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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Western Blot |
*ag of micro organism are fractionated by electrophoresis according to molecular weight *useful for determination of specificity of the antibody response to HIV-1 *need at least 2 major bands: gp 160/120, gp41 or p24 must be present |
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Line Blot |
*microorganism's ag of various mw are purified separately *separate purified ag are placed in predetermined lines on a nitrocellulose strip |
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parts of a virus |
*virion *nucleic acid *capsid *some have an envelop (if this is present then they also have a glycoprotein) |
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capsid |
*components are called capsomeres arranged into: helical and icosahedral *enveloped viruses rarely survive passage thru the gut |
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viral replication |
1. attachement 2. entry/penetration 3. uncoating-removal of envelope or disassemble of the capsid to release nucleic acid 4. replication 5. assembly 6.maturation/release |
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norovirus |
*family: calicivirdae *most common cause of food borne gastroenteritis |
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enterovirus |
*family:picornaviridae *main cause of viral meningitis |
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DNA viruses |
*Adenoviridae *Hepadnavirdae (hep B virus) *Herpesviridae *papillomaviridae *Parvoviridae *polyomaviridae *poxvirdae (largest human virus) |
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common sites of collection |
*np/throat *rectal/stool *CSF *swabs from lesions *urine *rarely blood |
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Good specimen |
*need columnar epic!! *need to remove exudate before collection *needs to be in viral transport media *transport media: antibiotics, sugars and proteins |
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herpes subfamilies |
*alphaherpes (herpes simplex virus) *betaherpes (CMV) *Gammaherpes (epstein barr) |
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3 viruses commonly associated w/ meningitis |
*enterovirus *RSV *hMPV (doesn't grow in culture) *VZV *HSV |
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common in stools |
*roto *noro *entero |
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common in urines |
*adeno *CMV *entero *mumps |
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how to assess quality |
DFA |
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transport conditions |
-70 or refrigerated (not RT or -20) |
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cytopathic effect |
*swelling *multinucleated *lysing/shrinking |
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common resp viruses |
*Parainflu 1,2,3 *influenza rhinovirus *RSV *measles *adeno *VZV |
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skin lesions |
*HSV *VZV *entero |
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brain lesions |
*HSV *VZV *CMV *measles *mumps |
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tissue or organ |
*HSV *CMV *VZV *adeno *MMR |
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Bone marrow |
*CMV *entero *HIV |
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Genital |
*HSV *CMV |
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culture |
*amplification method-very sensitive, w/ highly specific id *indicates presence of infectious virus *can detect presence of other viruses not targeted in PCR, DFA, or EIA |
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Viruses not able to culture |
*hepatitis *rotavirus *HPV *norovirus *many arboviruses |
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3 main type of cells used |
*primary: tissue direct from donor *diploid: cells subcultured from normal tissue *continuous: usually from tumor cell lines |
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primary types (heteroploid) |
*primary monkey kidney *mink lung *rabbit kidney |
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diploid types |
*HF *MRC5 |
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continuous |
*A549 *HeLa *Hep-2 |
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other viral detection and confirmation methods |
*Immunofluorescence *hemadsorption (usually to id resp. viruses) *blind stains *shell vials |
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detection methods |
1. PCR (best) 2. culture 3. DFA 4. EIA (least sensitive) |
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test method for helicobacter |
*breath test *stool ag test **doesn't rule out active infection |
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processing viruses |
* vortex or sonicate to disrupt cells *remove swabs, centrifuge to remove cell debbris *filter if needed *blood req special processing |
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chlamydia trachomatis testing |
*culture *EIA *TMA *SDA |
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pathogenesis of chlamydia |
*sterility *neonatal pneumo and blindness |
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NAAT methods |
*PCR *bDNA *TMA *SDA |
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PCR |
*used for the quantitation of HCV, HIV, HBV, and CMV |
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bDNA |
*not DNA amplification but quantitative signal amplification for measuring viral load |
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TMA |
*utilizes reverse transcriptase *RNA pol makes thousands of copies of comp RNA seq from sDNA *RNA amplicon is new target for reverse transcriptase |
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SDA |
*amp DNA assay used for detection of C. trachoma's, N. gonorrhoeae and HSV 1 and 2 *DNA needs to be released prior to testing |
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viruses diagnosed by serology |
*HCV *HIV *EBV |
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HPV testing method |
*hybrid capture 2 high and low risk probes *hologic genprboe aptima HPV (mRNA detection by TMA) |
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indirect ELISA |
*ag coated plate captures ab *detects ab |
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sandwich ELISA |
*Detects ag |
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CLIA |
*uses chemical run to emit photons of light
*used to detect ab *ag coated on a solid phase |
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HCV diagnostic testing |
*screening/dx: ab for HCV *Conformation: HCV RNA-viral load *Treatment/monitoring: viral load |
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HCV Test |
*serology *PCR *Genotype (1a harder to respond) *test of cure: SVR (sustained virology testing |
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SVR |
*undetectable amounts of RNA after 6 months of treatment |
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Measles |
*resp *brain *organ/tissue |
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Mumps |
*Brain *organ/tissue *urines |
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RSV |
*Resp *meningitis |
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Adeno |
*Resp *urines *organ/tissue |
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HSV |
*skin *brain *organ/tissue *genital *meningitis |
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VZV |
*Resp *Skin lesion *brain *organ *meningitis |
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CMV |
*brain *organ/tissue *bone marrow *urines *genital |
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Entero |
*meningitis *skin *bone marrow *stool *urine |
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hMPV |
meningitis |
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Roto |
stools |
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Noro |
stools |
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HIV |
bone marrow |
