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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
vergence movements
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keep eye fixed on same target, on corresponding parts of the two retinas
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saccadic movements
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the rapid, jerky movement of the eyes used in scanning a visual scene
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pursuit movement
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maintain an image of a moving object on the fovea
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acommadation
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adjustment of the lens
-changes in thickness |
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fovea
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region for most acute vision
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order for eye parts
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photoreceptor synaps with bipolar, ganglion, axons go through optic nerves, brain
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horizontal cells
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photoreceptors and the outerprocesses of the bipolar cells
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amacrine
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ganglion cells and bipolar cells connect
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lamella
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contain rods and cones
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what makes photoreceptors
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opsin (protein) retinal (lipid)
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rhodopsin
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a particular opsin found in rods
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GMP
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-usually held open, less polarized
-continually release glutamate when light does not fall on them |
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transducin
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G protein activated when light hits cell
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process of seeing
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1. light strikes rhodopsin
2. rhodopsin molecule splits,retinal binds with and activates transducin 3. transducin activates phospdie. 4. channel closes 5. cation enters the cell and there is a hyperpolarization |
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actual process
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1. light hits--> makes hyperpolar
2. reduction causes depolarizations 3. goes to ganglion and excites |
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dorsal geniculate nucleus
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1. recieves imputs from the retina and projects to the primary visual cortex
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magnocelluar
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information necessary for the perception of form, movement, depth, and small differences in brightness
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parvocellular
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outer layer
perception of color and fine details |
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koniocellular
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sublayer
blue wave lengths |
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primary visual cortex/straite cortex
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surounds the calcarine fissure
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ciliary muscles
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control lens
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at periphery
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many individual receptors converge on a single ganglion
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protanopia
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red and green hues are confused
-red cones are filled with green opsin |
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deuteranopia
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green cones filled with red cone opsin
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tritanopia
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short wave lengths are confused
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complementary
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form together to make white
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spatial frequency
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the relative width of the bands in a sine wave grating, measure in cycles per degree of visual angle
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cytochrome oxidase (CO) blob
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central region of a module of the primary visual cortex, revealed by a stain for cytochrome, part of the parvo
- information from color sensitive through lateral geniculate nuclues to these CO blobs |
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outside CO blobs
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sensitivity to orientation, movement, spacial frequency, disparity... NO color
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striate cortex
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receives visual information, then sends info to visual ass. area then to the extrastriate cortex (responds to particular feature of visual
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optic flow
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the complex motion of points in the visual field, provides relative distance about the distance and direction of movement
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