Vta165-Pharmacology-Drug Classes

Front 1

Name the general drug classes

Back 1

⒈Antimicrobial
⒉Antiparasite
⒊Cardiac Drugs
⒋Respiratory System Drugs
⒌Gastrointestinal Drugs
⒍Renal/Urinary Drugs
⒎Analgesics

Front 2

Name the classes of Cardiac Drugs (5)

Back 2

1. Antiarrhythmics
2. Diuretics
3. Positive Inotropes
4. Catacholamines
5. Vasodilators

Front 3

Antiarrhythmics:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 3

1. Cardiovascular Drugs
2. Lidocaine: controls Na+ (Sodium) flow
3. Propranolol: negative inotrope
4. Verapamil & Diltiazem: block Ca+2 (Calcium) channels

Front 4

Diuretics:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 4

1. Cardiovascular
2. Furosemide*-common
Manitol-potassium sparing diuretic; given IV
3. Paraenteral (IV)-not long-term
4. *can cause
-Hypokalemia: abnormally low potassium (K) levels in blood
-Pulmonary Edema
-Ascites: fluid in abdomen area

Front 5

Positive Inotropes:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 5

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 6

Catacholamines:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 6

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 7

Vasodilators:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 7

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 8

Antitussives:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 8

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 9

Expectorants:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 9

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 10

Bronchodilators:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 10

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 11

Emetics:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 11

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 12

Antiemetics:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 12

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 13

Antidiarrheals:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 13

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 14

Laxatives:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 14

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 15

Antacids:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 15

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 16

Gastrointestinal Protectant:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 16

1.
2.
3.
4.

Front 17

Diuretic:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 17

1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Front 18

Urine Acidifiers:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions
5. What do they treat?

Back 18

1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions
5. Struvite Crystals

Front 19

Urine Alkalizers:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions
5. What do they treat?

Back 19

1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions
5. Oxalate Crystals

Front 20

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID):
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 20

1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Front 21

Glucocorticosteroids (Steroids):
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 21

1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Front 22

Narcotic:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 22

1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Front 23

Muscle Relaxants:
1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Back 23

1. What class?
2. Examples of drugs
3. Method(s) given
4. Side-effects/Cautions

Front 24

Local, Regional, & Topical Anesthetic Agents:
1. Class
2. When are they used;
-Cats
-Horses
-Bovine
3. Method(s) given

Back 24

1. Analgesia
2. Cats- Local Ax-to larynx for ET tube placement
Horses-lameness may be diagnosed w/a nerve block
Bovine-Regional Block to replace prolapsed uterus

Front 25

What do Diuretics do?

Back 25

-Reduce the water content of the body through various methods
-Help reduce Blood Pressure (reduces cardiac work)
-Help remove fluid from tissues

Front 26

Classes of Antimicrobial Drugs

Back 26

1.Aminoglycosides
2.Penicillins
3.Cephalosporins
4.Tetracyclines
5.Quinolones
6.Lincosamides / Macrolides
7.Sulfonamides
8.Antifungals
9.Antivirals

Front 27

Aminoglycosides
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 27

*Names end in -mycin, -micin
1.Antimicrobial
2.Bactericide
3.-Gentomicin
-Neomycin/Neosporin
4.Topical-(preferred), Enteral*
5.*Many of these drugs are Nephrotoxic (toxic to kidneys) and Ototoxic (toxic to hearing)

Front 28

Penicillins
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 28

*Names end in -cillin
1.Antimicrobial
2.Bacteriostatic
3.-Amoxicillin
-Clavamox
-Ampicillin
-Penicillin G-(injected)
4.Enteral, Paraenteral
5.Can cause nausea and vomitting-give w/food

Front 29

Cephalosporins
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 29

1.Antimicrobial
2.Bactericidal
3.-Cefazolin-(IV)
-Cephalexin
4.Paraenteral*
5.*These drugs need to be given extra slowly IV

Front 30

Tetracyclines
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 30

*Names end in -cycline
1.Antimicrobial
2.Bacteriostatic
3.-Tetracycline*
-Doxycycline
-Oxytetracycline
4.Enteral
5.*Tetracycline-causes tooth discoloration (green) in neonatal or prenatal offspring-(not given to young or pregnant animals)
6.Tetracyclines Tx:
-Rickettsial: bacterial that is contracted by eating raw salmon flesh; only dogs can contract it (not cats)
-Lymes Disease

Front 31

Quinolones
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 31

*Names end in -floxacin
1.Antimicrobial
2.Bacteriostatic
3.-Ciprofloxacin-eye drops
-Enrofloxacin/Baytril
4.Enteral-(preferred), Paraenteral-(need to give very slowly)
5.Use w/caution in young animals, can cause damage to cartilage in growing patients

Front 32

Lacromides/Macrolides
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 32

*Names end in -mycin, (be careful! Aminoglycosides also end in -mycin)
1.Antimicrobial
2.Bacteriostatic
3.-Clindamycin
-Erythromycin
-Azithromycin
4.Enteral
5.Do NOT give to rabbits, guinea pigs, horses, hamsters-they are hind gut fermentors & these antibiotics kill the good bacteria needed for digestion

Front 33

Sulfonamides
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 33

*"Sulfa Drugs" Names begin w/Sulfa-
1.Antimicrobial
2.Bacteriostatic
3.-Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprin
-Sulfadimethoxine*/Albon*
4.Enteral
5.Sulfa drugs are Coccidiostatic
*Sulfadimethoxine/Albon is the only anti-coccidial drug approved for treatment of canine & feline Coccidiosis

Front 34

Antifungals
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 34

*Many Names end in -azole
1.Antimicrobial
2.Bacteriostatic
3.-Itraconazole
-Ketaconazole
-Miconazole
4.Topical, Enteral*
5.*Enteral/Oral method used for systemic infections (low chance for survival)
*Because these drugs interfere with DNA/RNA, it can lead to Birth Defects & Potential Mutations

Front 35

Antivirals
1.Class
2.–cide, -cidal, -static
3.Examples of Drug
4.Method(s) Given
5.Side-effects/Cautions

Back 35

*Not used frequently b/c they require dillutions
-Interferon-(interferes w/virus' ability to replicate)
-Used to treat Non-Neoplastic Felv infections in cats

Front 36

What do Antiparasitics do?
What are they made of?
Cautions?

Back 36

-they kill or inactivate internal and/or external parasites
-the chemicals may be drugs or insecticides
-Parasites easily adapt & create immunities

Front 37

Endoparasites
1.What are they?
2.Examples

Back 37

1.internal parasites:
-Round & Hook worms
-Whip worms
-Tapeworms
-Coccidiosis
-Giardia

Front 38

Round & Hook Worms
1.Drug Class
2.Treatment(s)

Back 38

1.Antiparasitic
-Fenbendazole/Panacur (treats MANY parasites)
-Milbemycin Oxime/ Interceptor/Sentiel
-Pyrantael Pamoate/ Strongid or Nemix (comes in tasty liquid)

Front 39

Whip Worms
1.Drug Class
2.Treatment(s)

Back 39

1.Antiparasitic
-Drontal Plus-(single dose):
>Febantel
>Pyrantel Pamoate
>Praziquantel
-Febantel-(for 3 consecutive days)
-Interceptor or Sentinel-(Monthly administration)

Front 40

Tapeworms* (Cestodes)
1.Drug Class
2.Treatment(s)

Back 40

*2nd most common diagnosis in cats
1.Antiparasitic
-Praziquantel/Droncit*
-Epsiprantel/Cestex*
-Fenbendazole/Panacur
*These are considered the drugs of choice b/c they are highly effective