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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chemical equation
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a condensed notation to show what happens in a chemical reaction
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word equation
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verbal description of the chemical reaction, using formal names of substances and verbs to indicate what is going on
"Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen gas yielding ammonia gas plus heat energy." |
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skeleton equation
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shows only the fomulas of reactants and products
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balanced equation
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takes into account the ratios of atoms or molecules used during the reaction.
Atoms of all elements on both sides of the arrow must be equal. |
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subscript
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number which indicates how many atoms of an element are in a molecule ("2" in water)
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coefficient
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number which indicates how many molecules are in a compound in an equation (comes before the compound)
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reactants
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chemicals put into the reaction
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products
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chemical resulting from the reaction
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↔
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sign indicating a reversible reaction
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→
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yields
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chemical equation
|
a condensed notation to show what happens in a chemical reaction
|
|
word equation
|
verbal description of the chemical reaction, using formal names of substances and verbs to indicate what is going on
"Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen gas yielding ammonia gas plus heat energy." |
|
skeleton equation
|
shows only the fomulas of reactants and products
|
|
balanced equation
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takes into account the ratios of atoms or molecules used during the reaction.
Atoms of all elements on both sides of the arrow must be equal. |
|
subscript
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number which indicates how many atoms of an element are in a molecule ("2" in water)
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coefficient
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number which indicates how many molecules are in a compound in an equation (comes before the compound)
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reactants
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chemicals put into the reaction
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products
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chemical resulting from the reaction
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↔
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sign indicating a reversible reaction
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→
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yields
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∆
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heat (added/subtracted in reaction--written over arrow for yield to represnt this)
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synthesis/combination
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chemical reaction where many individual substances combine to form one substance
A+B→AB opposite of decomposition |
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decomposition
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chemical reaction where one substance breaks up into the many substances which make up the original substance
AB→A+B opposite of synthesis/combination |
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single replacement reaction
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chemical reaction where part of one substance leaves that molecule and instead becomes part of the other substance
A+BC→AC+B |
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double replacement reaction
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chemical reaction where part of one substance and part of the other substance trade places
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combustion
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chemical reaction where something is lit on fire and produces a gas and water
CxHy+O2→CO2(g)+H20(g) |
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stoichiometry
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calculation of quantities in chemical reactions
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limiting reagent
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reactant which runs out first in a chemical reaction
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excess reagent
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reactant which leaves leftovers when the other reactant runs out
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percent yield
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percentage of the amount of product made in a reaction out of the amount possible for the equation
(Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield)*100 |
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theoretical yield
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the amount of product that should be produced in a reaction (according to equation and
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actual yield
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the amount of product experimentally produced in a reaction
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phase
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a state of matter with uniform properties
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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temperature
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a measure of average kinetic energy
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solid
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A state of matter with definite shape and volume. Particles are arranged in a set crystalline pattern and vibrate, but stay in place.
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allotropes
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two or more molecular forms of the same element in solid form
i.e., diamond, charcoal, and graphite (pencil "lead") are all carbon allotropes |
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unit cell
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smallest group of particles in a crystal that retains the crystal's geometric shape
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amorphous solids
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supercooled liquids which appear to be solids, but lack crystalline structure
i.e., rubber and glass |
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melting
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a phase change which occurs when particle vibrations in a solid become greater than the forces holding the particles together, causing the solid's crystal structure to come apart
solid to liquid |
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melting point
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the specific temperature at which a solid's crystal structure comes apart and melts
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sublimation
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a phase change where particles of a solid break free of the crystal structure and become gas without first becoming liquid
solid to gas |
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liquid
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A state of matter with indefinite shape but definite volume. Particles have no predictable pattern of arrangement and move constantly (movement, collision, change of direction) but still have strong forces of attraction.
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gas
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A state of matter with indefinite shape and volume. Particles move quite freely, rapidly, and randomly and have no attraction for one another.
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surface tension
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an inward force which keeps liquid from flying apart
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vaporization
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a phase change which occurs when fast moving liquid particles break free and become gas
liquid to gas |
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evaporization
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surface vaporization: a phase change where fast moving liquid particles break free and become gas on the surface
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boiling
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deep vaporization: a phase change where fast moving liquid particles break free and become gas at the heat source
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boiling point
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the specific temperature at which a liquid's particles overcome surface tension and break free
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vapor pressure
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the force of the gaseous substance on the surface of a liquid
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