Volume 1 (4) 016 - 021

Front 1

T1s primarily used for voice circuits are configured for AMI coding and the_______ framing format.

Back 1

D4

Front 2

T1s primarily used for voice circuits are configured for _______ coding and the D4 framing format.

Back 2

AMI

Front 3

T1s primarily carrying data circuits are configured for ______coding and the ESF framing format.

Back 3

B8ZS

Front 4

T1s primarily carrying data circuits are configured for B8ZS coding and the_______framing format.

Back 4

ESF

Front 5

consists of 192 data bits. The data bits represent 24 channels times 8 bits per channel. A single framing bit is added for a total of 193 bits. One framing bit from 12 consecutive frames is added to create a 12-bit framing sequence

Back 5

D4 frame

Front 6

consists of 24 frames to create a 24-bit framing sequence. In addition to frame synchronization, the framing sequence is used for error detection and link performance management.

Back 6

ESF (extended superframe)

Front 7

signaling equipment performs the functions of alerting, addressing, supervising, and providing status over our networks. The signaling equipment has three types of communications signals---- what are they?

Back 7

control signals, informational signals, and supervisory signals—that functions are to control and process analog calls.

Front 8

used to transmit routing and destination signals over the network. These signals can be dial pulses and tone pulses over local loops and trunks.

Back 8

control signals

Front 9

(address signaling) digits are sent by opening and closing the telephone circuit. The actual digit is based on how the circuit is opened and closed or signal is pulsed

Back 9

pulse dialing

Front 10

address signaling is sent by a set of tones instead of pulses

Back 10

tone dialing

Front 11

, also referred to as call-progress signaling, inform the callers, sender, and receiver of the call status

Back 11

informational signals

Front 12

is a frequency pair used to convey informational signaling. For example, the generation of a continuous 350- and 440-Hz frequency pair by the switch equipment.

Back 12

dial tone

Front 13

occurs when a call is being routed to its destination. For example, a signal that cycles on for two seconds and off for four seconds and contains the generation of a 440- and 480-Hz frequency pair sent by the switch equipment.

Back 13

ring signal

Front 14

generated by the switch equipment to inform the sender that the call is in a ringing state. For example, a signal that is cycled on for two seconds and off for four seconds and contains the generation of a 400- and 480-Hz frequency pair.

Back 14

ringback signal

Front 15

signal to the sender when the receiver’s line is in use. For example, a signal cycled on and off for 0.5 second and contains the generation of a 480- and 620- Hz frequency pair.

Back 15

busy signal

Front 16

immediate signal that is generated when the local switch equipment is unable to find a trunk to route a call that is beyond its equipment. For example, a signal cycled on for 0.2 seconds and off for 0.3 seconds and contains the generation of a 480- and 620-Hz frequency pair.

Back 16

fast busy signal

Front 17

a delayed signal that is generated when the local switch equipment recognizes that your telephone is still off the cradle

Back 17

off-hook alert

Front 18

an alert signal that is generated when the local switch equipment is trying to connect an incoming call

Back 18

call waiting

Front 19

alert signal that is generated when a call cannot be connected and a message system is enabled. For example, a signal cycled on for 0.5 seconds and off for 15.0 seconds and contains the generation of a 1,400 Hz frequency.

Back 19

record warning

Front 20

monitor the status of a line or circuit to determine its state (busy, idle, etc.). Designated switch equipment recognize the supervisory signal conditions, on-hook (idle) or off-hook (busy), of the circuit

Back 20

supervisory signals

Front 21

signaling that uses separate voice and signaling paths and can consist of two or four wires

Back 21

E&M

Front 22

what are the two digital signaling methods that are used to transmit supervisory signals?

Back 22

common associated signaling (CAS) and common channel signaling (CCS).

Front 23

associated with D4 framing, a 12-frame framing sequence. the seventh bit in frames 6 and 12 are “robbed” to convey signaling information

Back 23

CAS

Front 24

uses a single channel for signaling information on circuits and other information for network management. A separate network channel is used to transfer supervisory signaling information in an
out-of-band fashion and multiplexed with the digitized voice signals

Back 24

CCS

Front 25

what are the three signaling modes of CCS signaling?

Back 25

associated mode, non-associatied mode, and quasi-associated mode

Front 26

The messages relating to signaling between two points are conveyed directly interconnecting these signaling points

Back 26

associated mode

Front 27

The messages relating to signaling are conveyed over two or more links passing through one or more signaling points that are not the origin and the destination of the messages

Back 27

non-associated mode

Front 28

This is a subcase of the nonassociated mode. The path the messages take through the network is predetermined and fixed.
Self

Back 28

quasi-associated mode

Front 29

a very undesirable factor that causes degradation to systems used to gather, transmit, process, or present information. may be defined as unintelligible electrical disturbances in or to an electrical system, which may cause the desired signals carrying intelligence to be masked or distorted

Back 29

noise

Front 30

what are the two types of noise encountered in voice transmission?

Back 30

white noise and impulse noise.

Front 31

is a mixture of all frequencies in the spectrum of interest; and if loud enough, it will completely mask the desired intelligence frequencies.

Back 31

white noise

Front 32

is a series of clicks or bursts of relatively short duration.

Back 32

impulse noise

Front 33

clock that controls some or all of the equipment in the station that requires local time control.

Back 33

station clock

Front 34

There are two types of station clocks; what are they?

Back 34

master and slave

Front 35

The master station clock is a highly stable cesium beam or global positioning system (GPS) timing signal, and is to be tied into the primary communications equipment.

Back 35

N/A

Front 36

locks onto an incoming data stream from a stable source.

Back 36

slave clock

Front 37

basically means a reduction in energy, generally expressed in decibels.

Back 37

attenuation

Front 38

Compensations to the transmission lines (attenuation) may be achieved by adding ___________ at intervals along the length of a transmission line.

Back 38

lumped inductances