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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Amino acids |
An organic molecule possessing both a carboxyl and an amino group |
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Carbohydrates |
A sugar or one of its dimers or polymers |
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Dehydration reaction |
A chemical reaction where two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule |
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DNA |
A nucleic acid molecule usually in a double stranded helix in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotides monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. |
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Enzymes |
A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most are proteins |
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Hydrolysis reaction |
A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in the dissembly of polymers to monomers |
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Lipid |
Any group of large biological molecules including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that mix poorly if at all with water |
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Monomers |
The subunit that serves as the building block of polymer |
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Nucleic acid |
A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers that serves as a blueprint for proteins and for all cellular activities. |
The two types are DNA and RNA |
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Nucleotide |
The building block of a nucleic acid consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one to three phosphate groups |
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Organic molecules |
A chemical compound containing carbon |
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Peptide bonds |
The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by dehydration reaction |
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Phospholipids |
A lipid made of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar hydrophilic head |
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Polymers |
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds |
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Protein |
A biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into one specific three dimensional structure |
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RNA |
A type of nucleic acid consisting of a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. Usually single stranded |
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