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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medial compression
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degree to which folds meet @ midline. LCA and Inter arytenoids primarly responsible.
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Longitudinal tension
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Tension in vocal folds responsible for pitch changes. Thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid.
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Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation
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Myoelastic-certain amount of elasticity in all structures in larynx. Aerodynamic-lungs and airflow must be normal for phonation.
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Onset of phonation
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first cycles are abnormal Two phases prephonatory phase, attack phase
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prephonatory phase
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mover from rest toward midline(adduction)-no phonation. Duration is variable only ms.
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Attack phase
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begin vibration-the relation between adduction and air release from lungs. First cycles of vibration
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Three vocal attacks
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simultaneous attack, breathy attack, and hard glottal attack
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simultaneous attach
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air release @ same time vocal folds adduct.
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breath attack
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air release before adduction/ learned/physical.
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hard glottal attack
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vocal folds slammed hard before air stream is released-tension require a lot of air to get through vocal folds.
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Bernoulli effect
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begins in attack phase and continued thorugh vibration-moves vocal folds mediall and subglottic pressure blows vocal folds apart.
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Fundamental freq.
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rate at which vocal folds open and close per second. Dependent on age, gender, context, and health.
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Normal range
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two/three octaves-octave doubling frequency.
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Vocal folds @ high pitches
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result in lengthening, narrowing, and only the medial edge will vibrate. high subglottic pressure
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High subglottic pressure
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assoc. w/ high pitches
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Vocal folds@ low pitches
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result in fat, short, more cover vibration.
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Vocal folds @ high intensity
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build up of subglottic pressure and slam together
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Vocal folds @ low intesity
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whispering results in a lot of vocal fold tension
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Male fund freq.
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111-133
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female fund freq
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188-252
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Larynx of females
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almost adult size before puberty
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Larynx of males
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Grows 2-3 x's as much before puberty than females. More thyroid growth. Growth cause voice to change
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waivering voice
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due to less fine motor control
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Aging respiratory
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lower respiratory support and less control over airflow all complicated by hearing loss
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Aging voice changes
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hoarsness, breathy due to physical and structural changes-epitheal and lamina propria become less elastic.
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Congenital laryngeal malformation
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present at birth-result in airway obstructiton-noticeable by strider (noisy inhale/exhale) weak cray/aphonia, hoarse, swallwoing dysphasia.
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Congenital laryngeal malformation types
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Vocal fold hemangioma, laryngeal papilloma, laryngomalacia, laryngeal wel, subglottic stenosis, laryngocele, laryngeal cyst, laryngoesophageal cleft.
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syndrome
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a group of symtoms and signs which when appearing simultaneous form a definite pattern of a specific condition disease abnormality w/one underlying cause.
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Vocal fold aging
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continue to grow into early adulthood @ 35 begin to age. effected by hormonal balance.
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Vocal fold hemangioma
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tend to grown and then get smaller-obstruct airway.
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Laryngeal Papilloma
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Viral, cauliflower, rapidly growing, may invade larynx, trachea, and bronchi. May grow rapidly until puberty.
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Laryngomalacia
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floppy larynx Epiglottis, cunieform, and corniculates not keep airway open especially on inhale. May resolve may need trach.
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Laryngeal web
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vocal folds did not separate from one another-range from microweb->complete obstruction.
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Subglottic stenosis
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narrowing of area around cricoid 2-3mm below vf 2xs as common in females Limit respiratory support-weak cry 60-80% need trach or dilation
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Subglottic stenosis treatment
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Feeding, swallowing, language development
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laryngocele
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fluid/air filled sacs. internal/external cause some airway obstruction interfere w/ vf vibration.
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laryngocele treatment
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help achieve best voice possible
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laryngoesophageal cleft
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rare-no compatible w/ life usually aborted/stillborn. part of another syndrome.
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Laryngoesophageal treatment
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Surgery swallowing, feeding, and alt. comm. there will be cognitive and physical impairment because one midline problem indicates others.
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Jitter
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associated w/ Down syndrome cycle to cycle variation in time
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Shimmer
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associted w/ Down syndrome-cycle to cycle variation in amplitude.
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Down syndrome voice charaters
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breathy hoarse lower pitch, decreases phonation time, decrease intonation, shimmer and jitter.
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Down syndrome
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Trisomy 21 1 in 500-600 births. large tongue, hypotonia, excessive mucous lining in larynx up to pharynx affect thickness of vf cover.
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Neurofibromatosis
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spontaneous mutation, benign tumors anywhere there's nerve, abnormal skin pigment, 1 in 2500 births found in cns small->large tumors
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Treatment neurofibromatosis
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surgically remover but can come back
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Neurofibromatosis voice characters
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breatyness, hoarsness, monotone, CNX affected->short phonation/duration. May result in swallowing probs and shortness of breath.
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Cri du chat (cry of the cat)
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5p chromosome deficiency, kitten mew at birth, distinct facial features, mod->severe cog., diff. in fine motor. Help functionally communicate
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Cri du Chat voice character
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abnormal larynx develop, strained voice quality, inhale stridor, cry on inhale,
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Cleft palate
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not syndrome, not assoc. w/ cog. defecits. palatal shelves didn not fuse during 9-10 weeks.
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Cleft palate voice characters
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may result velopharyngeal disfunction, hypernasal (resonance) excessive larynx tense. hoarseness, breathyness, laryngeal tension, vocal strain, treat as vocal abuse.
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Microganthia
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small jaw, characteristic of cri du chat
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hypotonia
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low muscle tone cri du chat and DS
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hypertelorion
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eyes far apart cri du chat
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strabisms
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crossed eyes cri du chat
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microcephaly
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small head
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hypernasality
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not a voice disorder, resonance disorder
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FTT
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failure to thrive-not growing despite adequate nutrition. cri du chat
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Laryngeal cyst
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Do not have opening Develop in lamina propria, limit pitch range, limit respiratory support for intensity, breathyness, sugery causes damage to vf.
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Cri du chat physical
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micrognathia, hypotonia, microcephaly, hypertelorion, strabisms, FTT, laryngomalacia, may have cleft soft/hard palate ?austistic.
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