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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When water-soluble vitamins are consumed in excess of body needs, generally the excess is: |
Excreted in the urine |
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A major function of B vitamins is to serve as: |
A part of a coenzyme |
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Most animals synthesize their own ascorbic acid from _______. |
Glucose |
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Vitamin C acts as a cofactor by maintaining iron in a reduced state in: |
Collagen Synthesis |
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Which water-soluble vitamin contributes to "intracellular cement" in the formation of scar tissue and wound healing? |
Vitamin C |
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The primary function of vitamin C is to act as an: |
Antioxidant |
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The RDA for vitamin C for adult men is ____ and the UL is _____. |
90mg, 2000mg |
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A major role for thiamin is: |
Energy transformation |
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A consequence of thiamin deficiency is: |
Beriberi |
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Erythrocyte transketolase activity is an assay to assess the status of: |
Thiamin |
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Cheilosis is a symptom of a dietary deficiency of which vitamin? |
Riboflavin |
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Riboflavin coenzymes remain bound to their enzymes during the oxidation-reduction reactions and the complexes are called __________. |
Flavoproteins |
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When the diet is adequate in protein, the body can synthesize niacin from which amino acid? |
Tryptophan |
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Which classical vitamin deficiency is known for the four D's: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea and death? |
Niacin |
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Which of the water-soluble vitamins is found widely distributed in all plant and animal foods, which make a deficiency unlikely? |
Pantothenic Acid |
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Synthesis of coenzyme A starts with the phosphorylation of which vitamin? |
Pantothenic acid |
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Which three vitamins are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids? |
Niacin, biotin and pantothenic acid |
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A deficiency of which vitamin is associated with these symptoms: hallucinations, lethargy, skin rash, alopecia, and muscle pain? |
Biotin |
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Which of the following reflects long-term folate status? |
Red blood cell folate |
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Elevated homocysteine levels can be due to all the following EXCEPT: |
Low ascorbic acid |
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Which of the following would you find under B12-deficient conditions and the methyl trap hypothesis? |
Accumulation of 5-methyl THF |
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What amount of supplemental folic acid is recommended daily for women of child bearing age in the united states? |
400 ug DFE |
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Intrinsic factor is required for the majority of absorption of which vitamin? |
B12 |
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Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ______. |
Ileum |
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The normal digestion and absorption of cobalamin requires adequate protein digestion in the stomach; the presence of 2 nonenzymatic proteins: ______; and a receptor located in the _____. |
R protein and intrinsic factor, ileum |
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Which of the water-soluble vitamins is able to be stored and retained in the body for long periods of time? |
B12 |
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Large amounts of folic acid can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency and prevent _______ from resulting. Overtime these symptoms unique to a vitamin B12 deficiency will occur, and these are related to the ________. |
Macrocytic anemia; Nervous system |
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Which vitamins is most involved in amino acid metabolism? |
Vitamin B6 |
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Vitamin B6 functions importantly in all of the following EXCEPT: |
Synthesis of fatty acids |
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Because vitamin B6 is involved in heme synthesis, a deficiency symptom is: |
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
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Which of the following vitamins has a Tolerable Upper Intake Level established? |
Vitamin B6 |
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Water-soluble vitamins are not stored, but readily excreted-the one exception is that we can store folate in the liver (T/F) |
False |
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Pernicious anemia may be due to folate or B12 deficiency. (T/F) |
False |
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High circulating levels of homocysteine (i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia) have been implicated in a number of pathologies including cardiovascular disease. (T/F) |
True |
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Circulating concentrations of a vitamin typically reflect diet, whereas intracellular (e.g., RBC's leukocytes) concentrations reflect body pools. (T/F) |
True |
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An increase in blood pyruvate and lactate levels may be due to a deficiency of riboflavin. (T/F) |
False |
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Whichvitamin D molecule would you expect to see in fortified foods? |
cholecalciferol– vitamin D3 |
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What% of vitamin D from the diet is absorbed? |
50% |
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Dietarycholecalciferol must be further hydroxylated in order to be active vitamin D.The first hydroxylation occurs in the _____ to produce _____. |
liver,25-hydroxycholecalciferol |
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Whichvitamin has as its primary function the maintenance of calcium homeostasis? |
D |
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Choosethe correct order of the phrases below to explain the response of the body to adecline in serum calcium levels. Choose the BEST answer. |
1,4, 3, 6. Increasedrelease of PT, Increased synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2 D, Increasedsynthesis of calbindi, Increasedcalcium absorption |
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Whatvitamin is associated with diminished proliferation and enhanceddifferentiation of cells, which serves as a basis for its use as treatment ofskin diseases such as psoriasis? |
D |
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TheRDA for vitamin D for people over the age of 70 is _____ the RDA for teenagers. |
Greater than |
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A deficiency of whichvitamin is commonly associated with rickets? |
D |
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What is a symptom of avitamin D toxicity? |
hypercalcemia |
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Sun exposure does not cause hypervitaminosisD because _____. |
cutaneous production of the vitamin reachesa maximum |
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Inassessing the vitamin D status of an individual, which measure would you use? |
circulating 25-OH cholecalciferol |
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Whichof the fat-soluble vitamins is consumed in the form of phylloquinone from plantfoods? |
K |
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Which fat-soluble vitamin appears to operate as a coenzymethat modifies proteins to bind with calcium? |
K |
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Theaction of vitamin K is the post-translational synthesis of blood clottingfactors occurs: |
In the liver |
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Anticoagulantdrugs that act by inhibiting vitamin K activity do so by which mechanism? |
inhibitingthe formation of the active form of vitamin K |
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Mr.S. takes warfarin due to his valve replacement surgery. He is an avid gardenerand enjoys eating the many green leafy vegetables he grows. You caution Mr. S.to tell his physician about this because the amount of warfarin he takes mayneed to be _____ |
Increased |
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Riskof vitamin K deficiency is greatest in: |
Newborns |
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Vitamin K deficiency inadults is most likely due to: |
antibiotictherapy. |
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Forwhich vitamin is a severe deficiency associated with an increased tendency forbleeding? |
K |
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Whichis the best measure of vitamin K status? |
prothrombintime |
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Gutbacteria can produce some vitamins, but this rarely contributes to ourrequirements because they are not absorbed.(T/F) |
False |
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Productionof active vitamin D requires skin, sunlight, cholesterol, the liver, and thekidneys.(T/F) |
True |
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Calciumhomeostasis in the blood depends on intestinal absorption, bone resorption, andkidney reabsorption.(T/F) |
True |
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Manyanticoagulants inhibit the vitamin K cycle, thereby preventing activation ofclotting proteins.(T/F) |
True |
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VitaminD increases the abundance of calbindin (Ca++ transporter) inenterocytes by increasing the transcription of the calbindin gene. (T/F) |
True |
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Toxicityof which vitamin is related to increased deposition of calcium in soft tissues? |
D |
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Manyanticoagulants work by inhibiting the regeneration of active vitamin K (i.e.,dihydrovitamin KH2) during the vitamin K cycle. (T/F) |
True |
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Agood source of vitamin D is milk, because it is fortified with 1,25-(OH)2-vitaminD3. (T/F) |
False |
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7-dehydrocholesterolis the form of vitamin D that is added to fortify milk. (T/F) |
False |