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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reovirus - morphology
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non-enveloped, icosahedral virus with DOUBLE capsid`
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Reovirus - genome
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dsRNA (10-12 segments)
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Reovirus - genome reassortment?
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yes
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Reovirus - durable?
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yes
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Important family members of Reoviridae.
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Orthoreoviruses - reoviruses 1,2,3
Rotaviruses - -rota Orbiviruses - -arbovirus Coltiviruses - -arbovirus |
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How did we name Coltivirus?
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COLorado TIck fever VIRUS
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Are Orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) significan agents of human disease?
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nope
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Rotavirus - genus
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Reoviridae
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Rotavirus might be the #1 cause of infant death in undeveloped countries. Why?
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dehydration
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Which Rotavirus groups infect humnas?
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A, B, C
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Rotavirus group ____ is responsible for 90% of diarrhea cases.
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A - eww.
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How is rotavirus spread?
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fecal-oral route (possibly respiratory??)
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Why can Rotavirus survive in extreme environments?
in this case, extreme = environment, sewage, GI... not motocross. |
double capsid is REALLY tough.
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Rotovirus - direct or indirect pathology?
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direct - cytolytic
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Rotovirus - symptoms
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gastroenteritis -- vomiting, diarrhea, fever, dehydration
NO blood in stool |
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Rotovirus - where is it cytolytic and why do we care?
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infects columnar epithelial cells of small intestine
blocks water absorption -- watery diarrhea |
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Rotovirus virion must be ____ ____ before it infects cell.
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partially degraded
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Partial degradation of Rotovirus creates what kind of particle?
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ISVP - infectious sub-viral particle
**ISVP can penetrate the cell. |
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Immunity to Rotovirus is associated with ____ in the gut.
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IgA
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Rotovirus - how does it spread?
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fecal-oral
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When is Rotavirus most common?
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fall, winter & spring
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Which groups are most at risk for complications with Rotavirus infection?
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infants (younger than 24 month), especially if malnourished or suffering from concurrent disease
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Rotavirus - laboratory testing
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direct testing of virus in stool
(based on latex agglutination or ELISA) **can use serology (IgG) almost never done |
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Rotavirus - Treatment
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electrolyte replacement (cheap and effective...)
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Rotavirus - vaccine
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RotaTeq -- recommended in well baby schedule
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Do Orbiviruses infect humans?
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nope - spread by arthropods
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Coltivirus - how can you be infected?
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arthropods (ticks, specifically)
ARthropod BOrne VIRUS - arbovirus |
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How do Coltiviruses differ from reoviruses and rotaviruses?
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outer capsid is less defined, viremic
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Where does Colorado Tick Fever occur?
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Western North America
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Colorado Tick Fever infects erythroid precursor cells. Does it destroy them?
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nope - virions remain in mature RBCs in a persistent cell-associated viremia
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How are Coltivirus virons protected from immune system clearance?
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remain in mature RBCs in a persistent cell-associated viremia
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Coltivirus - what happens if it infects endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells?
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HEMORRHAGE!!!
and, you know... death |
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Neuronal infections with Coltivirus can cause ____.
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encephalitis
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How long might Coltivirus persist?
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weeks or months
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Coltivirus - incubation period
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3-6 days
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Colorado Tick Fever - symptoms
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usually mild or sub-clinical, but acute disease is similar to Dengue fever
fever, chills, headache, photophobia, myalgia arthralgia and lethargy |
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Colorado Tick Fever is a biphasic disease. What characterizes the second phase?
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period of fever, conjunctivitis, possibly a maculopapular rash
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Why must you differentiate Colorado Tick Fever from Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is treatable (and caused by bact)
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How does one acquire Colorado Tick Fever?
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tick bite
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Colorado Tick Fever - Laboratory Diagnosis
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**must be done at state or regional health lab
viral antigen detected in RBC smear after antibody staining and IF Serology to detect IgM can be performed (acute v. convalescent sera) |
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Colorado Tick Fever - treatment
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no treatment, but disease is self-limiting
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Can people infected with Coltivirus donate blood?
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nope.
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Colorado Tick Fever - Prevention
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avoiding tick bites (DEET, long sleeved shirts, etc).
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Colorado Tick Fever - vaccine
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Vaccines aren't in use for general public, but may be available to workers whose jobs put them at risk -- ranchers, loggers, rangers
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Rhabdoviridae - structure
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enveloped with BULLET shaped morphology
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Rhabdoviridae - genome
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(-)ssRNA - heliocapsid
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Rhabdoviridae - important family members
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Vesicular Stomatitis Virus = prototype, but not significant in humans.
RABIES - most important for humans, causes encephalitis. |
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Rabies Virus - mode of transmission
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Normally, transmitted by a bite from infected animal
(another possible mode is aerosol inhalation of bat feces) |
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Rabies Virus - primary infection - how long does it last?
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replicates SLOWLY at infection site
can last days to months |
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Rabies virus is a ____ virus.
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neurotropic
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Describe movement of the rabies virus.
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Virus travels to DRG and spinal cord by retrograde axoplasmic transport.
Virus replicates in the brain, then spreads by afferent neurons to skin, salivary glands, retina, corneal nasal mucosa, adrenal medulla. Further replication occurs in SALIVARY glands and virus sheds in saliva. |
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Rabies viral infection eventually causes what CNS effets?
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encephalitis, neuronal degeneration
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Once symptoms of rabies infection appear, ____ is almost certain.
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death
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Rabies Virus - clinical management
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supportive care and neuroprotective measures, including drug-induced coma, ventilator support.
Intravenous RIBIVARIN may be used. |
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Rabies Virus - disease phases
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1) Incubation
2) Prodrome 3) Neurologic 4) Coma 5) Death |
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Who should get a rabies vaccine?
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animal handlers, zoo workers, veterinarians, animal control officers, etc.
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Rabies Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis
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done at state lab
Virus detected by immunohistochemistry (MAB and polyclonal anitbodies) Histology (if their dead!) - Negri bodies |
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Rabies Virus - Postexposure prophylaxix
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Wash wound with soap, passice antibody injection, immunization.
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