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92 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
POINT IN AN INCH
72
PICAS IN AN INCH
6
POINTS IN A PICA
12
UNIT OF MEASUREMENT TO MEASURE LENGTH ON LINE TYPE
PICA
UNIT OF MEASUREMENT TO MEASURE HEIGHT ON LINE TYPE
POINTS
TRADITIONAL TEXT TYPE SIZE FOR GENERAL READING
FALL BETWEEN 5 AND 14 POINTS
POINT SIZE ARE TYPICALLY USED FOR DISPLAY TYPE
16 POINTS OR LARGER
5 POINT EASY TO READ?
FALSE
POINT SIZE TYPE CONVEYS THE VISUAL IMPRESSION MORE SO THAN THE X-HEIGTH OF THE TYPE
FALSE
DIFFERENT TYPEFACES IN SMAE POINT MAY APPEAR LARGER OR SMALLER BECAUSE OFVAIRIATION IN THE X-HEIGHT
TRUE
PLACING 60 POINT GARAMOND AND 60 POINT HELVETICA TOGETHER - THEY APPEAR TO BE DEIFFERENTY TYPES SIZES
TRUE
TYPEFACES WITH SMALLER X-HIEGHTS APPEAR TO HAVE LESS SPAE BETWEEN LINES OF TYPE THAN TPYFACES WITH LARGE XH-HIEGHT
FALSE
ADDITIONAKL SPACE ADDED BETWEEN THE LINES OF TYPE IS CALLED
LEADING,LINE SPACEING, LINESPACING, LEAD
HELVETICA 18/20, FIRST FIGURE INDICATES_______ AND SECOND INDICATES _______
POINT SIZE AND TYPE SIZE LEADING AND LINESPACING
HOW IS LEADING BETWEEN TWO LINES OF TYPE MEASURED
FROM BASELINE OF ONE LINE TO BASELINE OF THE NEXT LINES USING POINTS
NORMAL LETTER AND WORD SPACING IS GENERALLY EASIEST TO READ
TRUE
_____IS ADJUSTMENT OF SPACING BETWEEN LETTERS IN WOR D(USUALLY LETTER PAIRS) TO ACHEIVBE MORE CONSISTEN VISIAL SPACING
KERNING, OR KERN
ADJUSTING THE SPACE EQUALLY BETWEERN ALL LETTERS WITHIN A WORD OR SPACE
TRACKING, TRACK
Style and arrangement of typeset matter- it is the art of designing with type
Typography
tYPOGRAHPY BEGAN IN wEST AROUND 1455 when _______ began the craft of printing from individual pieces of type
JOhannes Gutenberg
Symbol that rep. an idea/taken multiple meanings: abstract thoughts can be communicated by combining diff. symbols
Ideograph
style and arrangement of typeset matter- it is the art of designing with type
Typography
Early form of ocmmunication, simple srawings made to communicate visually and reps. objects are called_______________
Pictographs
___ is still modern city culture that still uses an evolved version of pictosystem
China
_______ were resonsible for evolutionary new concet in written communication that used symbols to rep, speech rather than ideas or objects
Phoenicians
Phoeniciasn created system to keep communiction, symbols utilized to create sounds. (existed symbols are require fewer pictographs , letter form written in Faster less time.
How phoenicians alphabets evolved
BENEFITS FROM PHOENICIANS IN COMMUNICATIONS WERE
alph required fewer symbols
written more rapidly easier to learn
provided an ideal means of communication
Greeks conquered and adapted their Phoenicians alphabets because it was more efficient than their own
TRUE
Alphabet that we use is_____
Roman
Unchanged letters by Roman of greek alphabet
13 total: a,b,e,h,i,k,m,n,o,t,x,y,z
Romans modified once adopted the greek alphabet :
8 letters total: C,D,G,L,P,R,S,V
____ letters immediatly added to roman after adopted to greek alph
F and Q
Last character to be added in Roman
J
Small letters which were a natural outgrowth of writing and rewriting with pen is
Minuscute
Capital letters were
Majuscule
Humanistic hand a revival of caroligan minusule of nine century and is the basis of our small letter
TRUTH
Greek were firs to put spaces between words and they created a variety of symbols for punctuation
false
How many symbols used in Phoenician alpha?
21,22, and 23
Phoenician Read and wrote from left to right like us
FALSE
Phoenicians alpha contained no vowels and only consonants. Greeks added 5 vowels and formalized letter forms.
TRUE
An imaginary line upon which the characters seem to be standing
baseline
An imaginary line that runs along the top of most lowercase letters.
Meanline
The height of the body, or main element, of the lowercase letterform, which falls between the meanline (waistline) and the baseline.
x-height
are the part of some lowercase letters that rise above the meanline, such as b, d, or h.
Ascenders
_______ are the part of some lowercase letters that falls below the baseline, such as p, q, y, g.
Descender
The space that entirely or partially enclosed within a letterform, such as the enclosed bowl of letters b, d, and p.
counter
The finishing strokes that project from the main stroke of a letter.
serifs
What culture was responsible for the origination of the serif?
Romans
Type without serifs is called _____ _____.
sans serif
1 out of 1 points

Correct
A complete alphabet of caps that are the same size as the body, or x-height, of the lowercase letters.
small caps
Small caps are used to create capitals without emphasis, and are typically used for acronyms and to set a.m. and p.m. when typesetting a time of day.
True
These are numbers that resemble capital letters by being uniform in height. They are used most often in annual reports, charts, tables and numerically critical information
modern figures
These are numbers that are similar in form to lowercase characters in that they vary in size and have ascenders and descenders. They are primarily used when less obtrusive numerals are required, such as within the body of the text.
old style figures
Two or more characters joined as a single unit. They are a typographic refinement that compensates for certain letters that set poorly when combined, such as fi, ff, fl, ffi, ffl.
ligatures
.
Variations in weight, width, or slant within the letterforms of a given typeface, oftentimes labeled as roman, italic, bold, condensed, expanded, and so on.
Typestyle
Consists of all the characters required to set type: uppercase and lowercase letters, punctuation marks, numerals, and special reference marks are all included. Some also include special characters, such as small caps, ligatures, old style figures, mathematical symbols, and diacritical marks.
Font
Refers to the specific design of an alphabet and is identified by a name.
Typeface
All the fonts of all the typestyles of a given typeface. For example, Garamond Roman, Garamond Italic, Garamond Bold, etc.
Type family
Partial Credit
Please list in order the eight most familiar type classifications.
old style, Transitional, modern, slab serif,sans serif, script, black letter, decorative
_______ is the square of the type size and they are used as spacing devices, mainly for first line paragraph indentation.
em-quad
________ refers to the amount of space each individual character occupies, measurable in units. This space differs from letter to letter - a lowercase 'i' will have less than an uppercase 'W', unlike spacing that was used when typewriter technology was popular. In a typewriter, the spacing around each of the letters were the same, and created less than desirable letterspacing.
Set width
Anatomy of type
Characters
Uppercase
Lowercase
Baseline
Meanline or waistline
X-height
Ascender
Descender
Counter
Serif and sans serif
Small caps
Modern figures
Old style figures
Ligatures
Refers to the specific design of an alphabet
Each typeface is given a name
Typefaces
Variations within a typeface
Roman, Italic, Regular, Bold, Light, Condensed, Extended
Typestyles
Consists of all characters required to set type: upper and lowercase, numerals, punctuation, and special characters (also refers do the digital file)
Fonts
A combination of all of the fonts of all the typestyles available in a given typeface
Example: Helvetica regular, Helvetica Bold, Helvetica Italic, Helvetica Narrow, Helvetica Light, Helvetica Condensed, Helvetica Extended
Type Families
Typefaces are placed in several classifications - Old Style, Transitional, Modern, Slab Serif, Sans Serif, Script, Black Letter, Decorative
Type Classifications
units used to measure type size, leading, tracking, kerning, line thickness, etc.
pOINTS
unit(s) used to measure line lengths/column widths
pICAS
Spaces that are equal to either an ‘m’ or an ‘n’ in the typeface used
1-em is the typical amount of space for the indent of the first line of a paragraph
Em- and En-quads
Garamond
Garamond, Claude from France in 1617
About garamond
Characteristics: Relatively thick strokes & heavily bracketed serifs
and is an OLD STYLE Typeface, letters are open and round- easy reading
Baskerville
John Baskerville, England, 1757
About Baskerville
Refined serifs and greater contrast between thick and thin strokes is an TRANSITIONAL Typeface, pleasant and readable typefaces
Bodini
Giambattista Bodoni, Italy, 1788
About Bodini

Geometric/vertical stressed based typeface…no longer an organic quality to the characters, yet maintains a classic style. Heavy thick and hairline thins -MODERN TYPEFACE,
Slab Serif: Egyptian
Fonts: Century Expanded, Clarendon, Lubalin Graph
Century: Morris Fuller Benton, U.S., 1895
Clarendon: Hermann Eidenbenz, Germany, 1953
Lubalin Graph: Herb Lubalin, U.S. 1974
Characteristics of Slab Serif: heavily bracketed serifs, or no bracket at all. Little contrast of thick and thin in weight of stem & hairline
Sans Serif
Fonts: Helvetica, Univers, Futura, Optima-No use of serifs
Decorative & Display Faces
Fonts: Willow, Industria, Impact, etc-Characteristics: Scripts, inline, outline, contour or shaded, ornate faces, historic faces, illuminated initials, rustic, condensed or extended, “western,” “circus,” etc
Common Characteristics
Variations in stress
Variations in stroke
Variations in serifs
Variations in stress
Variations in stress
Early typefaces (Garamond) mimicked handwritten calligraphic letterforms and had a diagonal stress
Type evolved and letterforms were developed with the stress becoming more vertical (Baskerville)
Later, stress became totally vertical (Bodoni)
Some fonts (Helvetica) have no stress at all
Variations in stress
Variations in Stroke
The degree of contrast between the thick & thin parts of the letters
Old style faces: little contrast between the thick & thin strokes
Transitional: refinement & greater contrast between thicks & thins
Modern: maximum contrast between thicks & thins
After Modern typefaces, there was a return to less contrast, or in some cases a uniformity in strokes
Individual Characteristics
The subtle differences that give a typeface its individuality and character
Identifying typefaces: look at individual characters that contain the most design information (R,T,W or a,e,g) – these characters provide more visual clues than other characters might
Notes on typeface design
There are many manufacturers of type
The same named font (Garamond) may (and should) look different than one of another foundry
Some fonts look identical, but have different names (Helvetica, Helios, Vega)
Include or turn in the fonts used in your publication, so the person outputting (or grading) your work will use or see exactly what you intended
Measuring type in picas
Line (type) gauge & ruler
Measure type size
Measure leading
Measure line length

We will be using our type gauge today - if you have not purchased yours yet, please see the bookstore
5 Classic Typefaces
Garamond
Bodoni
Baskerville
Century Expanded
Helvetica
What culture was responsible for the origination of the serif?
Roman
the finishing stroke that project from the main stroke is the
serif
type without serif is called
sans sarif
a complete alphabet of caps that is the same size of the body, x-height of the lowercase letters is the
small caps
Century Expanded
Egyptian Typeface- WAS FIRST MAJOR AMERICAN TYPEFACE, LARGE x-height and simple forms combined for legible typefaces
Helvetica
San Serif so less stress, equal strokes and should always be leaded