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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Hepatobiliary system



Anatomy of Liver Segments

Liver Blood Supply




What happens if 1 vessel is interrupted?

Hepatic Sinusoids (normal and abnormal)

Liver Function

Histological Pattern of Liver Injury can Indicate what conditions?

Purpose of Liver tests, liver function tests, pattern of Liver injury. Do they lead to a diagnosis?

Liver Chemistry Panel (Liver Tests, Liver Function tests)




What indicates



ALT AST are associated with hepatocellular disease 


 ALT- specific for liver diseases


 AST- skeletal muscle, brain and heart tissue (less specific)

ALT AST are associated with hepatocellular disease




ALT- specific for liver diseases




AST- skeletal muscle, brain and heart tissue (less specific)

What is bilirubin and how is it excreted?




Direct vsIndirect Bilirubin?




High levels of water soluble bilirubin can cause what characteristic?

What are patterns of injury? Be specific?




What can labs assess synthetic function of the liver?

Synthetic function test can be abnormal  for many reasons ie nephrotic syndrome, hemolytic amenia

Synthetic function test can be abnormal for many reasons ie nephrotic syndrome, hemolytic amenia

What is cholestasis? What are the two types? What does it indicate?

problems within the level, cellular level (intrahepatic) 


 obstruction of ducts (extrahepatic)

problems within the level, cellular level (intrahepatic)




obstruction of ducts (extrahepatic)

bile plugs, rust colored, cholestic

bile plugs, rust colored, cholestic

How does AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, Bilirubin, and Protime relate to Hepatocellular an Cholestasis Injury?

Pro time decreased:  absorption preserved by hepatocyte mass is lost (Hepatocellular injury)


Pro time Increase:
fat soluble dep factors 2, 7, 9, and 10 cannot be absorbed (cant absorb vitamins (cholestasis)

Pro time decreased: absorption preserved by hepatocyte mass is lost (Hepatocellular injury)




Pro time Increase:


fat soluble dep factors 2, 7, 9, and 10 cannot be absorbed (cant absorb vitamins (cholestasis)

What is the Sx and Ddx of Cholestasis?



Ace Inhibitors

Ace Inhibitors

What is the Sx and Ddx of Hepatocellular Injury?

List the Viral Hepatitis




Which are DNA and RNA viruses?

Hepatitis A:


Mode of Transmission, Natural History, Cause of Outbreaks




When is it Serious?

Hepatitis A:Mode of Transmission, Natural History, Cause of Outbreaks When is it Serious?

Hepatitis A:Mode of Transmission, Natural History, Cause of Outbreaks When is it Serious?

Hepatitis A:




Markers of Acute infection and Disease resolution




Clinical Scenarios, Treatment , and Prevention



Hepatitis B: Wha is it? Symptoms? Risk of Transmission?

Hepatitis B: Acute vs ironic




Significance of Vertical Transmission

Hepatitis B Serologic Profile

Hepatitis B: Serology Graphical

Hepatitis B: Hepatitis Surface Antigen

Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B Surface Antibody vs Hepatitis Core Antibody

Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B Surface Antibody

Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B e Antigen

Hepatitis B: Phases of Chronic Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B:


DNA level measured correlates to what?

Hepatitis B:




Chronic Hepatitis B General Treatment, Complicaiotns, Seroconversions,

Hepatitis B:




Specific Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis and Complications

Hepatitis C (Etiology)

Hepatitis C:




How often to patients get this and can it clear? Acute or Chronic?

Hepatitis C:




Risk of Transmission (main difference)

Hepatitis C:




Genotypes and why are they significant?

Hepatitis C:




Acute Hepatitis ClinicalManifestation and Labs

Hepatitis C:




Goal of Treatment and What is used to Treat is?

Hepatitis C:




What is Combination Therapy?

Hepatitis D: What is it




Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestation

Hepatitis D:




Diagnosis and Serology

Hepatitis E

What is Cirrhosis and the etiology?

Identify the normal and abnormal liver.

Identify the normal and abnormal liver.

Cirrhosis: Clinical Presentation

Scoring System for Cirrhosis: Child Pugh

Scoring System for Cirrhosis: MELD

Compensated vs Decompensated Cirrhosis

Decompensating Events in Cirrhosis

In cirrhosis, what might develop due to high bilirubin levels? Why does this occur?

How can cirrhosis affect veins?

Cirrhosis can lead to what conditions in the setting of portal hypertension ?

Treatment of Cirrhosis

What is GGT?

sensitive but not specific




Used when alkaline phsopahtase is highbone, intestinal tract o biliary tree




normal GGT suggests it is not coming from the biliary tree (require an alternative diagnosis)




elevated GGT suggests it is coming from the biliary tree (cholestatic process)