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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plasma
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membrane around the outside of the cell (also called the cell membrane)
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amino acids
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a building block of cell membranes; made of fatty acids
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semi-permeable
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a membrane that allows only certain molecules pass through
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homeostasis
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the ability of the body or a cell to maintain equilibium
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passive transport
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moving a molecule from one side of the membrane to the other without using any energy; diffusion is a form of passive transport.
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atp
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energy (in the form of ATOP) used by an organism to perform its daily functions
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phospholipid
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adenosine tri-phospate (ATP) provides the energy needed to fuel the cell
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osmosis
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movement of a molecule from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration
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cell membrane
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outside covering of the cell (also called plasma membrane)
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solution
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a liquid mixture (like salt dissolved in water)
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solute
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in a solution, it is the solid that is dissolved (the sugar in sugar water)
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solvent
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in a solution, the liquid that dissolves the solid (the water in sugar water)
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cellular respiration
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changing energy from one form to another (ex: glucose to ATP)
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glucose
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simple sugar that gives energy to most living things
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mitochondria
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cell organelle that makes ATP for the cell
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equation
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an expression of change from reactants to products
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reactant
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a substance taking part in a chemical reaction
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product
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the result of a chemical reaction
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photosynthesis
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process where primary producers make their own food (glucose)
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chloroplast
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a membrane bound structure in a cell
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formula
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symbols representing the types of atoms in a substance
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cellular respiration
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process by which the cell produces ATP
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DNA
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the transmission of genetic traits from parents to offspring
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nucleotides
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basic building blocks of DNA and RNA
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nucleic acid
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DNA or RNA
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chromosome
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made of DNA; contain the genes within the cell
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gene
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basic unit of heredity
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genome
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total set of genes of an individual
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allele
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alternative forms of a gene
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replicate
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to make an exact copy
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bond
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a connection between 2 atoms or molecules
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double helix
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two strings of molecules connect together
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RNA
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biomolecule made up of a chain of amino acids
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ribosomes
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where protein synthesis occurs
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amino acids
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building blocks of proteins
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codon
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set of three nucleotides on mRNA
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anti-codon
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set of three nucleotides on tRNA
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code
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unique information carried by DNA for each organism
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transcription
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mRNA copies the DNA code
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translation
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tRNA translates the code from mRNA to make a protein
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traits
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characteristics of an organism expressed by genes
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phenotype
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physical appearance of an organism
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genotype
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actual makeup of an organism
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homozygous
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2 copies of the same allele for a certain trait (ex: TT or tt)
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heterozygous
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2 different alleles for a certain trait (ex: Tt)
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Mendel's Law
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dominant genes will "mask" recessive genes
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offspring
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new organisms produced by a living thing
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gametes
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sex cell; sperm or egg
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meiosis
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cell division producing gametes
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permeable
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allows everything to pass through
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oxygen
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reactant of cellular respiraton
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tRNA
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anticodon
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transcription
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copies the DNA code
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active transport
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requires energy
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anticodon
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nucleotides on tRNA
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