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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Naked viruses
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Contain DNA or RNA and a protein coat called a capsid = nucleocapsid. Do not have phospholipid layer
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Specimen collection for virus
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Viral shedding highest at beginning of disease. Swabs (calcium alginate can inhibit replication of virus).
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Herpes viruses
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dsDNA, icosahedral capsid, envelope, and latent and lifelong persistence.
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Herpes simplex viruses
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Adults: 80% infected w/ type 1 (mouth lesions and blisters) and 20% w/ type 2 (genital herpes). Spread by contact w/ secretions. Usually asymptomatic w/ mucous lesions.
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Varicella Zoster
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Herpes virus. Varicella (chicken pox) usually in children and highly contagious. Zoster (shingles) is reactivation of varicella; lesions very painful.
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Ebstein-Barr virus
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Herpes virus. Cause of infectious mononucleosis aka "kissing disease". Transmission by infected saliva. Associated w/ Burkitts lymphoma.
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Cytomegalovirus
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Herpes virus. Spread by close contact (saliva or blood). Mostly asymptomatic. Slow growing (takes up to 3 weeks to see CPE).
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Human papilloma virus (HPV)
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DNA virus, icosahedral, envelopes. Genital warts, cervical cancer. Pap smears for dx. Vaccine available (preteens 11-12).
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Noroviruses
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ssRNA. Naked virus. Most common cause of gastroenteritis in US.
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Ebola virus
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ssRNA. The Hot Zone. Highly infectious and deadly. Causes hemorrhagic fever. Possibly from infection by monkeys.
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Influenza viruses types A and B
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ssRNA. Surface antigens: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase for attaching to RBC surfaces and respiratory epithelial cells.
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Antigenic shift
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Major changes of surface antigens. Only associated w/ Influenza A.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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Single-stranded RNA. Most common virus isolated from infants w/ lower respiratory tract infections. By 2 years almost all children infected w/ RSV. Highly contagious and spread via aerosols.
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HIV
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ssRNA retrovirus. Attacks CD4 T cells. Weakens immune system. Confirmatory dx by Western blot.
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Hepatitis A
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Naked, icosahedral, ssRNA. Associated w/ food-borne illness. Fecal-oral route. Self limiting symptoms. Vaccine available.
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Hepatitis B
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dsDNA, enveloped. Transmitted sexually or blood.
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Hepatitis C
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ssRNA w/ lipid envelope. Cause of blood transfusion hepatitis. No vaccine. Increased liver enzymes, including ALT.
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Prions
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Proteinaceous infectious particles. Lack nucleic acid. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and "mad cow disease".
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Adenovirus
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DNA, icosahedral, no envelope.
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Hepatitis B serological indicators
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HBsAg: first positive marker; negative after pt recovers (remains positive in chronic infections)
Anti-HBsAg: positive for life, but indicates recovery or immunity Anti-HBcAg-IgM: recent acute infection Anti-HBcAg: positive in acute infection but does not indicate recovery or immunity HBeAg: positive in acute/chronic stages Anti-HBeAb: associated w/ good prognosis |
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Hepatitis D
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RNA. HBV present before HDV is infective.
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Hepatitis E
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RNA. Spread by contaminated water.
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Retrovirus
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RNA virus, icosahedral, envelopes. Have reverse transcriptase (transcribes RNA into DNA)
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