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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sources of Retinol
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liver, milk, butter, cheese, cream, egg yolk, fortified milk, margarine, ready to eat cereals
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Sources of Beta- Carotene
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green leafy veggies, broccoli, carrots, peaches, pumpkin, red peppers, sweet potatoes, winter squash, mango, watermelon, apricots, cantaloupe
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Functions of Retinol
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formation of visual purple, enabling eye to adapt to dim light
normal growth and development of bones and teeth |
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Functions of Beta-Carotene
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Formation and maintenance of mucosal epithelium to maintain healthy functioning of skin and membranes, hair, gums, various glands. Important role in immune function.
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Vitamin A deficiency
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night blindness, bone growth ceases, dry skin, decreased saliva secretion, decreased mucous secretion of stomach and intestines, susceptibility to respiratory, urinary tract and vaginal infections
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Sources of Vitamin D
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sunlight, liver, fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified milk, ready to eat cereals, margarine
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Functions of Vitamin D
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maintains serum calcium concentrations by stimulating GI absorption, stimulating release of calcium from bones, stimulating calcium reabsorption from kidneys
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Vitamin D deficiency
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Rickets (infants and children) = retarded bone growth and malformation of bones.
Osteomalacia (adults) = softening of bones, muscle twitches and spasms |
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Sources of Vitamin E
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Veggie oils, margarine, salad dressing, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, dark green veggies, whole grains, fortified cereals
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Functions of Vitamin E
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Antioxidant that protects vitamin A and PUFA from being destroyed; protects cell membranes.
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Vitamin E deficiency
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increased RBC hemolysis; in infants: anemia, edema, skin lesions
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Sources of Vitamin K
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bacterial synthesis; green leafy veggies, liver, eggs, cabbages
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Functions of vitamin K
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synthesis of blood clotting proteins and a bone protein that regulates blood calcium
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Vitamin K deficiency
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hemorrhaging
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Sources of Thiamin
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whole grain, enriched breads and cereals, liver, nuts, wheat germ, pork, dried peas and beans
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Functions of Thiamin
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coenzyme in energy metabolism, promotes normal appetite and nervous system functioning
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Thiamin deficiency
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Beriberi: mental confusion, fatigue, muscle weakness, anorexia, edema, enlarged heart, sudden death from HF
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sources of Riboflavin
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milk and dairy, whole grain, enriched breads and cereals, meat, eggs, green leafy veggies
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Functions of Riboflavin
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coenzyme in energy metabolism, aids in conversion of tryptophan into niacin
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Riboflavin deficiency
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dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, photophobia, reddening of cornea
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Sources of Niacin
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all protein foods, whole grain, enriched breads and cereals
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Functions of Niacin
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coenzyme in energy metabolism, promotes normal nervous system functioning
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Niacin deficiency
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pellagra: 4 D's
dermatitis diarrhea dementia death |
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Sources of Pyridoxine
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meats, fish, poultry, fruits, green leafy veggies, whole grains, nuts, dried peas and beans
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Functions of Pyridoxine
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coenzyme in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism; helps convert tryptophan to niacin; helps produce insulin, hemoglobin, myelin sheaths and antibodies
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Pyridoxine deficiency
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dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, abnormal brain wave pattern, convulsions, anemia
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Sources of Folate
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leafy veggies, dried peas and beans, seeds, liver, oj, some fruits, breads, cereals and other grains fortified w/folic acid
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Functions of Folate
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coenzyme in DNA synthesis, vital for new cell synthesis and transmission of inherited characteristics
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Folate deficiency
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glossits, diarrhea, macrocytic anemia, depression, mental confusion, fainting, fatigue
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Sources of Cobalamin
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meat, fish, poultry, shellfish, milk, dairy, eggs
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Functions of Cobalamin
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coenzyme in synthesis of new cells; activates folate; maintains nerve cells; helps metabolize some fatty acids and amino acids
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Cobalamin deficiency
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GI changes- glossitis, anorexia
Macrocytic anemia- pallor, dyspnea Neurologic- paresthesia of hands feet, poor muscle coordination and memory, irritability, depression |
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Water soluble vitamins
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B & C
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Fat soluble vitamins
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A, E, D, K
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Sources of Pantothenic Acid
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lots of foods- meat, fish , poultry, whole grain cereals, dried peas and beans
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Functions of Pantothenic Acid
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part of coenzyme A used in energy metabolism
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Pantothenic Acid deficiency
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rare- general failure of all body systems
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Sources of Biotin
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widespread- eggs, liver, milk, dark green veggies. Is synthesized in GI flora
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Functions of Biotin
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coenzyme in energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, glycogen formation
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Biotin deficiency
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rare- anorexia, fatigue, depression, dry skin, heart abnormalities
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Sources of Vitamin C
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citrus fruits and juices. red/green peppers, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cantaloupe, kiwi, mustard greens, strawberries, tomatoes
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Functions of Vitamin C
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collagen synthesis; antioxidant; promotes iron absorption; involved in metabolism of some amino acids; thyroxin synthesis; immune system functioning
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Vitamin C deficiency
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bleeding gums, scurvy, anemia, delayed wound healing, softening of bones & teeth, depression, increased susceptibility to infection
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