Volume 1 Unit 3

Front 1

The smallest functioning unit of life that is capable of independent existence is what?

Back 1

Cell

Front 2

Describe the general structure and function of the plasma membrane of a cell.

Back 2

It is composed of mainly lipids and proteins. They serve to separate and protect the cell from the surrounding environment.

Front 3

Cite the special functions that occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.

Back 3

Cell expansion, growth, and replication.

Front 4

Describe the general function of the nucleus.

Back 4

Determines how well the cell will function, as well as the basic structure of the cell.

Front 5

Explain why cell division is important.

Back 5

the process by which new cells are formed for growth, repair, and replacement in the body.

Front 6

Define tissue and cite the four major types of tissue found in the human body.

Back 6

Groups of cells that have similar structure and function. Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

Front 7

Which tissue has the ability these functions?

(protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory replacement)

Back 7

Epithelial Tissue

Front 8

Explain how the structure of connective tissue contributes to its function.

Back 8

The matrix of connective tissue makes it able to bear weight, withstand great tension, and endure abuses that other tissue types wouldn't be able to tolerate.

Front 9

What tissue has the special ability to shorten and contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.

Back 9

Muscle Tissue

Front 10

What is comprised of supporting cells and neutron s and is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities?

Back 10

General structure and function of the nervous tissue.

Front 11

Cite the five basic human senses.

Back 11

sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.

Front 12

What is the function of the sclera within the eye?

Back 12

Provides strength to the fluid- filled eyeball.

Front 13

This function to equalize the air pressure in the ear with the atmosphere. If the pressure is not equalized, the eardrum could burst.

Back 13

Eustachian Tube within the ear.

Front 14

Cite the seven functions of the skin.

Back 14

1. protects the body from invasion by bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.

2. helps keep a constant body temperature

3. prevents water loss

4. excretes wastes

5. receives sensations

6. produces vitamins

7. absorbs certain drugs and other chemical substances.

Front 15

Describe the function of bones within the skeletal system.

Back 15

provides a rigid framework, which supports and protects the soft organs of the body.

Front 16

Describe the role of vertebrae within the skeletal system.

Back 16

surround and protect the spinal cord.

Front 17

Cite the two divisions of the skeletal system and describe the structure of each.

Back 17

Axial Skeleton: vertical axis of body. (head, ribs, breastbone)

Appendicular Skeleton: free appendages

Front 18

Describe the function of the synovial membrane within joints.

Back 18

Secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity for lubrication.

Front 19

Describe the relationship between the skeletal system and the muscles of the body.

Back 19

provide movement and support.

Front 20

What is responsible for skeletal movement?

Back 20

Skeletal muscle

Front 21

What contraction is involuntary, strong, and rhythmical?

Back 21

Cardiac muscle

Front 22

What extends over joints, contributing to joint stability?

Back 22

Tendons

Front 23

What is a by-product of muscle metabolism?

Back 23

Heat production

Front 24

What contraction is slow and rhythmical?

Back 24

Smooth muscle

Front 25

Cite the three functions of the nervous system.

Back 25

Sensory, integrative, and motor.

Front 26

What is the conducting cell that transmits impulses and the unit of the nervous system?

Back 26

Neuron

Front 27

What is non-conducting and provides a support system for the neurons?

Back 27

Neuroglia

Front 28

What is the conducting region of the neuron?

Back 28

Axon

Front 29

What collections of the nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system?

Back 29

Ganglia

Front 30

What transmits impulses from peripheral organs to the central nervous system?

Back 30

Sensory Division.

Front 31

What transmits impulses from the central nervous system out to the peripheral organs to cause an effect/ action?

Back 31

Motor Division.

Front 32

Describe the relationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Back 32

Regulation of body activities

Front 33

These glands have ducts that carry their secretory product to a surface.

Back 33

Exocrine

Front 34

Ductless glands

Back 34

Endocrine

Front 35

Regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body.

Back 35

Hormones

Front 36

Referred to as the body's master gland.

Back 36

Pituitary

Front 37

Receives hormones and act as receptors.

Back 37

Target cells

Front 38

Produces the hormone thyroxine.

Back 38

Thyroid

Front 39

Secretes digestive enzymes.

Back 39

Pancreas

Front 40

Produces the sperm and ova.

Back 40

Gonads

Front 41

Describe the basic structure of the cardiovascular system.

Back 41

consists of the heart and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Front 42

Describe the role of the heart within the cardiovascular system.

Back 42

provides the force necessary to circulate the blood to all the tissues in the body.

Front 43

Transports disease fighting substances to the tissue and waste to the kidneys.

Back 43

Blood

Front 44

Transports blood away from the heart.

Back 44

Arteries

Front 45

Transports blood toward the heart

Back 45

Veins

Front 46

Regulate blood flow into the tissue capillaries.

Back 46

Arterioles

Front 47

Primary function is the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells.

Back 47

Capillaries.

Front 48

Channels through which blood is distributed to body tissues.

Back 48

Blood vessels.

Front 49

Cite the three primary functions of the lymphatic system.

Back 49

1. return excess interstitial fluid to the blood

2. absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and the subsequent transport of these substances to the venous circulation.

3. defense against invading microorganisms and disease.

Front 50

Describe the response of the lymphatic system when the body is exposed to microorganisms or other foreign substances.

Back 50

lymphocytes proliferate within the lymphatic organs and are sent to the site of the invasion in an attempt to destroy the invading agent.

Front 51

Describe the relationship between the circulatory system and the respiratory system.

Back 51

work together to provide oxygen and to remove the waste products of the metabolism.

Front 52

Describe the act of breathing.

Back 52

Pulmonary ventilation is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inhalation and out of the lungs during exhalation.

Front 53

Describe the basic structure of the digestive system.

Back 53

consists of a long continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. It includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Front 54

Cite the main purpose of the digestive system.

Back 54

Break down proteins, fats, and starches, which can't be absorbed intact into amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose that can be absorbed across the wall for the tube into the circulatory system for dissemination through the body.

Front 55

Cite the primary function of the urinary system.

Back 55

The primary function of the urinary system is to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits.

Front 56

Describe the role of the kidneys within the urinary system.

Back 56

primary organ of urinary systems. They filter blood, remove the wastes, and excrete the wastes in the urine.

Front 57

Explain the difference between the reproductive system and the other body systems.

Back 57

They are devoted completely to the reproduction of offspring and are not necessarily vital to the individual's own survival.

Front 58

Cite the four functions of the reproductive system.

Back 58

1. produce egg and sperm cells

2. transport and sustain these cells

3. nurture the developing offspring

4. produce hormones