisis are all forms of what clinical correlation?
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body wall defects
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What body wall defect results in ectopia cordis?
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Cleft Sternum; no sternum - heart lies outside the body (may grow in later)
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what body wall defect results when the abdominal contents are found in the umbilical cord?
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umbilical hernia
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What body wall defect results when the body hasnt' come all the way together but an amnionic membrane is still present (extraembryonic parietal lat. plate mesoderm)
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omphalocele
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What is the most severe and low mortality rate body wall defect?
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Gastroschisis: parts of the intestine are outside the body completely, no amnion, the intestines die and the infant most likely dies as well.
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