Vett 130 Small Animal Nursing Ii Exam 1

Front 1

The fat soluble vitamins include
A) A and D
B) E and K
C) A and C
D) B complex and C
E) a and b

Back 1

E

Front 2

Which of the following are dietary sources of starches for dogs and cats? (Check all that apply)
A) Rice
B) Grass
C) Wood
D) Oats
E) Corn

Back 2

Rice, Oats, and Corn

Front 3

Amino Acids are the building blocks of
A) Proteins
B) Vitamins
C) Minerals
D) Fats
E) Carbohydrates

Back 3

A

Front 4

Which of the following are functions of dietary fat? (Check all that apply)
A) Improves palatibility
B) Concentrated source of energy
C) Acts as carriers for Vitamins B,C
D) Acts as carriers for Vitamins A,D,E,K
E) Improves palatibility

Back 4

a,b,d,e

Front 5

How much water needs to be lost from the body before the animal becomes seriously ill?
A) 10 %
B) 20 %
C) 30 %
D) 40 %

Back 5

A

Front 6

Which of the following statements are true with regards to taurine? (Check all that apply)
A) Taurine is an essential amino acid for cats
B) Found in high quantities in meat and fish
C) Dog food is primarily plant based foods and taurine in nonexistent in these foods
D) Not found in vegetarian diets

Back 6

a,b,c,d

Front 7

Fats and oils are required for
A) Energy
B) Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
C) Improved palatability of food
D) Provides essential fatty acids
E) All of the above

Back 7

e

Front 8

Soluble carbohydrates for dogs and cats are:
A) complex carbohydrates such as cellulose and lignin (grass, plants, wood) Indigestible by the monogastric stomach
B) Sugars and starches that can be digested and absorbed in the small intestine
C) Lignin
D) Grass

Back 8

b

Front 9

The macro-mineral whose functions include maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and waste excretion is/are:
A) Sodium / Chloride
B) Phosphorus
C) Iron
D) Iodine

Back 9

a

Front 10

It is perfectly acceptable to feed cats regular dog food on a long term basis.
A) False
B) True

Back 10

a

Front 11

Define

Nutrient

Back 11

a substance derived from food that is used by the body to carry out all of its normal functions.

Front 12

Define

essential nutrients

Back 12

nutrients that cannot be manufactured by the body but must be obtained through diet.

Front 13

Define

non-essential nutrients

Back 13

Nutrients that can be manufactured by the body.

Front 14

Name the 6 categories of nutrients in order of amounts needed starting with the highest first.

Back 14

Water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals.

Front 15

Which nutrients provide energy?

Back 15

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Front 16

Of the 3 energy-producing nutrients, which provides about 2.5 as much energy per gram as the other 2?

Back 16

Fat.

Front 17

What is the most important nutrient? Why?

Back 17

Water. Most animals cannot survive more than a few days without it.

Front 18

What are the building blocks for protein?

Back 18

Amino Acids.

Front 19

What is the composition of proteins?

Back 19

Chains of acid and basic amino acids.

Front 20

What are the essential amino acids

Back 20

Amino acids that must be present in the diet because the animal cannot make them or make them fast enough for the body’s needs.

Front 21

List the dietary sources of protein

Back 21

Animal based products and plant-based products.

Front 22

What are the functions of protein?

Back 22

Tissue growth and repair; skin, hair, nails, connective tissue, muscle, organs, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, energy.

Front 23

What is “crude protein”? How does this differ from biologic value of protein?

Back 23

The amount of protein in a food. Biologic value is the percentage of absorbable protein that is available for productive body functions.

Front 24

What effect does heating food have on proteins?

Back 24

Heating can denature proteins.

Front 25

What is an essential amino acid required by cats? What is the source of this amino acid in food?

Back 25

Taurine. Found in meat and fish.

Front 26

What is the energy content of Proteins?

Back 26

~ 3.5 kcal energy/ gram.

Front 27

List the 3 major categories of carbohydrates.

Back 27

Sugars, starches, and cellulose

Front 28

List the dietary sources for each of the carbohydrate categories

Back 28

Sugars – fruits, sugar cane, honey, milk, and sugar beets. Starches – grains, root vegetables and legumes. Cellulose – most vegetables.

Front 29

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Back 29

It is broken down by the body into glucose that is used by the cell to make other molecules including ATP – the major fuel for the body.

Front 30

What is the difference between soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in dogs and cats?

Back 30

Insoluble fiber is not digestible in dogs and cats.

Front 31

What category of carbohydrates may be used in weight loss diets and for diabetic animals? How does this work?

Back 31

Insoluble fiber. It works by increasing bulk in the intestines and making the animal feel fuller with reduced calorie intake.

Front 32

Where does glucose come from?

Back 32

Carbohydrates

Front 33

What cells of the body rely almost exclusively on glucose for their energy needs?

Back 33

Red blood cells and neurons.

Front 34

Where is glucose stored and in what form?

Back 34

It is stored in the liver or in adipose tissue as glycogen.

Front 35

What is the energy content of Carbohydrates?

Back 35

~ 3.5 kcal energy/gram

Front 36

What are Lipids / Fats composed of?

Back 36

Chains of fatty acids.

Front 37

What are the functions of dietary fat?

Back 37

Stores twice as much potential energy by weight as proteins or carbohydrates, makes food taste good, staves off hunger, helps the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins. It is an insulator and cushions vital organs.

Front 38

List the dietary sources of lipids

Back 38

Plant based oils, meat and dairy products.

Front 39

Define and list the essential fatty acids

Back 39

Essential fatty acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be in the body. Linolic acid and arachidonic acids are essential fatty acids.

Front 40

What is the energy content of Fats?

Back 40

~ 8.5 kcal energy/gram

Front 41

Of carbohydrates, proteins, fat, which has the most potential energy content?

Back 41

Fat.

Front 42

List the fat-soluble vitamins

Back 42

A,D,E,K

Front 43

Where are the F-S Vitamins stored?

Back 43

Fat.

Front 44

How are the F-S Vitamins absorbed?

Back 44

By binding to ingested lipids and then absorbed with ingesta.

Front 45

What can occur if these vitamins are over supplemented in the diet?

Back 45

Toxicity due to hypervitaminosis.

Front 46

List the water-soluble vitamins.

Back 46

C and 8 of the B vitamins.

Front 47

Are the W-S Vitamins stored in the body?

Back 47

Only in very small amounts.

Front 48

What occurs with excess W-S Vitamins?

Back 48

Excreted in the urine.

Front 49

Most commonly, what can occur if these vitamins are over supplemented in the diet?

Back 49

Toxicity is rare as excess is excreted in the urine.

Front 50

What is an essential vitamin that must be supplied in food for guinea pigs but can be made in other species? List some sources of this vitamin

Back 50

Vitamin C. Fruits and vitamin C fortified food pellets.

Front 51

What are the 2 most abundant minerals in the body and what are they used for?

Back 51

Calcium and phosphorus. Bone development.

Front 52

Which minerals function to give bones strength?

Back 52

Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts.

Front 53

What is the function of

calcium

Back 53

Constituent of bone and teeth, blood
clotting, muscle function, nerve
transmission, membrane permeability

Front 54

What is the function of

Phosphorus

Back 54

Constituent of bone and teeth; muscle
formation; fat, carbohydrates; and protein
metabolism; phospholipid and energy
production; reproduction

Front 55

What is the function of

Potassium

Back 55

Muscle contraction, transmission of nerve
impulses, acid-base imbalance, osmotic
balance, enzyme cofactor (energy transfer)

Front 56

What is the function of

Sodium Chloride

Back 56

Osmotic pressure, acid-base balance,
transmission of nerve impulses, nutrient
uptake, waste excretion, water metabolism

Front 57

What is the function of

Iron

Back 57

Enzyme constituent: activation of O 2
(oxidases, oxygenases), O 2 transport
(hemoglobin, myoglobin)

Front 58

What is the function of

Iodine

Back 58

Constituent of thyroxine and
triiodothyronine

Front 59

What may occur in cats that are fed dog food or home-cooked vegetarian meals? Why? (This is important to know when you are asked by a client your opinion about feeding cats foods other than a balanced home-cooked meal or balanced cat food.)

Back 59

These diets may not have enough taurine in them and will lead to a deficiency. Irreversible retinal degeneration leading to blindness and dilated cardiopyopathy can be the result.

Front 60

Do you think that cats whose diets consist mainly of rodents and birds have problems with taurine deficiency? Why?

Back 60

No, Taurine is found in high quantities in meat.

Front 61

What occurs if an animal is unable to consume the required levels of amino acids? Understand what occurs in the 3 stages of starvation

Back 61

Amino acids are catabolized from fat to produce glucose and eventually from proteins (organs).

Front 62

What vitamin is found in high concentration in the liver and what can occur if an animal is fed a diet high in liver?

Back 62

Vitamin A. A toxic condition in the liver would result.

Front 63

When do you think that problems can arise - With ingestion of high levels of water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamins? Why?

Back 63

Excess water-soluble vitamins are usually excreted in the urine within an hour while fat-soluble vitamins remain in the liver and fat stores and toxicity can build up.

Front 64

What are the clinical signs of protein deficiency?

Back 64

Loss of weight and muscle mass.

Front 65

If an animal is given high doses of Vitamins A or E, can toxicities occur? Why?

Back 65

Yes. These are fat-soluble and excesses are stored in fat and not excreted so they can build up to toxic levels.

Front 66

What is the function of Vitamin K? What would occur with a Vit. K deficiency?

Back 66

Generation of clotting factors and many proteins made by liver. Without it there would be increased clotting times and a protein deficiency.

Front 67

What commonly used pest control with the specific ingredient can interfere with Vitamin K availability?

Back 67

Rat poison containing Wafarin.

Front 68

Fats and oils are required for
A) Energy
B) Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
C) Improved palatability of food
D) Provides essential fatty acids
E) All of the above

Back 68

E

Front 69

Soluble carbohydrates for dogs and cats are:
A) complex carbohydrates such as cellulose and lignin (grass, plants, wood) Indigestible by the monogastric stomach
B) Sugars and starches that can be digested and absorbed in the small intestine
C) Lignin
D) Grass

Back 69

B

Front 70

What is the most important nutrient?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Vitamin D
C) Water
D) Protein

Back 70

C

Front 71

Insoluble fiber can be used in dogs and cats for which of the following conditions? (Check all that apply)
A) Obese animals - Weight loss diet
B) Is a cheap source of digestible carbohydrates
C) Should be increased over the recommended amount for all animals
D) Diabetes

Back 71

a,d

Front 72

Essential requirements for animals include
A) Vitamins, proteins water
B) Fats, minerals, amino acids
C) Oxygen, water, and energy
D) Carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins

Back 72

c

Front 73

The essential fatty acids (EFAs) include
A) Linoleic acid
B) Amino acids
C) Arachidonic acid
D) Linolenic acid
E) a, c, and d

Back 73

e

Front 74

Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body so that a daily intake is not required.
A) True
B) False

Back 74

a

Front 75

What vitamin is found in high concentration in the liver and oversupplementation can result in toxicity?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin B complex
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D

Back 75

c

Front 76

Examples of herbivores are __________
A) Dog
B) Cat and dog
C) Horse and cow
D) Cat

Back 76

c

Front 77

Taurine is obtained only from
A) Carbohydrates
B) Plants
C) Minerals
D) Animal proteins

Back 77

d

Front 78

In cats, Linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic are examples of:
A) Non-essential amino acids
B) Essential amino acids
C) Non-essential fatty acids
D) Essential fatty acids

Back 78

d

Front 79

Insoluble fiber in an animal's diet helps to stabilize blood surgar levels by extending the time that the nutrients are absorbed.
A) True
B) False

Back 79

a

Front 80

Animals require what basic components of food
A) Water
B) Protein, fat, carbohydrates
C) Vitamins, Minerals
D) All of the above

Back 80

d

Front 81

Which of the following statements are true regarding amino acids/proteins? (Check all that apply)
A) If the animal is unable to consume the required levels of amino acids (ie during starvation) the breakdown of protein in the viscera and skeletal muscle will then occur.
B) Pets with trauma, an infection, severe sepsis, or burns will increase protein turnover
C) High quality protein is especially needed during periods of growth, physical exertion, pregnancy, lactation, and for the repair of damaged tissues
D) Dietary proteins must be consumed every day to replace amino acids lost to catabolism

Back 81

all are true

Front 82

The macromineral whose functions include: composition of bone and teeth; important in blood clotting, nerve transmission is:
A) Sodium/Chloride
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Potassium

Back 82

b

Front 83

Understand the differences between moist, semi-moist, and dry foods: the water content and characteristics of each.

Back 83

Dry: 3-11% water, less palatable than moist or canned food, less expensive, suitable for free-choice feeding. Semi-Moist: 25-40% water, very palatable, contains simple sugars and artificial flavors impart a sweet taste, increased sodium content. Canned: 70 – 83% water, very palatable, expensive, use with time-limited feeding.

Front 84

Nutritional requirements for dogs are based on which of the following?
A) Breed / size
B) Lifestage
C) Activity level
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Back 84

e

Front 85

Bovine milk is higher in protein and lower in lactose than canine milk.
A) True
B) False

Back 85

b

Front 86

Which of the following are added to some pet foods as antioxidants to help prevent the fat in the food from going rancid?
A) BHA, BHT, Ethoxyquin
B) Vitamin D3
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin B-Complex

Back 86

a

Front 87

What does AAFCO stand for and what is its function? Who is on this board?

Back 87

The Association of American Feed Control Officials composed of feed officials from each state.

Front 88

On the pet food label, what are 3 important points of the AAFCO Statement

Back 88

Whether the food is complete and balanced, which life stage of the dog the food is intended for, and substantiation of the first 2 claims.

Front 89

What are the 3 life stages recognized by the AAFCO?

Back 89

Adult, growth and reproduction.

Front 90

List the 2 methods for supporting the claim that a food is complete and balanced.

Back 90

Analysis using laboratory or computer-based models and using feeding protocols.

Front 91

Why is the use of feeding protocols by dog food manufacturers better for substantiating claims of dog foods?

Back 91

It’s more of a biological evaluation of a product than a laboratory or computer model.

Front 92

What information is required on the labels of all dog and cat foods in the U.S.?

Back 92

Product name, net weight, name and address of the producer, guaranteed analysis, the words “dog” food, a statement of nutritional adequacy, a statement of methods used for substantiating nutritional adequacy

Front 93

On the pet food label, in what order are the ingredients listed?

Back 93

They are listed in descending order of predominance by weight.

Front 94

What do the terms “crude protein”, crude fat” and “crude fiber” refer to? Do these terms describe nutrient quality or availability?

Back 94

The terms refer to the analytical methods used to estimate the level of each nutrient and have no bearing on nutrient quality or availability.

Front 95

On the ingredient list, can the quality of the food be determined? What is the purpose of the ingredient list?

Back 95

No. AAFCO regulations prohibit any reference to quality or grade of ingredients.

Front 96

Understand the rules for naming pet foods (Compare Dinner/platter/entrée foods with flavored foods with beef foods)

Back 96

) 95% Rule: 95% of the product must be the named ingredient(s) (not counting water added for processing and condiments, if counting water 70%). 25% AKA Dinner Rule: Named ingredients comprise at least 25% (not counting water for processing) and less than 95%. The 3% or “With” Rule: the ingredient listed after “with” makes up at least 3% of the product. Flavor Rule: a product must be in sufficient amount to be detected.

Front 97

How is “Crude” protein, etc determined? By feeding trials?

Back 97

By laboratory assays and not by feeding studies.

Front 98

How can the nutritional performance of a pet food be determined?

Back 98

Only by feeding studies with a large number of dogs or cats conducted by the manufacturer in accordance with recognized testing procedures such as those established by AAFCO.

Front 99

What are some of the additives that may be added to pet foods and for what reasons?

Back 99

Natural additives – to supplement those nutrients provided by the primary ingredients to achieve a high degree of nutritional balance found in good quality pet foods. Antioxidants are added to help prevent the fat in the food from becoming rancid.

Front 100

Why are BHA, BHT, Ethoxyquin, and Mixed Tocopherols added to some pet foods?

Back 100

To help prevent fat rancidity.

Front 101

How often do growing puppies need to eat?

Back 101

4-5x/day

Front 102

How much more protein do adult cats require than do adults of omnivorous species?

Back 102

2-3 times

Front 103

What amino acids are required in the diet of cats because they cannot synthesize these?

Back 103

Taurine, Arginine, methionine, and cysteine.

Front 104

How do cats differ from dogs in requirements for vitamins?

Back 104

Cats require increased amount of water-soluble B vitamins.

Front 105

Why might canned foods be better for cats?

Back 105

Cats have a less sensitive response to thirst and dehydration and canned food contains the highest amount of water.

Front 106

What type of diet would be beneficial in the management of cats with diabetes?

Back 106

High protein, low CHO diets and low fiber diets.

Front 107

Nasogastric feeding tubes should always be lubricated with something like KY jelly prior to placement.
A) True
B) False

Back 107

a

Front 108

The term that describes using some portion of the GI tract to provide nutrients is:
A) Enteral feeding
B) Intravenous feeding
C) Parenteral feeding
D) NPO

Back 108

a

Front 109

Enteral feeding may be accomplished using
A) TPR
B) PEG tube and nasogastric tube
C) NPO
D) IV catheter

Back 109

b

Front 110

PEG tubes are used for parenteral feeding.
A) True
B) False

Back 110

b

Front 111

A good way to medicate an animal that has not eaten in several days includes all of the following except:

A) IM route
B) IV route
C) Oral route
D) Subcutaneous route

Back 111

c

Front 112

Routes of administration of medications include
A) All of the above
B) Subcutaneous route
C) Oral route
D) IV route
E) Intradermal route

Back 112

a

Front 113

When administering a medication IV, once the needle is in the vein, what should you always do first?
A) Inject the medication quickly before the animal jerks it's arm back
B) Aspirate the syringe to make sure that the needle is in the vein prior to injecting the medication
C) Inject the medication slowly
D) Flush with heparinized saline

Back 113

b

Front 114

With no complications, you can leave an IV catheter in the same vein for
A) 48-72 hours
B) 4 days
C) 14 days
D) 6 days

Back 114

a

Front 115

The most common vein used for IV catheterization is the
A) Femoral
B) Saphenous
C) Tricep
D) Cephalic

Back 115

d

Front 116

You should always be very careful when restraining animals with respiratory and cardiac problems and animals that have suffered trauma.
A) True
B) False

Back 116

a

Front 117

Options available that may help you administer oral medications include: (Check all that apply)
A) Pill Pockets
B) Transdermal preparations - some medications may be prepared for a patch that allows the drug to be absorbed through the skin
C) Pill gun
D) Flavored liquids that contain the medication

Back 117

a, b,c,d

Front 118

What are some commonly used medications that are administered via the SQ route? (Check all that apply)
A) Vaccines
B) SQ fluids
C) Antibiotics
D) Drugs specifically for IM use can also be give by the SQ route

Back 118

a,b,c,d

Front 119

Which of the following should ALWAYS be checked prior to administering ANY type of medication to an animal? (Check all that apply)
A) Name of the medication
B) Dose/strength of the medication
C) Expiration date of medication
D) Patient's name on the medication
E) Route to administer medication

Back 119

a,b,c,d,e

Front 120

The muscle groups that are commonly used for IM injections include
A) Lumbar, quadriceps, semimembranous
B) Jugular, cephalic, and tricep
C) Saphenous, lateral saphenous, and jugular
D) Cephalic, femoral, and saphenous

Back 120

a

Front 121

Cats are always easier to restrain for a long period of time plus are more easily dominated vs restraining a dog.
A) True
B) False

Back 121

b

Front 122

Restraining normal healthy animals may cause stress and possible psychological damage if done incorrectly.
A) True
B) False

Back 122

a

Front 123

The form of eye medication that is a liquid that is best placed on the animal's sclera is a/an:
A) Injectable
B) Ointment
C) Transdermal
D) Solution

Back 123

d

Front 124

A 16 gauge needle is larger than a 22 gauge needle.
A) True
B) False

Back 124

a

Front 125

It is important to administer water orally to an animal after it has been given a pill.
A) True
B) False

Back 125

a

Front 126

Which of the following should be checked every 4 hours in an animal that has an IV catheter? (Check all that apply)
A) Swelling of the leg
B) Check for phlebitis
C) Patency of the catheter if no fluids are being used
D) Tenderness or pain or redness

Back 126

a,b,c,d

Front 127

Injecting medication by which of the following route may result in the following complications:

Injection into or puncture of the sciatic nerve
Incorrectly injecting the medication into a vein
Generally more painful than other types of routes
A) IV route
B) IM route
C) Transdermal route
D) SQ route

Back 127

b

Front 128

Is it important to clean the eye prior to administering ophthalmic medications?
A) Yes
B) No, it is not beneficial

Back 128

a

Front 129

Which route for injection should be used when the following are used/needed?

Extremely fast onset of action of medication
Large volumes of fluids
Drugs that are irritating to the tissue
Certain drugs needed in emergency situations
A) Transdermal route
B) IV route
C) SQ route
D) IM route

Back 129

b

Front 130

"Scruffing" is a helpful technique used to help restrain a cat because it causes release of endorphins and helps calm the cat.
A) True
B) False

Back 130

a

Front 131

Administer medications by the SQ route is recommended in dehydrated or critically ill patients when immediate absorption of the drug is needed
A) True
B) False

Back 131

b

Front 132

What are some things to do when restraining a cat? (Check all that apply)
A) Distraction techniques sometimes help
B) Remove equipment from the exam table initially
C) Use the minimum amount of restraint possible to keep you, coworkers, and the cat safe.
D) Make sure that all doors and windows are closed before removing the cat from the cage / carrier.

Back 132

a,v,c,d

Front 133

When restraining a brachycephalic breed, such as a Bulldog, what possible complications can occur due to the anatomy of these animals? (Check all that apply)
A) Bulldogs typically have a soft palate which is very long and may result in respiratory distress
B) Bulldogs are very sensitive to stressful events and may die suddenly due to respiratory distress or hyperthermia
C) Bulldogs have difficulty regulating their body temperature during restraint, hyperthermia may occur
D) Bulldogs sometimes will suffer from collapse of the tracheal and respiratory distress will occur

Back 133

a,b,c,d

Front 134

Restraint techniques may include: (Check all that apply)
A) Cloth muzzles or 2" gauze made into a muzzle
B) Towel
C) Leash
D) Chemical restraint (drugs)

Back 134

a,b,c,d

Front 135

Some possible complications which may occur when restraining a cat include: (Check all that apply)
A) Injury to cat or humans
B) Sudden death if the cat has a medical condition - example: Cardiac or Respiratory Disease
C) No complications can occur because the cat must ALWAYS be held tightly during a procedure
D) Hyperthermia

Back 135

a,b,d

Front 136

Why would you want to administer a small amount of water orally after pilling an animal? (Check all that apply)
A) This is not necessary especially with medication in a capsule
B) Helps to avoid esophagitis or ulcers
C) The animal will always swallow and the pill will always get into the stomach as soon as it is swallowed
D) Helps to get the pill down into the animal's stomach

Back 136

b,d

Front 137

More restraint for all animals is always preferred
A) False
B) True

Back 137

a

Front 138

Which of the following lymph nodes can usually be palpated in a normal dog? (Check all that apply)
A) Mandibular LN
B) Axillary LN
C) Popliteal LN
D) Prescapular LN

Back 138

a,c,d

Front 139

A stressed animal may exhibit an elevated heart and respiratory rate.
A) True
B) False

Back 139

a

Front 140

What instrument would be used to examine the ear canals?
A) CRT
B) Otoscope
C) Tonometer
D) Ophthalmoscope

Back 140

b

Front 141

Which of the following are true statements regarding a Capillary Refill Time? (Check all that apply)
A) CRT longer than 3 seconds indicates poor circulation / perfusion
B) Normal CRT is approximately 2 seconds
C) Indicates perfusion
D) Is easily performed and requires no special equipment

Back 141

a,b,c,d

Front 142

Upon entering the exam room and greeting the client and patient, what is the first thing that you should do at the start of the PE?
A) Examine the patient's head
B) Examine the patient's abdominal area
C) Observe the patient at a distance and evaluate mentation, movement, temperment
D) Take the TPR

Back 142

c

Front 143

What can occur if you cut the toenail into the quick?
A) Pain
B) Bleeding
C) Aversion to having nails clipped again
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Back 143

e

Front 144

Which of the following are some of the challenges when you are obtaining a thorough history on a patient? (Check all that apply)
A) It may be difficult to keep the owner focused on the questions and answers
B) Person presenting the patient to the practice may not be the owner and may not know the patient's history
C) Patient may be distracting you or the owner
D) It may be difficult to extract information from the owner

Back 144

a,b,c,d

Front 145

What instrument would be used to do a general exam of the eye?
A) Tonometer
B) CRT
C) Ophthalmoscope
D) Otoscope

Back 145

c

Front 146

Know the normal Temperature / Pulse / Respiratory rates of adult dogs and cats. (You will see some slight variations in the literature)

Back 146

Dogs – 99.5 – 102.5 F, pulse – 60 – 18, respiration – 10 -30. Cats: temperature – 100.5 – 102.5; pulse – 140-220; respiration – 24-42

Front 147

What is the normal body temp of neonates during the first week of life?

Back 147

96 – 97 F

Front 148

At what age to puppies and kittens begin to open their eyes?

Back 148

5-14 days after delivery.

Front 149

At what age can you start weaning a puppy?

Back 149

3 weeks of age

Front 150

At what age can you start weaning a kitten?

Back 150

4 weeks

Front 151

How can you treat or minimize pain? (Check all that apply)
A) Acupuncture / massage
B) Physical therapy
C) Provide a quiet environment and comfort animal
D) Medication

Back 151

a,b,c,d

Front 152

Tachycardia, tachypnea, and elevated temperature are all signs of:
A) Cataracts
B) Neoplasia
C) Pain
D) Hypertension

Back 152

c

Front 153

A recumbent patient should be turned at least every ________.
A) Turning a recumbent patient is not necessary
B) 4-6 hours
C) Every day
D) Every other day

Back 153

b

Front 154

When obtaining a patient history on a neonate, which of the following questions should be asked? (Check all that apply)
A) Medications or supplements given to patient or mother
B) History of littermates and other household pets
C) Duration and type of clinical signs
D) Environment where patient lives

Back 154

a,b,c,d

Front 155

When taking a history for a neonate, which of the following questions would be important to ask regarding the neonate's mother? (Check all that apply)
A) Medications or supplements given during pregancy and present
B) Any problems seen in previous litters or relatives?
C) Vaccination history of mother
D) Vaccination history of mother is not important as this only applies to the mother.

Back 155

a,b,c

Front 156

Which aspect of nursing care will best soothe and relieve most animals in pain?
A) Frequent monitoring
B) Frequent administration of medications
C) Frequent moving
D) Gently talking to and stroking the animal

Back 156

d

Front 157

The following is defined as an unpleasant sensation associated with actual or potential tissue damage, and mediated by specific nerve fibers to the brain where its conscious appreciation may be modified by various factors:
A) Analgesia
B) Stimulation
C) Sedation
D) Pain

Back 157

d

Front 158

What are some side effects that may be seen with long term use of corticosteroids? (Check all that apply)
A) Increased panting
B) Increased susceptibility to infection
C) Delayed or poor wound healing
D) Excessive thirst and urination

Back 158

a,b,c,d

Front 159

For a recumbent/paralyzed patient, keeping the patient clean and dry and applying Aquaphor or Vaseline to susceptible areas is good nursing care to treat/prevent __________.
A) Urine scalding
B) Urinary infection
C) Pneumonia
D) Urinary incontinence

Back 159

a

Front 160

What provides passive immunity to the newborn which helps to provide protection against certain infectious disease for the first several weeks of life?
A) Antibiotics
B) Ingestion of cow's milk or formula
C) Ingestion of colostrum
D) Vaccination of the newborn

Back 160

c

Front 161

If a puppy is crying, which of the following would you consider?
A) Pain / neglected/ill
B) Crying is very normal in a neonate
C) Hunger
D) Cold

Back 161

a,c,d

Front 162

How can you prevent or treat decubital ulcers? (Check all that apply)
A) Frequent turning of recumbent animal
B) Frequent bathing to clean skin
C) Proper bedding
D) Animal will move when it feels pressure on the points

Back 162

a,b,c

Front 163

Which statement concerning pain in animals is most accurate?
A) The transmission of a painful sensation involves the stimulation nerves in the traumatized tissue with subsequent conduction through the spinal cord to multiple areas in the brain.
B) Controlling pain in animals may lead to prolonged hospitalization, poor wound healing, and an increased rate of complications.
C) Pain in animals is beneficial because it provides a constant reminder to the patient to avoid movement that might cause further injury.
D) Pain control is not necessary in companion animals.

Back 163

a

Front 164

Assessment of pain in an animal depends on which of these factors? (Check all that apply)
A) Knowledge of the degree of pain associated with a particular surgical procedure or illness
B) Familiarity with species/breed
C) Individual behavior
D) Recognition of the signs of stress and pain

Back 164

a,b,c,d

Front 165

Which of the following should be provided for recumbent patients or animals that have difficulty moving around much? (Check all that apply)
A) Proper nutrition and appetite stimulation if needed
B) Expressing the urinary bladder as needed
C) Move animal every 3-6 hours or help them to walk if possible
D) Keep pet clean and dry of urine and other moistness

Back 165

a,b,c,d

Front 166

A deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness is known as:
A) Anesthesia
B) Antagonist
C) Analgesia
D) NSAIDS

Back 166

c

Front 167

Neonates are unable to regulate their body temperature during the first 2 weeks of life and can become hypothermic. Which of the following can occur with hypothermia? (Check all that apply)
A) Decreased heart rate
B) Motility of the gut slows
C) Lethargy, continuous crying, incoordination
D) Cellular immune functions are impaired which may lead to an increased susceptibility to infections

Back 167

a,b,c,d

Front 168

Deterioration in physical and mental condition, organ function, and immunity are found in:
A) Renal failure
B) Aging animals
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Diabetes mellitus

Back 168

b