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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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**What are the 2 kingdoms of bacteria and how do they differ |
Archaebacteria Live in extreme environments Lack a carbohydrate called peptidoglycan in their cell wall
Eubacteria Most abundant type of bacteria, most are heterotrophs More complex |
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**What are the three possible shapes of bacteria cells |
Coccus - sphere Spirilli - spiral Baccili - rod |
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**Describe the different ways bacteria obtain or make their food energy |
Autotrophs (self feeding) Using either photosynthesis or by oxidizing molecules such as n, s and Fe
Heterotrophs (must obtain energy from material they ingest)
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Obligate aerobes |
(respiration) bacteria that use oxygen to release energy |
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Obligate anaerobe |
Bacteria that uses fermentation to produce energy that occurs without oxygen |
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Facultative anaerobes |
Bacteria that can switch between respiration and fermentation. Don't require oxygen but can live within it |
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**How do bacteria reproduce? What is conjugation? |
They reproduce asexually by binary fission
Spore formation - resistant dormant endospores are made to survive harsh conditions
Conjugation - pilli tubes connect 2 cells and dna is exchanged |
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**What are methods to control bacterial growth rates |
Sterilisation (boiling water)
Disinfectants - chemicals
Food processing (freezing, canning)
Antibiotics
Vaccines |
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**What is nitrogen fixation and why is it important |
When nitrogen in the air is converted into a nitrogenous compound. It's important because plants can't use direct nitrogen gas |
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What are pathogens and how do they harm cells |
A bacteria or virus that can cause disease. They can use the cell for nutrients. They invade the cell and trick it into making copies of itself leading to the death of the cell |
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**What is the difference between a lytic and a lysogenic cycle |
Lytic cycle: a bacteriophage attaches to the surface of a host cell and inserts its dna. The host cell then makes more viruses and they burst out of the cell causing it to explode.
Lysogenic cycle: same as lytic cycle but dna is embedded into nucleus and may stay dormant for a period of time before lytic cycle continues |
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Describe what a virus is made of |
A core of dna or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid |
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How are bacteria important to the environment |
Decomposers break down dead material and release its energy back into the food chain. Oil eating bacteria CNA help clean oil spills. Have a symbiotic relationship with plants |
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**How are bacteria useful to humans |
Found in foods
convert nutrients in our gut to help with digestion
antibiotics come from bacteria
Environmental cleanup |
