Viva Voce Questions

Front 1

areas of recession may be sensitive. Why?

Back 1

exposed cementum and dentine. Sensitivity via fluid movement in the dentine tubules

Front 2

three causes of hypersensitivity

Back 2

mechanical abrasion or attrition
chemical erosion
thermal stimulation
lesion or decay in tooth

Front 3

2 common causes of gingival recession

Back 3

traumatic OH proceedures
perio

Front 4

3 possible causes of tooth mobility

Back 4

1. inflammation
2. LOA
3. occlusal or other trauma

Front 5

2 possible causes of gingival hyperplasia

Back 5

1. Inflammation
2. Medication such as phenytoin (anti-convulsant for epilepsy) or Ca2 blockers (hypertension)

Front 6

what are the definitive signs of gingivitis

Back 6

1. bleeding
2. rolled contour, swelling
3. erythema
4. spongy consistency of gingiva

Front 7

on what criterion is the diagnosis of perio made

Back 7

LOA

Front 8

what 2 measures are combined to calculate LOA

Back 8

1. recession
2. pocket depth

Front 9

describe in histopathological terms what is occuring when there is erythema of the gingiva

Back 9

red indicateds acute inflammation and increased vacularity in the area

blue indicates venous congestion in the CT as the result of chronic inflammation

Front 10

what is furcation involvement and why must it be evaluated?

Back 10

LOA between the roots of multirooted teeth. Furcation must be evaluated because of its role in the progression of perio

Front 11

Liast important oral conditions that can be seen on BW's

Back 11

1. caries
2. Perio
3. bony pathology
4. unerupted and impacted teeth

Front 12

3 uses of the mouth mirror

Back 12

1. indirect vision
2. retraction
3. transillumination
4. illumination

Front 13

which instruments can be used to remove subgingival calculus

Back 13

for heavy deposits = sickle scaler or ultra sonic

for light deposits = gracy or universal curettes

Front 14

what does the term root planning or debridement mean

Back 14

to remove soft and hard deposits from root surface to leave a smooth hard root surface. Recently, however there is evidence to suggest that a more conservative approach in which the cementum is cleaned with an ultra sonic scaler but isn't removed is now seen as a better option

Front 15

advantages of using an ultrasonic scaler

Back 15

1. generally good patient acceptance
2. improved subgingival access
3. improved vision due to washed field
4. good access to furcation areas
5. efficient
6. improved operator comfort

Front 16

what are the goals of instrument sharpening

Back 16

1. maintain cutting edge
2. preserve shape and proportional dimensions of the instrument
3. increase the working efficiency

Front 17

what are the benefits of a shap instrument

Back 17

1. allow to apply appropriate amount of pressure to remove deposits
2. will remove all deposits
3. increases tactile sensitivity thereby increasing efficiency and effectiveness
4. decrease operator fatigue
5.reduce burnishing of calculus

Front 18

name the uses of expanded dental floss (superfloss)

Back 18

1. cleans proximal surfaces of abutment teeth
2. cleans under bridges
3. cleaning around implants
4. cleaning around ortho appliances

Front 19

what to consider when selecting an appropriate interdental cleaning device for your patient

Back 19

1. size of space
2. manual dexterity
3. patient preference
4. cost
5. compliance

Front 20

what are three consequences of overzealous brushing

Back 20

1. gingival recession
2. abrasion lesion on gingival region of the tooth
3. hypersensitivity caused by exposed root or dentine
4. infection
5. ulceration of the gingiva

Front 21

name a disadvantage of using stannous fluoride

Back 21

subsurface staining of demineralised enamel

Front 22

What are the benefits of root planning

Back 22

- way to be certain that the root is free of inflammation causing plaque deposits

Front 23

what are three different vehicles for delivering topical fluoride in the clinic

Back 23

- liquid = 10% stannous fluoride.
- gels = acidulated phospho-fluoride with 1-2% NaF (oral B minute APF, colgate phos-flur). Contraindicated for glass based restoratives
- varnish = duraphat 5% NaF

Front 24

what factors should be considered when recommending the "best" toothpaste for a patient.

Back 24

1. age: risk of fluorosis
2. benefits of fluoride
3. desensitising?
4. benefits of baking soda and tricolsan as antibacterials
5. calculus reduction in toothpastes with Zn chloride and pyrophosphate toothpastes

Front 25

is fluoride more beneficial in small or large doses

Back 25

benefits are derived from ongoing presesnce of small amounts of F in the saliva and plaque.

Front 26

name 6 situations in which additional sources of F are advisable for home care

Back 26

1. high risk caries
2. high risk tooth wear (erosion)
3. ortho
4. partial dentures
5. hypersensitivity
6. reduced saliva flow
7. medically compromised
8. newly erupted teeth
9. root caries

Front 27

6 factors for determining a suitable fluoride regime

Back 27

1. fluoride Hx
2. current use
3. brushing technique
4. risk of swallowing paste
5. frequency of brushing
6. weight of patient
7. compliance
8. cost

Front 28

3 stratagies for enhancing saliva flow

Back 28

1. hydration
2. sugar free gum (xylitol)
3. reduce caffine intake
4. reduce / eliminate nicotine intake
5. reduce etOH
6. medications that stimulate flow

Front 29

3 reasons why fluoride reduces caries

Back 29

1. it is incorporated into the enamel crystals as fluoroapatite which is more resistant to demineralisation because it has a critical point of 4.5pH where as hydroxiapatite has a critical pH of 5.5
2. F binds with Ca ions to increase the rate of remineralisation
3. F interferes with bacterial enzymes making it bacteriocidal

Front 30

give 5 possible causes of xerostomia

Back 30

1. dehydration
2. too much caffine
3. alcohol
4. medications
5. radiation therapy
6. drugs
7. hormonal changes
8. diabetes
9. auto immune disease

Front 31

5 signs or symptoms that a patient with xerostomia may report

Back 31

1. needing to sip liquid
2. waking up with dry mouth
3. commissures cracked
4. altered sense of taste and smell
5. difficulty chewing and swallowing
6. food remaining on teeth between meals
7. recurrent oral thrush
8. frothy or bubbly saliva at corners of mouth
9. sensitive mucosa
10. dentine hypersensitivity
11. denture problems
12. chronic sinitis
13. halitosis

Front 32

name 4 functions of saliva

Back 32

1. lubricates oral mucosa, assisting in speech and swallowing
2. buffers capacity to neutralise oral environment
3. immune functions. IgA
4. facilitates tasting
5. clearance of food and debris
6. ion sink
7. provides ions for remineralisation

Front 33

what are the two basic types of tooth staining. Explain.

Back 33

Intrinsic staining:
stains that are incorporated into the enamel and cant be removed by scaling or polishing. Usually occur during the tooths development. Tetracycline, fluorosis
Extrinsic:
staining of the salivary pellicle by substances such as tannins in red wine, coffee and tobacco. Can be removed with polishing

Front 34

Name the different acquired deposits on oral structures and approprite methods for their removal

Back 34

1. Food debris: toothbrush, toothpick, rinse away
2. material alba: soft loose layer of cellular and broken down food debris: toothbrushing
3. Acquired pellicle: organic membrane that forms over the tooth that is made up of glycoproteins from saliva and crevicular fluid - removed with professional polishing
4. Bacterial plaque: biofilm made up of micro-organisms and their products. removed via self care and scaling
5. Calculus: mineralised bacterial plaque. removed with professional instrumentation

Front 35

Name three statagies for reducing the cariogenicity of a patients diet

Back 35

1. awareness
2. education
3. reduce sugar intake and frequency
4. encourage protective foods
5. encourage water drinking between meals
6. reduce acidic foods

Front 36

Name 3 reasons why preventative advice should include information about quitting smoking

Back 36

- major risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer
- risk for periodontitis
- increased severity of perio
- reduced effectivnes of perio Tx
- reduced resting saliva flow and associated problems

Front 37

which teeth are most commonly injured? which gender is most commonly involved?

Back 37

83% are upper central incisors
male to female ratio 3:1

Front 38

how do dental injuries occur

Back 38

direct
indirect
intrinsic
extrinsic

Front 39

how should avulsed teeth be transported

Back 39

in milk or a tooth basket
persons own saliva
Not in water

Front 40

what are the three main factors determining mouthguard protection

Back 40

1. thickness min 3mm
2. stiffness
3. material base

Front 41

why is pressure adaptation superior to vacuum formd

Back 41

superior adaption
no elastic memory
5 times greater forming power
better comfort and fit
max protection
long term dimensional stability

Front 42

which sites on the mandible are most prone to fracture

Back 42

- angle
- neck of condyle
- canine region

Front 43

2l/2r universal curette

Back 43

used for anterior teeth
2 cutting edges
face of blade 90 degrees to shank

Front 44

1/2 gracey curette

Back 44

one cutting edge
curved in 2 planes
face of blade beveled at 60 degrees to the shank

Front 45

gracy 11/12 and 13/14

Back 45

both are used on specific sites on posterior teeth - root debridement
curved in 2 planes face of blade beveled at 60 degrees to the shank
11/12 = mesial surfaces
13/14 = distal surface

Front 46

reason for the ball on the WHO probe

Back 46

tactile feedback for detection of calculus

Front 47

what is irriversible pulpitis

Back 47

severe inflammation of the pulp that will not resolve even if the cause is removed. often more sensitive to heat and pain lasts longer. sensitive to percussion

Front 48

what are the mechanisms of dentinal sensitivity

Back 48

mechanical, thermal, chemical

Front 49

3 stages of plaque formation

Back 49

1. protein + tooth = pellicle
2. pellicle + micro-organisms = early plaque formation
3. plaque + time = mature plaque. Gram anaerobic filamentous form and fusobacteria followed by spirochetes
4.

Front 50

care for dentures

Back 50

clean over sink filled with water
cool water
use paste and denture brush

Front 51

causes of gingivitis

Back 51

- plaque
- smoking
- trauma
- infection
- poorly fitted dentures
- dental appliances
- puberty
- pregnancy
- diabetes
- leukemia
- malnutrition
-

Front 52

how is mobility graded

Back 52

grade 1 = up to 1mm horizontal movement
grade 2 = > than 1mm horizontal movement
grade 3 = horizontal and vertical movement

Front 53

reasons that gingiva can be different colours

Back 53

pigmentation
keratinisation
inflammation
staining
bruising
drug reaction
underlying pathology

Front 54

uses for an end tuft brush

Back 54

interproximal cleaning
hard to reach places
orthodontic appliances
root surface cleaning