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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Macrocytic anemia : deficiency symptom of ?
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Thiamine: two rxn types - ox decarbox & transketolase. Transketolase is Pentose Phosphate pathway - supplies ribose for DNA synthesis
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Vitamin that is a cofator in ADP-Ribosylation?
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Think ADP --> NADP
Occurs when DNA break; involved w/DNA repair |
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Status Test:
Riboflavin? |
Glutathione reductase w/ and without FAD
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Signs of a Niacin deficiency?
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Three D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. 4th = death. Pellegra.
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Where is most of B6 stored in body?
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60% in muscles. All B6 rxns fo the shiff base thing EXEPT for this B6 which is part of glucogen neophosphate; when deficienct, no release. When food low, it's released.
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Pellegra-sine-pellagra?
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Riboflavin; since it's involved in the kynurenic pathway to synthesize niacin. Low RF results in Niacin def.
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What form is Niacin in food?
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Meats: NAD, NADP
Veggies - Niacytin! Bio unavailable unless akali treated or w/ moist heat |
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Two vitamins that can results in anemia.
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Thiamin (pentose 5-phosphate) AND Pyridoxine because its involved in heme synthesis
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Pyrodoxine is involved in the synthesis of what?
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(B6) involved in niacin synthesis AND heme synthesis; also involved in phospholipid metabolism.
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Acyl transfer vitamin? What are some examples?
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Pantothenic Acid.
As acytl-coA: acyl xfers As proprionyl-CoA: involved in FA & protein catabolisn Also involved in membrane localization of protein. working as FA-CoA. |
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What vitamin is involved in phospholipid metabolism?
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Pyridoxine
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What is ACP?
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Acyl carrier protein: the detachable swing arm involved in FA synthesis. Detached via ACP hyrsolase. Vitamin: panthothenic acid (in phosphoryled pantatheine form)
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What is the sound bite for Pantothenic acid?
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It's involved in acyl transfers.
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What is the sound bite for Niacin?
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Involved in many dehydrogenase reactions of 2-electron transfers.
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What is the sound bite for Riboflavin?
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Participated in oxidation/reduction reactions that involve 1 or 2 e- transfers.
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What is the sound bite for Pyridoxine?
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Involved in amino acid metabolism.
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What is the sound bite for Thiamin?
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Cleaves C-C bonds on 2-keto groups.
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What is the sound bite for Biotin?
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Involved in CO2 fixing reactions.
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What are the metabolic reactions that thiamin is involved in?
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- oxidative decarboxylation
- transketolation |
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Give examples of oxidative decarboxylation reactions that involve thiamin
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puruvate-->acetyl-CoA
-->succinyl-CoA Branch Chain AA metabolism |
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Give example of reaction of transketolation
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Pentose 5-Phosphate Pathway
-reducing power to NADH (FA synthesis) -Supplies Ribose for RNA |
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What is the rxn that actives Biotin?
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Biotin + ATP -(2 steps)-> AMP + holoenzyme
catalyzed by Biotin holocarboylase synthetase |
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Biochemical functions of pantothenic acid
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Transfers acyl groups:
As Acetyl-CoA: xfer acetyl groups As Proprionyl-CoA: involved in FA/protein catabolism & involved in the membrane localization of proteins Part of ACP that build FA's |
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Biochemical functions of Biotin
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CO2 fixing. Four enzymes
-1st committed step in gluconeogensis (pyruvate-->OOA); -Rate limiting step in FA synthesis (acetyl-CoA-->malonyl CoA) -Proprionate metabolism (very important in ruminants) -degradation of leucine |
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How is Biotin absorbed?
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Biotin is attached to proteins. 1: proteolytic enzymes chop
2: lysine group still attached gets cut off; catalyzed w/biotinidase |
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Of the vitamins we've studied, which one cause ketosis? Why?
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Biotin; if there is not enough biotin, acetyl-CoA cannot be converted into malonyl-CoA for FA synthesis; it builds up and causes ketosis.
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Signs of deficiency:
macrocytic anemia, deafness, diahrrea |
THTR-1 genetic mutation causes Thiamin deficiency;
Anemia--> pentose phosphate pathway cannot proceed |
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Cheilosis, Dermatitis
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Riboflavin, although pyridoxine can have similiar
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Vitamin associated with the three D's?
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Niacin; diahrrea, dementia, dermatitis
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Two of these vitamins can cause anemia; who and how?
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Thiamin - Pentose Phosphate pathway/no ribose
Pyridoxine - impaired heme synthesis |
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What are symptons of B6 deficiency?
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Impaired Niacin production, so not surprising, similar to Niacin: peripheral nueritis, weakness. & anemia (though a different form)
RF-like symptoms too - dermatitis |