Voa Anatomy, Respiratory System

Front 1

What are the 10 major components of the respiratory system?

Back 1

external nares (nostrils), nose (nasal passages/cavity), pharynx, larynx, trachea (windpipe), lunge, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm

Front 2

What is the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Back 2

upper respiratory system is that outside of the thorax, the lower respiratory tract includes everything inside the thorax.

Front 3

What is included in the upper respiratory tract?

Back 3

including the nose, external nares, nasal passage, pharynx and larynx

Front 4

What is included in the lower respiratory tract?

Back 4

most of the trachea and the lungs

Front 5

What are the 6 functions of the respiratory system?

Back 5

1. involved in gas exchange (co2 to o2 - inspiration & expiration) 2. smell (olfactory senses) 3. filtering (dust, heavier particles of air) 4. warming and moistening incoming air 5. vocalization 6. removing excess body heat and moisture (temperature control)

Front 6

What are the differences between the external and internal nares?

Back 6

external nares are external openings into the nasal passage and internal nares are openings at the caudal end of the nasal passages into the pharynx

Front 7

What is the pharanx?

Back 7

The common passageway for food and air. Where the digestive system and respiratory system are combined. It extends from the back of the nasal passages and mouth to the larynx. It contains an opening for the nasal cavity, mouth, esophagus and trachea

Front 8

What is the larynx?

Back 8

also known as the voice box or the Adam's apple. made of cartilage. cranial to the trachea, caudal to the pharynx.

Front 9

What are the functions of the larynx? (4)

Back 9

Maintain opening for air to pass to lungs, directs food into esophagus and prevents it from entering the trachea via the epiglottis. voice creation. provides attachment for muscles used in swallowing.

Front 10

What is the trachea?

Back 10

aka windpipe. extends from neck to chest. attaches to the larynx and passes into the chest cavity to branch into the bronchi. made up of incomplete c-shaped cartilaginous rings to keep trachea from collapsing. on the dorsal side they are made up of connective tissues which allows for easier passage of food in the esophagus

Front 11

What are the functions of the trachea?

Back 11

carries air to lungs from larynx. produces mucous and has cilia that moves mucous and foreign debris towards the mouth, protecting the lungs

Front 12

Describe the lungs

Back 12

Main organs of respiration. There are two - left and right, and are divided into lobes. Dogs and cats have 3 lobes on left lung and 4 lobes on right lung.

Front 13

Describe the alveoli and their function

Back 13

tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. they resemble grape clusters. they are responsible for gas exchange, removing co2 from blood and moving o2 into blood.

Front 14

Describe the diaphragm and its function

Back 14

it is an accessory part of the respiratory system. it is a muscular structure. it allows the lungs to expand and contract to assist in respiration. it separates the thorax from the abdomen.

Front 15

Explain inhalation

Back 15

on inhalation the lungs draw air in, the muscles of the diaphragm contract and it flattens making the chest cavity larger (increased diameter). this allows for more expansion in the lungs. the decreased pressure in the cavity allows for the lungs to fill with air.

Front 16

Explain exhalation

Back 16

on exhalation the air is expelled from the lungs. the muscles realx, the diameter decreases and the pressure in the cavity increases. this forces the air out of the lungs.

Front 17

Explain respiration simply

Back 17

inhalation and exhalation are caused by a difference in air pressure due to the muscular contractions of the diaphragm

Front 18

Define Eupnea

Back 18

normal rate of breathing

Front 19

Define Dyspnea

Back 19

difficult, laboured breathing

Front 20

Define Apnea

Back 20

absence of breathing

Front 21

Define Respiratory Arrest

Back 21

the centres that control breathing are stopped

Front 22

Define Pneumonia

Back 22

inflammation of the lung tissue

Front 23

Define Bronchitis

Back 23

inflammation of the bronchi

Front 24

Define Hydrothorax

Back 24

water / fluid in the chest cavity

Front 25

Define Pneumothorax

Back 25

air in the chest cavity

Front 26

Define Hemothorax

Back 26

blood in the chest cavity

Front 27

Define Pulmonary Edema

Back 27

accumulation of fluid in the lungs

Front 28

Define "Collapsing Trachea"

Back 28

cartilage of the trachea is not as rigid (flattening), can be acquired or congenital, often occurs in small dogs, see history of cough or respiratory distress, often occurs after ercises, stress or leash pulling

Front 29

What are the 8 differences in the avian respiratory system?

Back 29

1. lack of diaphragm (no separation between thorax and abdomen) 2. lungs do not expand or contract. 3. lungs very small 4. tightly attached to the dorsal surface (along the backbone) 5. no vocal cords, narrowing in the trachea that creates sound call the syrinx (voice organ) 6. air sacs present (give bird buoyancy to fly and help them breathe by storing air) 7. lack epiglottis (just an opening into the trachea) 8. choanal slit (a split in the hard palate, where air exits)