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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
autolysis |
The self-digestion of tissues or cells by enzymes that are released by their own lysosomes. |
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basal body |
A pair of tubular structures, each of which is composed of nine microtubules surrounding another pair of microtubules. They act as the base of cilia and flagella. |
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caveolae |
Tiny imprints in the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells, especially endothelial and fat cells, which are believed to start endocytosis, oncogenesis, and the formation of plaque in blood vessels. They may also play a role in the uptake of pathogenic bacteria and certain viruses. |
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cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) |
Glycoproteins that help in the bonding of cells and the movement of cells past one another. |
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centriole |
Tubular organelle composed of nine triplets of microtubules that aids in the process of cell division. |
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cilia |
Hairlike fibers that move fluid across the cell. |
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cristae |
Folds within the mitochondria that increase ATP output by increasing surface area. |
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cytoskeleton |
The internal structure which helps keep the cell’s shape. Composed of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. |
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
Series of channels that run from the cell nucleus to the exterior cell membrane. Rough ER is the site for protein synthesis, and smooth ER is the site for lipid synthesis. |
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flagella |
Propels cells through liquid. Primary source of motility in sperm. |
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fluid mosaic |
Constantly changing pattern of proteins and fluid between the two sides of the liquid bilayer. |
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globular protein |
Complex protein bearing a spherical shape. |
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glyolipid |
Compound composed of a carbo and a fatty acid together. |
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Golgi apparatus |
Located near nucleus, looks like sacs that are stacked and flattened at the ends. Involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and enzymes. |
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histone |
Globular protein found in the cell nucleus that connects with nucleic acid to form nucleoproteins. Act as regulators of gene activity. |
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inclusion |
Temporary component of a cell that is lifeless, having been brought into the cell by phagocytosis. |
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integral protein |
Proteins located within the lipid bilayer that create channels that aid the selective permeability of the cell membrane. |
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intermediary fiber |
Fibers specialized to the cell in which they are contained. Composed of tough protein fibers that help to reinforce the cell. |
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ligand |
Small molecules that bond to larger chemical groups or molecules. |
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lysosomes |
Fights pathogens, repairs damaged tissues, and aids in intracellular digestion. |
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matrix |
The intercellular material of connective tissue. |
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membrane receptor |
Integral proteins and glycoproteins that form binding sites. |
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microfilament |
Found in most cells, composed mostly of actin. |
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microtrabeculae |
Component of the cytoskeleton thought to add form, support, and substance to cell's inner anatomy. |
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myofibril |
Fiberlike structures that occupy most of the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) in skeletal muscle cells. |
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nucleoli |
Contained within the nucleus, site of ribosomal RNA synthesis. |
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osteocyte |
Mature bone cell. Located in the matrix of bone called lacunae. |
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peripheral protein |
Proteins located on inside of cell's lipid bilayer that have enzymatic capabilities. Less mobile than integral proteins because they are attached to the cytoskeleton. |
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peroxisome |
Single-membraned vesicle that detoxifies the body. Large amounts in the kidney and liver cells of most vertebrate animals. |
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prion |
Small, protein-based particle that is infectious and resilient, but not a living pathogen. |
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proteasome |
Found in the nucleus and cytoplasm; breaks down individual proteins no longer needed by the cell. |
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rafts |
Free-floating lipid rafts found in the plasmalemma and the membranes of the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. Serve as construction site for signalling molecules. |
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scrapie |
Contagious and fatal disease caused by prions, occurring in sheep and goats. Incubation period is 2 years before symptoms appear. Eventually leads to prolonged illness and death. |
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tonofilaments |
Provide structural support for certain membrane junctions. Especially important in tissue that needs to flex. |
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vault |
Small transport structure that shuttles molecules to and from the nucleus. |