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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fat soluble
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ADEK, absorption dependent on gut (ileum) and pancreas
toxicity more common because they accumulate in fat malabsorption can cause def |
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water soluble
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B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, biotin, folate
all wash out easily from body except B12 which is stored in liver |
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A def
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night blindness, dry skin
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A function, exceess
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constituent of visual pigment; arthralgias, fatigue, headahce, skin change, sore throat, alopecia
found in leafy veggies |
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B1 (thiamine) def
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Beriberi and WK syndrome; seen in alcoholism and malnutrition
dry: polyneuritis wet: high output CF |
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B1 function
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cofactor for oxidative decarboxy of a-ketoacids, cofactor for transketolase in HMP shunt
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B2 (riboflavin) def
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angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization
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B2 function
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cofactor in ox-red
FMN, FAD |
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B3 def
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pellagra can be caused by Hartnup disease (decreased tryp absorption), malignant carcinoid syndrome and INH
sxs: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia |
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B3 function
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constituent of NAD, NADP
derived from tryp using B6 |
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B6 (pyridoxine) def
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convulsions, hyperirritability (def induced by INH and OCP), peripheral neuropathy
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B5 function
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coverted to pyridoxal phosphate - transaminatiors (ALT, AST), decarbox, heme synthesis
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B12 (cobalamin) def
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macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; neuro sxs (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, parasthesia), glossitis
def caused by: malabsorption, lack of IF, or absence of terminal ileum Schilling test to detect def abnormal myelin seen |
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B12 function
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cofactor for homocysteine methylation (transfers CH3 groups)
stored in liver very large reserve synthesized by microorganisms |
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Folic acid def
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most common vitamin def; macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
no neuro sxs |
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folic acid function
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coenzyme (tetrahydrofolate) for 1 carbon transfer; involved in Me reactions
important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA |
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Biotin def
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dermitits, enteritis, caused by antiobiotic use, ingestion of raw eggs
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Biotin function
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cofactor for caboxylations
pyruvate-->OAA ACOA-->MCoA PCOA-->MMCoA |
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Vit C def
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scurvy- swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing
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Vit C funciton
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necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
facilitates iron absorption by keeping iron in Fe2 reduced state necessary cofactor for DA-->NE |
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Vit D def
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rickets in children (bending bones), osteomalacia in adults (soft bones), hypocalcemic tetany
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function vit D
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increase intestinal absorption of Ca and P
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vit D excess
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hypercalcemia, loss of appetite, stupor
seen in sarcoidosis- disease where epithelial macrophages convert vit D into active form |
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storage form of vitamin D
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25-OH D3
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active form of vit D
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1, 25 (OH)2 D3
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vit D from milk
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ergocalciferol, consumed in milk D2
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vit D from sun skin
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cholecalciferol D3
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Vit E def
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increased fragility of erythrocytes, neurodysfunction
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vit E function
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antioxidant (protects erythrocytes from hemolysis)
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vit K def
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neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and PTT but normal bleeding time because neonates have sterile intestines and are unable to synthesize vit K
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vit K function
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catalyzes gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on various proteins concerned with blood clotting
synthesized by intestinal flora |
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K dependent clotting factors
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II, VII, IX, X
protein C and S warfarin is vitamin K antagonist |
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Zinc deficiency
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delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair, may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
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Clinical characteristics of WK syndrome
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ocular distrubances, nystagmus
gait ataxia mental dysfunction (confusion, apathy, listlessness, disorientation) Korsakoff psychosis- retrograde recall, inability ot acquire new info |
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ntureint def assoc with cheilosis, glossitis, stomatitis
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iron, riboflavin, niacin, folate, B12
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how does niacin help tx type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia
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inhibits lipolysis in adipose-->less circulating free fatty acids --> less fatty acids to liver --> less VLDL --> less LDL
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INH leads to deficiency in
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B6 and B3
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folic acid is involved in synthesis of...
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purines (A and G) and thymine
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where is B12 absorbed
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distal ileum
Crohns and sprue can cause absorption problems |
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what organs help absorb B12
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salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, distal ileum
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antioxidant vitamins
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C, E and A
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how does vit D work at the cell
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interacts with target cell DNA to selectively stimulate or repress gene stimulation
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first vit D hydroxylation
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25, in liver
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second vit D hydroxylation
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1, in kidney
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