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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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simple harmonic motion
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Simple harmonic motion occurs when the restoring and displacing forces are equal in magnitude.
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period
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The amount of time needed to complete a single cycle
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amplitude
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The maximum height a wave moves from the neutral position
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frequency
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The number of cycles a wave completes in a given time usually one second.
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transverse wave
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A wave in which the motion is perpendicular to the source of the motion.
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longitudinal wave
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A wave in which the motion is in the same direction as the source. Longitudinal waves include sound waves and are the only kind of waves the normally move through fluids.
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mechanical waves
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A wave that is visible. These waves require a medium.
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wavelength
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The distance it takes for a wave to repeat itself.
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wave speed
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The speed of a wave depends on the medium it is in. It is found by v=d/t.
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constructive interference
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Occurs when two waves are on the same side of the equilibrium. The resulting wave is greater than the individual waves.
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destructive interference
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This occurs when two waves are out of phase. This results in a short period in which there appears to be no wave.
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crest
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The highest point the wave reaches.
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trough
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The lowest point the wave reaches.
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node
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A place in a wave of average pressure.
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antinode
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A place in a wave of high or low pressure.
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reflection
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Reflection occurs when a wave hits a barrier and reflects at a different. the law of reflection states the angle of reflection always equals the angle of incidence.
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refraction
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Refraction occurs when the wave moves from one medium to another, such as from deep to shallow water. The wavelength changes but the frequency does not.
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diffraction
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Diffraction occurs when the waves bend around a barrier and fill in the space behind it.
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Doppler Effect
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The frequency shift that occurs when either the sender or receiver of sound moves.
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resonance
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This occurs when the timing of the pulse of the oscillation is to the period the oscillation
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timbre
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The quality of the sound produced
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What factors affect the period of a spring or mass?
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mass, spring constant
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What factors affect the period of a pendulum?
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Length of the string and gravity
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How does a change in frequency affect the wave's speed?
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The higher the frequency the faster the wave moves.
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How does a change in amplitude affect the wave's speed?
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The amplitude and the speed of waves are not related.
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How does the frequency affect the wavelength?
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The frequency and the wavelength are inversely related.
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What happens to a wave when it reaches a fixed end?
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The pulse is bounced back on the opposite side.
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What happens to a wave when it reaches a loose end?
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The pulse reflects back on the same side?
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What happens to a wave when it reaches a boundary between two media?
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Refraction will occur. The speed of the wave and the wavelength will change, but the frequency will not.
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Law of Reflection
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The law of reflection states that the incident and reflected angles will have the same measure.
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What happens when waves pass through an opening?
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They will diffract. The waves will bend and gradually fill up the space behind the opening. The smaller the opening the bigger the wavelength.
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What are the conditions needed for resonance on a string?
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-String must be attached on both ends
-Occur at every half wavelength -Must be a node at each end |
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What are the conditions for resonance in an open pipe?
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-Must have a node at each end
-Occurs at every half length |
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What are the conditions for resonance in a closed pipe?
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-Must have a node at one and an antinode on the other
-Occur only in odd number harmonics -Every half wavelength staring with 1/4, then 3/4, 5/4 etc... |
