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284 Cards in this Set
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What are the 2 major respiratory problems that prolonged recumbency & anesthesia cause? |
Atelectasis & Aspiration Pneumonia
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What drug can we give cats to induce emesis?
(it's different than dogs) |
Xylazine
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Which parasite can cause chorioretinitis in human fetuses?
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Toxoplasmosis
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A cat ingested D-Con 20 minutes ago. Whgat are your three steps?
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Gastric lavage |
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A dumb gave her cat a Fleet enema because she forgot it wasn't a human. Her cat vomited multiple times & is now weak & seizing.
Which 2 important electrolytes are increased? |
Na & K
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What 2 treatments would you give a cat who was "poisoned" with a Fleet enema?
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Calcium gluconate & Phosphorus binders
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What is the major pathological lesion FIP causes?
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pyogranulomatous vasculitis
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When placing an esophgeal tube in a cat, you should measure the tube how far caudally?
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to the last rib-ish
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Think of four things that could cause polyphagia in a cat?
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DM
EPI Hyperthyroidism Intestinal parasites |
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The curative treatment for megacolon is _________.
Medical treatment includes Psyllium & Cisapride. What is Psyllium? |
a non-fermentable fiber, which increases transit rate (of sh*t) & therefore results in increased no. of defecations
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What kind of rodenticide is converted to the active form of Vitamin D & therefore results in hypercalcemia?
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cholecalciferol
(choleCALCIferol....it's in the name) |
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Which common electrolyte imbalance do all the following result in?
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism Ethylene glycol Fleet enemas |
Hypocalcemia
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Which human medication can cause brown blood with Heinz Bodies in it?
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Acetaminophen. |
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Rubiosis iridis
Aqueous flare Hyphema Hypopyon Keratic ppts What would you expect the IOP to be in this cat? |
low. She has Anterior Uveitis.
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An owner brings in her cat a few hours after applying an over the counter flea product. The cat has tremors from the Pyrethrin toxicity. What are your three steps?
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Bathe the cat (wash out the mouth too)
IV fluids Methocarbamol (a muscle relaxant to stop the tremors) If she was actively seizing, you would give her Valium. |
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Pleural effusion that is milky. The TGs are going to be higher in the pleural fluid than in the serum.
What if we encountered pleural fluid that had a lower glucose than the serum? What would we suspect the cause to be? |
infectious
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T/F FORLs are painful.
(feline odontoplastic resorptive lesions) |
True.
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Which of the following can NOT be transmitted by passive contact, eg sharing a litter box?
Herpes FeLV Coronavirus Panleukopenia |
All of them can be =)
(FIV can't) |
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T/F Coronavirus is the same thing as FIP.
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False
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You diagnose hyperthyroidism in an older cat. What should the initial treatment be?
What disease might this unmask? |
Methimazole should be used to initially treat a hyperthyroid cat.
When hyperthyroidism is treated, occult renal insufficiency can be unmasked, so you have to monitor this cat. |
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What is the only infectious cause of corneal ulcers in a cat?
What do these ulcers usually look like? |
herpes.
they are usually linear (aka dendritic) in shape |
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Enalapril is what kind of drug?
Which of the following is it NOT used for? systemic hypertension PLN PLE CHF |
Enalapril is an ACE-inhibitor, so it decreases the amount of aldosterone in the body.
It is NOT used to treat PLE. It IS used to treat heart failure, hypertension, & protein-losing nephropathies (by causing vdilation of efferent arteriole). |
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Which condition could cause a hyperthyroid cat to have a normal T4?
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euthryoid sick syndrome
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A cat has a nodule at her vaccine site. How many months should you wait before you biopsy it?
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Wait 3 months. It should regress by then. If not, bx it.
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T/F KILLED Ag vaccines commonly have adjuvants added to stimulate the immune system.
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True. And adjuvants are associated w/ feline vaccine fibrosarcomas.
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"Rabies PureVax" is a LIVE canarypox vx.
How often does it need to be boostered? |
Yearly (none of that every 3 years BS)
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An 8-year old cat has only eaten canned dog food its whole life. What disease are you concerned she could have?
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DCM
Dog food contains lower levels of taurine than cats are supposed to have. Low taurine --> Dilative cardiomyopathy in cats. |
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Do cats usually present with acute or chronic glaucoma?
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chronic (vs dogs, = acute glaucoma)
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A suspected hyperthyroid meow has a normal total T4.
What test should you run to support your diagnosis? |
free T4 by equilibrium dialysis.
The method you run this assay is important. Equilibrium dialysis is best! |
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FIP is a MUTATED form of what?
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feline enteric coronavirus.
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After a week of trying to save Mrs Annoying's cat from dying of the effusive form of FIP, she decides to euthanize her.
Two days later she calls & wants to know if her other cat has it. What do you tell her? |
Her other cat is unlikely to get FIP just from exposure.
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Does PCR distinguish between feline enteric coronavirus & the mutated FIP form of the virus?
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no
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One of your clients breeds & raises "show rabbits." I'm sorry, what?? |
You treat the rabbit, with what I don't know. |
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A cat has a well circumscribed, raised, yellow-pink linear lesion on his caudal thigh. |
Eosinophilic granuloma >also seen on chin, head |
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Are Eosinophilic Granulomas usually itchy? |
Nope, unlike FELINE EOSINOPHILIC PLAQUE often nonpruritic and may be discovered incidently (fyi-however cats can sometimes have both) |
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Eosinophlic Granulomas are usually due to hypersensitivity to fleas or food or something else. |
ABx & CCS
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You perform thoracocentesis on a cat & aspirate a hazy gold-colored fluid w/ protein = 7, & cells = 7,000.
Most of the cells are non-degenerate neutrophils w/ some WBC & mesothelial cells. What is a gold-colored effusion w/ high protein & moderate cell nos pathognomonic for? |
FIP
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What is the pulmonary parasite that could case coughing in a cat?
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Capillaria. |
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You perform a liver bx on a cat that ADR. |
Lymphocytic Portal Hepatitis. |
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A cat got beat up by a bully cat. One of the bite wounds extended into a pyothorax.
What are your 3 steps? |
T-tube |
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3 year old male cat not eating & depressed for 3 days with a fever. |
Acute Cholangiohepatitis
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What is Ursodeoxycholic Acid for? |
It's called Actigall. It has anti-inflammatory & anti-fibrotic effects on the liver & increasese the fluidity of biliary secretions. |
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Why are Ampicillin & Metronidazole good antibiotics for Cholangiohepatitis?
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because they are excreted unchanged into the bbile!
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Feline HCM causes what shaped heart? |
valentine! |
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Why DONT you treat feline HCM with Digoxin or Pred?
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IDK but someday we'll find out. |
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You just diagnosed a cat w/ HCM based on her valentine-shaped heart. What are your two treatment goals?
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1. Improve diastolic function
2. Prevent thromboembolism (Give her Diltiazem & Aspirin) |
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What's an asthmatic cat going to breathe like?
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expiratory push. |
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4 yo Abyssinian is PUPD w/ dilute urine & increased systolic BP.
What do you suspect & how are you going to confirm? |
Familial Renal Amyloidosis (or some name like that).
Do a bx of the kidney & stain w/ Congo Red. Don't breed this cat. Actually, don't breed any cats, there's enough of them. |
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Why are we never ever going to treat a cat w/ Cisplatin?
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it causes immediate FATAL pulmonary edema in cats!!!!!!!!
DONT DO ITTTTTTT! |
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Which of the following does NOT cause gastric ulceration in dogs & cats?
NSAIDS (duh) CCS Opioids Renal failure Liver failure |
Opioids don't cause gastric ulcers
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When it comes to feline mammary masses, are we going to be conservative or aggressive in our surgical treatment?
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Aggressive! Do a bilateral (or unilateral depending on the source) mastectomy, don't just do a lumpectomy or regional mastectomy.
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Cat has ringworm.
Treatment? |
Some LymSulfur dip & oral Itra or Fluconazole.
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What are the 2 commonest feline oral tumors?
K9? |
Feline: SCC>FSA
K9: Melanoma>SCC>FSA>epulides |
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Persians get Polycystic kidneys.
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Persians get Polycystic kidneys.
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So apparently pathophys is big in clinics (eeeek).
Where does FIV replication occur? |
lymphoid & salivary tissues.
Eventually, the virus spreads to the mononuclear cells, while viremia is suppressed by the immune system. This is the asymptomatic carrier phase. Something about CD4+ cells decreasing in # leading to immunosuppression. |
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Thyroidectomy may have what side effects? (4) |
hypothyroidism |
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What is Amlodipine & why might it be used in a cat in renal failure?
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Amlodipine is a calcium-channel blocker used in cats w/ systemic hypertension (which is common in CRF cats)
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"The palpebral fissure of the left eye is larger than that of the right eye."
What is the term for this, & what disease might the cat have? |
buphthalmos
glaucoma remember, cats usually present w/ chronic glaucoma vs dogs which present w/ acute glaucoma. |
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Why don't pregnant women need to get rid of their cats?
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Because if they just clean the litterbox at least once a day, they won't get Toxo.
Cats sh*t out the oocysts but it takes 1-3 days for them to sporulate into the infective form. So the fetus will be safe if the box is cleaned regularly. PS apparently it can give them chorioretinitis. |
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T/F Cats have cornified epithlial cells during estrus, too.
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True. This is a good test to determine if a cat is in heat. |
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When performing enterotomy on a cat, where is the best place to make your intestinal incision? |
on the antimesenteric border |
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Plasma Cell Pododermatitis is a rare condition affecting cat's ______ |
footpads. Bx it for diagnosis. |
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What "medication" can be given for cats w/ hairballs?
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Laxatone, it's like petroleum jelly.
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Feline insulin is most similar to what other species'?
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bovine
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A palpable thyroid slip is highly suggestive of which disease?
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hyperthyroidism
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A cat has a proliferative ST mass on the bbridge of its nose & unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. He also has OD aqueous flare.
What is your top differential? |
Cryptococcus neoformans.
Remember, this likes to affect the nose (as we all remember), and the eyes. The proliferative lesion on the nose is referred to as Roman Nose. |
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You have been medically treating a cat w/ chylothorax for a few months.
What's his best chance for cure at this point? |
Surgery.
Thoracic duct ligation & Pericardectomy. |
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An ECG shows absence of P waves & wide QRS complexes.
What do you suspect? |
hyperkalemia: increased P-R interval, widened QRS complexes, absence of P waves, & Tall Tented T waves are all characteristic of hyperkalemia. |
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Which of the following characteristics is LEAST likely to describe a malignant mass?
ulcerated rapid growth well circumscribed fixed to underlying tissues |
well circumscribed masses are likely to be benign
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A cat has crusty & pruritic lesions around his face/head/ears.
Which of the following is LEAST likely? Notoedres acvariasis Sebaceous adenitis Dermatophytosis Eosinophilic granuloma |
Eosinophilic granulomas are usually well circumscribed pink-yellow linear lesions that do NOT crust or itch. |
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Your uncles widow is home alone when she hears her cat scream from the basement. She rushes down & finds her cat recumbent & spasming.
Which bug most likely bit her? |
Black Widow Spider. |
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When a cat's bloodwork reveals elevated ALP but lowish levels of GGT what do you suspect?
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hepatic lipidosis
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What kind of drug is Budesonide?
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CCS
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An intestinal bx is performed on a cat. It shows lympocytic-plasmacytic infiltrate & enteritis.
What is this condition called? |
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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How do we normally treat Inflammatory Bowel Dz?
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CCS (eg prednisolone or budesonide)
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A cat regurgitates during anesthetic recovery, after the ET cuff was deflated. You clean out her mouth & hope for the best.
Two days later she comes back w/ a fever & increased respiratory effort. What does Aspiration Pneumonia look like on rads? |
alveolar pattern in the right cranial & middle lung lobes |
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Fluoxetine is an SSRI for separation anxiety or something, which can be used in cats.
What is the trade name for Fluoxetine? |
Prozac
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Clomipramine & Amitriptyline are what kind of antidepressants?
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tricyclic antidepressants
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Clorazepate & Alprazolam (Xanax) are what kind of psych drug?
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Benzos
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Name 5 "anti-depressants-ish" drugs
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Fluoxetine (Prozac) |
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Briefly describe an animal that should get a blood transfusion.
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Acute blood loss w/ PCV <20
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What are the species-specific problems we worry about when administering Doxorubicin to a cat vs a dog?
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cats --> renal toxicity
dogs --> heart toxicity |
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Which chemo drug causes neurotoxicity in cats & therefore should NEVER be given to them?
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5-fluorouracil
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Which chemo drug causes fatal pulmonary edema in cats & therefore should NEVER be given to them?
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Cisplatin
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Cyclophosphamide causes sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in which species?
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dogs only
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When it comes to feline megacolon what are our 5 treatment goals?
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1. hydrate |
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What are 2 sources of fiber for the medical management of feline megacolon?
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Psyllium (drug) or canned pumpkin
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A 4 year-old cat has been treated for DM for almost a year but the referring vet is having a real difficult time regulating him via insulin therapy.
On exam, you note prognathism, III/VI left parasternal murmur, hepatomegaly, & weight gain. What disease do you suspect? |
Acromegaly.
Acromegaly is the result of a pituitary tumor that ends up shooting out too much growth hormone. To confirm your suspicion you would run a brain MRI. Acromegaly can cause prognathism, weight gain, organomegaly, & DM that is difficult to regulate. |
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Systemic hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, & HCM can all cause what kind of cardiac hypertrophy?
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LV concentric hypertrophy (the walls get thicker so the blood chamber becomes smaller)
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With HCM, the LV undergoes concentric hypertrophy, therefore decreasing the size of the chamber.
What is our treatment goal then? |
To improve diastolic filling by decreasing heart rate.
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Which 2 drugs could you give to decrease HR (when treating a HCM cat)?
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The "blockers" decrease HR.
Beta-blockers (eg atenolol) Ca-channel blockers (Diltiazem) |
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A 3-yo Maine Coon presents w/ acute HL pain & paresis. You auscult a III/VI left parasternal heart murmur.
What condition do you suspect caused the saddle thrombus? |
HCM
(PS Maine Coons are apparently prone to developing HCM at a young age) |
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A cat vomits up some nematodes w/ spiny heads (OMG). You recognize them to be Gnathostoma.
How do you prevent the cat from becoming re-infected? |
keep him indoors. Whatever he sh*ts out will be ingested by some worm in the environment, so the cycle will continue unless you clean up all his poop or keep him in the house.
Ew |
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A cat presents for chronic nasal & ocular disease.
Your notes from PE = Roman Nose, submandibular lymphadenopathy, & increased opacity & turbinate destruction noted on skull films. What's at the top of your DDx? |
Cryptococcus neoformans
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Broad based budding =
Narrow based budding = |
Broad = Blasto
Narrow = cryptococcus Neoformans |
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Which of the following does feline herpes NOT cause?
lingual ulceration dendritic ulcers facial dermatitis response to Lysine supplementation symblepharon |
herpes doesn't cause lingual ulceration, calicivirus does. |
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What is symblepharon?
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adhesion of the conjunctiva to the cornea or limbus |
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Cat is itchy & has generalized miliary dermatitis & dark brown flecks in his fur.
Which TWO of the following do NOT suspect to find? anemia peripheral eosinophilia mites on ear swab yeast organisms on impression smear tapeworm |
it's not mites or yeast. |
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OD: direct & indirect PLR intact
OS: pupil doesn't change on direct or indirect Where is the lesion? |
Since the OS is never constricting, the lesion is on the efferent pathway to the left eye.
Remember, efferent = motor. |
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Cat presents w/ dyspnea & cough.
Dirofilaria immitis found on routine blood smear. How do we treat this cat? |
CCS. |
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Cat has a mid-diaphyseal femoral fracture.
Which of the following is most likely to FAIL? Type I Ex Fix IM pin Limited contact compression plate w/ 6 cortices in each fragment Interlocking Nail |
The IM pin (pic) alone will result in failure.
whatever |
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Acetaminophen --> metHb in cats because of a lack in which 2 metabolic pathways or something?
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glutathione & glucoronyl transferase
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Cat has a right head tilt & is circling to the right. She also has a vertical nystagmus.
What's her disease? |
Right Central vestibular disease. |
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An unvaccinated cat bit a human.
What's the protocol. |
Euthanize & test OR quarantine x10 days in an authorized facility. |
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Cat has whitish yellowish pleural effusion that smells really gross. She's got a fever. What's she got?
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Pyothorax. |
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What's the treatment for pyothorax? |
T-tube |
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D-Con = what active ingredient?
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Brodifacoum >vitamin K antagonist
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Taurine deficiency --> what eye & heart conditions?
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retinal degeneration & DCM
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Decreased PaO2 under anesthesia can be a result from all the following EXCEPT:
decreased inspired O2 V/Q mismatch shunt hyperventilation diffusion impairment |
hyperventilation will not cause decreased PaO2, hypoventilation will |
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What IV fluids will you give a blocked cat after relieving the obstruction?
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0.9% NaCl
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Which lily causes acute renal failure in cats?
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stargazer lily.....this question had other lillies as options too, but stargazer is the answer
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Taurine deficiency can result in which of the following?
Progressive Retinal Atrophy Sudden Acute Retinal Degenerative Syndrome Central Retinal Degeneration |
Central Retinal Degeneration
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FeLV is most commonly associated w/ which form of lymphoma?
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mediastinal |
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A cat presented for severe respiratory tract disease a couple days ago. Now he's back, with ulcerative & edematous lesions on his head & legs.
What virus do you suspect? |
Calicivirus gone wrong.
VS-FCV = virulent systemic feline calicivirus & it can be fatal (Remember FIP is coronavirus gone wrong) |
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Cat had a proptosed left eye.
These were your surgical steps: 1) replace globe 2) repair laceration 3) ? |
3) temporary tarsorrhaphy, which is suturing the eyelids shut over the eye
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Methocarbamol is for....
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pyrethrin toxicity
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2-PAM is for...
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organophosphate toxicity
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A cat presents depressed & ataxic, with hypersalivation & muscle tremors.
What did the owners apply to him a couple hours earlier? |
a pyrethrin- containing topical (probably their dog's med)
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Cat had a routine dental. Your tech cleaned his ears while he was under. Now he's recovered but his right nictitans is protruding & his right pupil miotic.
What happened? |
Tech ruptured the ear drum. Sympathic innervation to the eye travels thru the middle ear, and was disrupted when the tympanic membrane was torn. |
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8 wk old kitten w/ fx Mc II & IV. How are you going to treat?
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spoon splint bandage x2 weeks w/ bandage change q5 days
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Hypochloremia in a young vomiting, anorexic patient.
What do you suspect? |
upper GI obstruction
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Rapid shallow breathing. what do you suspect?
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pleural space disease
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What is the holding layer when closing a midline abdominal incision?
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external rectus sheath
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Cat has a 1cm swelling on his ventrum, with purulent exudate & matted hair covering it.
What parasite can cause this? |
Cuterebra (a botfly)
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You gave Oxymorphone to a cat IM but she's way too out of it.
What drug can you give to reverse Oxymorphone? |
Naloxone of course
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White cat, blue eyes, &
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deaf
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Which drug reverses the effects of benzodiazepines, such as Midazolam?
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Flumazenil
(this was on the first anesthesia test & we were supposed to have spelled it right =)) |
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4 mo cat w/ lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, & fever.
Which virus do you suspect out of the following? FeLV FIV FIP parvovirus |
parvo! (Fel Panleukopenia)
The answer said something about maternal antibodies protecting the kitten for the first 6 months. |
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If a cat presents in status epilepticus, what do you give him?
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diazepam rectally
They said this was a controversial question, with the other popular answer being Diazepam IV...but this is a cat actively seizing, so hitting a vein is going to be hard, that's why the answer is per rectum. |
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Which inhalant anesthetic can result in formation of a nephrotoxin?
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Sevoflurane --> Compound A, which can be toxic to the kidney |
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Which insulin are we going to give a dog on initial presentation with Diabetes Ketoacidosis?
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regular insulin (Humilin-R) because it's short-acting.
I guess you hold off on the longer acting insulins til the dog is better stabilized. |
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Which coccidian is parasitic in cats, ie leading to diarrhea vs being an innocent bystander--Isospora or Eimeria?
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Isospora is parasitic in cats & causes diarrhea. |
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With which dewormer would you treat Isospora?
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Albon (Sulfadimethoxine) or TMS
Use Sulfas to treat coccidia. |
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Praziquantel is for
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cestodes (tapeworms)
(Albon) |
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With which 2 drugs could you treat Giardia?
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Fs
Fenbendazole or Flagyl (metronidazole) |
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Which of the following is more likely to be seen in acute renal failure, vs chronic?
hyperphosphatemia metabolic acidosis anuria anemia |
anuria is more commonly seen w/ ARF, not chronic
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American cats usually have type A blood. Name 2 breeds that are more likely to have type B blood.
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Persians, Himalayans, Ragdolls
British Shorthairs Scottish Fold Devon & Cornish Rexes (the answer was NOT oriental short hair.... i guess he's more likely to have Type A too?) |
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What is your treatment goal of HCM?
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to improve diastolic filling
you can achieve thiis via the blockers (beta or calcium channel blockers) |
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What is THE most common endocrine disorder of cats over 8 years old?
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hyperthyroidism of course, hence the 97338979123 questions on it
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A healthy 1-year old cat named Hannah was recently brought in from a barn to be a house cat. She is very sweet but a couple weeks ago scratched her owner & he ended up getting pretty sick from it. She has flea dirt.
What do you tell the owner? |
she probably? might? have Bartonella henselae, a gram negative RBC parasite of cats that is transmitted by fleas. |
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As far as feline heartworm testing goes, which gives a definitive heartworm +ve result?
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+ve antigen test = diagnostic for HW dz.
(negative antigen test is inconclusive though) |
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T/F "A large percentage of cats are positive for T. gondii, but are not necessarily shedding oocysts."
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true |
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Which nerve do we have to make sure to preserve when performing a Perineal Urethrostomy?
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pudendal nerve, or the cat will be incontinent
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A cat is brought in because she's been bumping into sh*t at home. Her retinas are both all fu*ked up. Her systolic BP is 240.
What do you suspect? Which drug is your first choice for treatment? |
Systolic BP is supposed to be less than 160. She's got hypertension, which probably led to the retinal detachment you're observing, leading to vision problems.
1st choice drug = Amlodipine (a calcium-channel blocker) to cause vasodilation & decrease BP. |
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Pimobendan is a "calcium sensitizer." Do you give it to increases or decrease cardiac contractility?
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increase!
you can use it to treat DCM in cats. (Pimobendan is more commonly used to treat pulmonary hypertension or CHF in dogs) |
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A cat is brought in after 2 days of lethargy, vomiting, anorexia, & vocalizing. Now he is recumbent, with a HR =100, and a rock hard bladder. You place an IV cathether.
What is the FIRST thing you are going to do? |
IV calcium gluconate to immediately counteract the hyperkalemic bradycardia he has!
His HR is low & he is blocked = hyperkalemic bradycardia. After you give the calcium gluconate (which lowers blood potassium levels) you can go about emptying his bladder. |
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As far as vaccines & that feline vaccine-associated sarcoma thing go, what are the guidelines as to injection sites for Rabies, FeLV, & all other vaccine?
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Rabies = distal Right HL (R, R)
FeLV = distal Left HL (L, L) No vx are to be given in the intrascapular space. |
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A woman presents a middle-aged male intact domestic short hair to your clinic. She found him as a stray where she lives out in the country. She noticed he was lethargic and hanging around her yard, so she was feeding him in order to capture him and bring him to the vet. She states there are many stray cats and prairie dogs around her property. On physical exam, the cat is lethargic, has a temperature of 104.9F, severe mandibular lymphadenopathy with a draining tract under the chin, and is covered in fleas. His breathing is tachypneic. What do you do first?
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Wear protection, quarantine the cat, & call the state vet. |
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A positive Marcus Gunn sign is diagnostic of a lesion where?
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prechiasmal lesion |
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Describe what a positive Marcus Gunn sign looks like?
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when you shine the light into the abnormal eye, the normal eye will dilate.
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A cat presents with seizures & bilateral uveitis (aqueous flare). He is on a raw meat diet at home. He has a high IgM for Toxoplasmosis. Is this significant?
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Yes, a high IgM = active infection.
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How do you treat Toxoplasmosis gondii in cats?
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Clindamycin.
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Why is your boss adding epinephrine to his syringe of lidocaine to provide local anesthesia for a small dermal growth removal?
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epinephrine causes local vasoconstriction, increasing lidocaine's duration of action (by preventing rapid systemic absorption)
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A vaccinated cat bites a human. What is your protocol?
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Confine & observe x10 days in an approved facility.
(haha who follows these rules) |
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An outdoor cat is presented with tachypnea, fever, mandibular lymphadenopathy, a draining tract under his chin, & is covered in fleas. You suspect he has Yersinia pestis. What is your protocol?
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Wear protection & quarantine, then call the State Vet.
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What is a premedication you can give a cat to decrease salivary secretions, thus aiding in intubation?
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Atropine, an anticholinergic.
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A 3 mo kitten has mucoid diarrhea & is anemic. You have been seeing a lot of Strongyloides stercoralis in pups & kittens lately. This parasite causes mucoid diarrhea.
What is the best method to confirm your suspicion that this kitten has S. stercoralis? |
Baermann fecal technique. |
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A cat is dyspneic & is displaying signs of Horners syndrome. He has a history of regurgitation, and his FeLV status is positive.
FeLV cats are prone to lymphoma. Which form of lymphoma do you think this cat has?? |
Mediastinal lymphoma is not only the most common form of lymphoma in FeLV +ve cats, but it fits w/ the clinical signs this cat presents with. |
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A cat ingested snail bait (containing Strychnine) & is now tremoring on your table...and maybe doing some other "I've been poisoned sh*t" idk.
What drug are you going to give him? |
Methocarbamol. This is a muscle relaxant, not an antidote.
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A 7 yo cat has a large lytic & proliferative lesion on its proximal tibia.
You suspect osteosarcoma. What is the cat's prognosis? |
In cats, osteosarcoma is slow to metastasize & amputation is often curative!
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An asthmatic cat presents in crisis. She is open-mouth breathing & is turning blue. What is the drug you are going to give her?
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a beta-2 agonist to relax the bronchial smooth muscle.
(remember asthma = bronchoconstriction) |
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A 7 yo cat presents with open-mouth breathing. After doing a chest tap (just in case) & stabilizing her in an oxygen tank, you snap a rad & see a tall cardiac silhouette & diffuse interstitial pattern.
What do you suspect? |
Left heart failure.
(an enlarged left heart causes a tall cardiac silhouette) |
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Of the following plants, which is potently nephrotoxic to cats?
Nasturtium Poinsettia Peace lilly Stargazer lilly Calla lilly |
Stargazer lillies are potently nephrotoxic to cats
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You shine light in an eye with a prechiasmal lesion. What do you suspect?
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You suspect the other eye to dilate = positive Marcus Gunn sign.
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What is the surgical treatment of choice for a cat w/ chronic recurrent obstipation due to megacolon?
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subtotal colectomy
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A 2 yo MN DSH is brought in for a history of coughing/wheezing. He is not displaying any CS today, but you take a radiograph.
You see diffuse interstitial lung patterns, and diffuse bronchial wall thickening. What disease do you suspect & what drug will you put the cat on? |
Asthma, prednisolone
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Match the following ECGs with 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree heart block.
1. Increased distance between P waves & QRS complexes. 2. P waves in varying locations next to QRS complexes. 3. Intermittend/occasional P waves without corresponding QRS complexes. |
1st = Increased distance between P & QRS
2nd = Intermittend/occasional P waves without corresponding QRS complexes 3rd = P waves in varying locations next to QRS complexes. |
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Acute, painful exophthalmos.
What do you suspect? |
retrobulbar abscess
(these cats usually have a fever & painful retropropulsion) |
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Owner complains her cat has had a cough for the last month. You doa routine fecal float & see double operculated eggs with asymmetric terminal plugs.
What's the parasite? |
Capillaria aerophila |
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A cat is icteric, with increased ALP & GGT.
Does he have cholangiohepatitis or hepatic lipidosis? |
cholangiohepatitis. |
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A 6 yo queen has given birth to 3 kittens but there are still a couple left in her, and the last one came out 4 hours ago.
What is the BEST thing to do right now? |
Give oxytocin is the answer.
Other things that are smart to do, but not the single BEST = give calcium, do an ultrasound to determine fetus viability, or a radiograph to determine fetal malposition. |
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8 mo cat w/ ptyalism, decreased appetite, oral ulcers, stomatitis, gingivitis.
Why are you told to treat with Clindamycin? |
tho the primary cause is likely Calicivirus, Clindamycin is the antibiotic to think of when you have mouth bacteria (and there is for sure secondary bacterial infection in this cat's mouth). |
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On radiograph of a cat who has progressive lameness over the past month, you see a lytic lesion of the proximal humerus & suspect osteosarcoma.
What's the prognosis for this cat following forelimb amputation? 12 mos 6 mos 3 mos <1 month |
12 months with amputation
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Which of the following cells does FIV NOT affect?
CD8+ (cytotoxic cells) CD4+ (helper cells) Macrophages B cells Platelets |
FIV doesn't affect platelets, it afffects the immune cells, hence the name FIV
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What are somee sequelae of HCM?
|
Left heart failure
Systolic anterior movement of mitral valve (random, but it keeps popping up) Thromboembolism |
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Discuss the pathophysiology of HCM causing thromboembolism.
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"HCM in cats usually only affects the3 left heart. TE occur due to stasis of blood in the LA. Left heart failure occurs as the LV becomes stiffer, and blood backs up into the LA, allowing little clots to form."
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A cat has a history of intermittent coughing/wheezing. On auscultation you hear nothing abnormal. Radiograph shows a diffuse interstitial pulmonary pattern & diffuse thickening of bronchial walls.
Disease/treatment? |
Asthma, prednisolone |
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A 12 yo diabetic cat is being treated with 2 units PZI BID for the past couple of months.
Today on his recheck, he is diabetic ketoacidotic. What's the best treatment plan for him? What should you check for? |
Frequent doses OR CRI of regular insulin.
Check for underlying disease processes that may be making him an unmanageable diabetic. |
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Cat is dyspneic with a history of coughing. Routine blood smear shows Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria.
What is the best treatment for this cat? |
CCS to control inflammation & clinical signs.
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Why don't you give a heartworm positive cat an adulticide?
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--> embolization, antigen release, acute death
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What's the screening test of choice for feline hyperthyroidism?
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total T4
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Why should free T4 by equilbrium dialysis always be accompanied by a total T4?
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because free T4 cvan be increased with other diseases
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What is a cat's prognosis for long term survival, vs dying within 3 months when he has Acute Cholangiohepatitis?
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50/50 |
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A 12-yo Siamese has a 2cm mass over his scapular region. An aspirate confirms your suspicion.
What is your surgical goal? |
Radical excision, since it is a vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma.
VA-FSAs are very locally aggressive, tho slow to metastasize. |
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A 3 yo indoor only spayed female DSH presents with hair loss on her ventral abdomen. Analysis of the hairs reveals blunt, "barbered" tips, with no crusts or excoriations present.
Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause? Psychogenic alopecia Atopic dermatitis Food allergy Flea allergy dermatitis |
The LEAST likely cause is psychogenic alopecia. BOOOOOOO they said it's a diagnosis of exclusion, and is REALLY rare. So all the other conditions are a more likely cause.
Boo. But at least now we know. |
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All the following are potential causes of cough, but only one is a potential cause of acute death in a cat. Which is it?
Paragonimus kellicotti Dirofilaria immitis Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Capillaria aerophila |
Dirofilaria immitis can cause acute death
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What is THE most important treatment of hepatic lipidosis?
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Tube feeding. They need food!! |
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Name 3 feline lung parasites.
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Paragonimus kellicotti
Aelurostongylus abstrusus Capillaria aerophila There are definitely more, those are just ones I saw in a question from earlier. |
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A 5 week old kitten is brought in. You observe ataxia, hypermetria, a wide-based stance, and head tremors.
Where is the anatomic lesion? |
Cerebellum.
This little guy has cerebellar hypoplasia as the result of fetal or perinatal infection with panleukopenia. |
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What causes a Physiologic Leukogram?
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epinephrine-mediated excitation
(it's not a stress leukogram) |
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Do you see band neutrophils with a Physiologic Leukogram?
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No, you see an increase in band neutrophils with a left-shift.
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What makes you think "Physiologic Leukogram?"
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Mild neutrophilia with normal-to-increased lymphocytes (no monocytosis)
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9 yo FS DSH been getting 2 units Lente insulin BID. She comes in for a glucose curve this morning after receving her a.m. dose of insulin, but she is insane in the exam room, screaming, spitting, way too fractious to get a proper representation of glucose level, much less draw blood from.
What do you do? |
A fructosamine level is an accurate indicator of the glycemic index over the past 2-3 weeks.
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What two molecules form fructosamine?
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glucose & protein....idk which protein
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What is THE most common cause of aortic thromboembolism aka saddle thrombus in a cat?
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HCM
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Are cats with DM hyper or hypoosmolar?
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hyperosmolar
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A white cat has an ulcerative lesion on her lower eyelid. The owner says it's been there for 6 months but "isn't bothering her." What do you suspect?
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SCC of course
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Which of the following behaviors is MOST likely to be reduced by castration?
roaming behavior male-female aggression cat-human aggression male-male aggression urine marking |
apparently castration decreases roaming behaviors by 90% in cats
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What is THE most important treatment of hepatic lipidosis?
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FOOD! get a feeding tube in them!!
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Ultrasound-guided aspirate of the liver reveals hepatocytes containing cytoplasmic lipid droplets.
What's the disease? |
hepatic lipidosis
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A cat is walking with dropped hocks (platigrade stance) & is PUPD.
What's the disease? |
DM
Diabetic neuropathy = platigrade stance |
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding feline heartworm disease?
1. Lower adult worm burden compared to dogs 2. A negative microfilaria test doesn't R/O HW disease 3. Ab tests can detect exposure to both male & female heartworms 4. Larvae are less likely to migrate to ectopic locations (vs dog) |
4 was false. Larval migration to ectopic locations (brain, skin, eyes) is common
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You've got a 6kg cat with a PCV of 15. You want to raise her PCV to 25% (you want to raise it by 10%).
How many ml of packed RBCs do you have to administer? |
60 ml
To raise PCV, by 1% you need 1ml/kg of packed RBCs. Since the cat is 6kg, that would be 1ml/kg x 6kg = 6 ml x 10% = 60ml. |
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6 yo DSH with weight loss, steatorrhea, and thickened SI loops on palpation. You suspect EPI.
What's the diagnostic test of choice for this disease? |
fTLI |
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Why isn't a 7B protein ELISA the diagnostic test of choice for FIP?
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Because not all FIP viruses have the 7B protein...it's a non-specific test.
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3 mo kitten FeLV ELISA +ve.
How do you confirm this diagnosis? |
IFA.
ELISA looks for p27 Ag in serum IFA looks for it in WBCs & platelets |
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Aluminum hydroxide is a phosphorus binder/antacid. |
The kidneys job is to excrete excess phosphorus and acids from the body. When the kidneys stop working, phosphorus levels increase, and the animal goes into an acidotic state. |
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Which of the following would NOT be a round cell tumor you would find on a cat?
Mast cell tumor Lymphoma Basal cell tumor Plasma cell tumor |
Basal cell tumors (pic) aren't round cell tumors!! (they're epithelial in origin =)) |
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A cat in renal failure is being treated with subq fluids at home. He is on a low protein, renal-approved diet. Overthe past month he has been losing weight.
Why might you give him Calcitriol? |
The kidney's job is to synthesize active Vitamin D, to aid in Calcium absorption. When the kidney stops working, there is less Vit D, therefore less Ca in the blood. The body responds by secreting PTH, which is supposed to raise Ca levels in the blood. |
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How might we treat Cholangiohepatitis?
|
prednisolone & Ursodiol
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Terbutaline & oxygen are good treatments for feline asthma.
What lung pattern do we see in an asthmatic cat? |
diffuse bronchial pattern
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Cat is sick. You feel mass effect in mid-caudal abdomen. Your xray machine is broken & you decide to do an exploratory laparotomy.
SI is severely hyperemic & the mesenteric LN are severely enlarged. You note some sticky yellow ascites. What's the disease? |
FIP
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Older Cat has been PD x 6 mos, there's been weight loss, and just recently a decreased appetite.
What disease might be causing this? |
renal failure
(hyperthyroid causes increased appetite & weight loss) |
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What is THE most common cause of post-anesthetic coritcal blindness in cats?
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hypoxia!!
The visual cortex is very sensitive to hypoxia. |
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T/F Tonkinese, Siamese, Oriental Shorthhairs are more likely to have type B blood.
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False
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10 yo MN DSH recently diagnosed with hyperthyroidism presents with acute blindness. On ophthalmic & fundic exam you note retinal hemorrhage.
Which test do you perform first? |
BP.
Hyperthyroidism likes to cause hypertension, which can lead to retinal detachment & blindness. If he is hypertensive, you're gonna want to treat that before it goes screwing up other organ systems. (Amlodipine) |
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T/F Purebreds are more likely to get FIP.
What is the mortality of FIP? |
true
100% |
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Why do you have to run a chem panel before treating a hyperthyroid cat with methimazole (tapazole)?
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Hyperthyroidism increases renal perfusion & GFR, thus it can hide clinical signs of kidney disease. So you want to check kidney values.
Methimazole is potentially hepatotoxic, so you also want to have baseline liver values before you start treatment. |
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A cat has struvite crystals 4+ in his urine and you palpate a stone in his bladder.
Owner says sx is out of the question cause she was no money. What's the most important treatment goal in this situation? |
acidifying diet
struvites grow in alkaline urine |
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A cat has ptyalism & copper-colored irises.
What did Dr Bruhl-Day teach us about copper colored irises? |
PSS
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A cat is under anesthesia for OVH. Her BP is low. First you give a bolus of fluids (in addition to the 10ml/kg LRS she's been on throughout the procedure).
What else is really important to do when they become hypotensive under anesthesia? |
turn down the gas!
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Kitten has had watery diarrhea unresponsive to metronidazole for a couple weeks.
You do a smear or something & see some flagellated parasite that is not Giardia. What can it be? How do you treat? |
Tritrichomonas foetus
Treat with Ronidazole This is a cause of unresponsive diarrhea in kittens. |
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You remove a 1 cm basal cell tumor from a cat's intrascapular region. |
Just keep an eye on it. |
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A cat has a large raw lesion on its UPPER LIP. The owner says it comes & gos over the years.
What are you thinking? How would you treat? |
Indolent ulcers (part of the eosinophilic granuloma complex) are usually due to immune or allergic cause. |
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A stray tomcat bit a human. It was trapped & brought in to your practice. The cat is pretty friendly & on PE you don't detect any abnormalities.
What's your plan? |
Euthanize & send head out for testing
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Owner calls freaking out because she sees white rice looking things on her cats butthole. She doesn't want to get worms, and thinks its gross.
What medication to you prescribe? |
Praziquantel (Droncit) & flea preventative
cat has tapes |
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What's the most common organism causing Cat Scratch Disease in humans?
|
Bartonella henselae
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5 yo FS DSH with alopecia along ventral abdomen. Skin appears normal. Microscopic examination reveals shortened, blunted hair on the abdomen. What's the MOST likely diagnosis?
Psychogenic alopecia Dermatophytosis Sarcoptes scabei Atopic dermatitis |
I swear I don't make this stuff up. The answer to this one is psychogenic alopecia.
FML |
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A stray cat has been dropped off by a good samaritan after having witnessed the cat jump from a 3-story abandoned warehouse. On physical examination the cat has an avulsed lower lip and is very lame on the front left forelimb. Thankfully the cat had a microchip and the owners are eventually located. However, they refuse to spend any money on additional diagnostics. What is the best treatment option for the injuries likely sustained to the left forelimb?
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carpal arthrodesis
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A cat presents after having fallen from a high rise. On physical examination, the cat is dyspneic, there is blood and abrasions around the mouth, and there are decreased lung sounds dorsally. What should you do next?
|
thoracocentesis |
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What's the most common skin tumor of cats?
|
basal cell tumors (benign) |
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An 8 wk old kitten has severe chemosis but no other lesions. |
Chlamydophila felis |
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What are you looking to grab when you use a spay hook?
suspensory ligament broad ligament of the uterus caudal mesenteric artery utero-ovarian ligament |
the broad ligament.... |
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4 mo kitten w/ multifocal areas of raised alopecia on his face. No fluorescence with Woods lamp but you think it's dermatophytosis.
What do you do? |
send out a fungal culture. |
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An 8-month old kitten with chronic diarrhea presents for acute onset of vomiting and inappetance. You are currently treating the cat for coccidia since Isospora was identified on the fecal test yesterday. Yesterday the cat was clinically alert and otherwise healthy on examination. You palpate a mid-abdominal mass effect today which was not palpated yesterday and the cat seems painful upon palpation. Temperature is normal and labwork is unremarkable. Ultrasound is not immediately available. Radiographs show an obstructive pattern with dilated loops of small intestine but no overt mass effect is visible. You are suspicious of which diagnosis and what is proper therapy?
|
intussusception = young cat, more common with a recent episode of enteritis which she had.
surgerize that beast |
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Which organism causes Feline Infectious Anemia?
|
Mycoplasma felis
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One year ago, your feline patient was in a cat fight & obtained a corneal scratch.
Today, he presents with phthisis bulbi, corneal edema, & scarring. He has no PLR or menace response (ie he's blind in that eye). What are you afraid of? |
Apparently this is very suggestive of "Feline traumatic sarcoma." |
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What is the main vector for Tularemia?
|
ticks
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8 yo MN DSH acutely mydriatic & blind. He's been PD for a monhth & has lost 2# since his PE 6mos ago.
You detect bilateral retinal hemorrhage & retinal detachment OS. What is the most important test to run right now? T4 BUN/CT BP Cortisol |
BP! If it's high, you can work on lowering it to give the eyes a chance to go back to normal.
Then run your thyroid & chem panels. |
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Rubiosis iridis = what opthalmological syndrome?
|
anterior uveitis
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Which liver enzyme is apparently often elevated with hyperthyroidism?
|
ALT
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You are performing a subtotal colectomy. Which artery is going to limit the amount of colon you are able to remove?
|
ileocolic artery
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When performing a subtotal colectomy, which two parts of the intestine are you hoping to anastamose?
|
you want to do a colocolonic anastamosis (you want to avoid having to do an ileocolic anastamosis cause it's a far stretch)
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Why DON'T you want to be giving asthmatic cats Atropine?
|
Atropine thickens bronchial secretions. This is something an asthmatic cat definitely does NOT need.
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When skunks attack:
A housecat got out & came home 3 days later reeking of skunk w/ fight marks on her, indicative of a skunk attack? She is up to date on vx. What's the protocol? |
Re-vx immediately & quarantine for 45 days!
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When skunks attack: part II.
What if the cat attacked was NOT vaccinated? |
Euthanize.
OR you can quarantine her for 6 mos & vx her 1 mo prior to release (daaaaamn) |
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What does Aniscoria mean?
|
different sized pupils
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Nitroglycerin, oxygen, Spironolavtone, Lasix.....are these for a cat diagnosed w/ HCM but not showing clinical signs or for a cat in heart failure from HCM?
|
heart failure from HCM.
You put a HCM on the blockers for maintenance |
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Which of the following is not a common reason for a hyperthyroid cat to have a T4 value in the normal range?
Concurrent disease causing euthyroid sick syndrome Immune destruction of the thyroid gland causing a decrease of T4 into the normal range [ Correct answer ] Mild disease in which there are subtle clinical signs and a T4 in the high normal range Fluctuation of T4 early on in the disease |
The answer was the immune destruction of the thyroid gland. This is a process that occurs in DOGS & it causes hypothyroidism in them.
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You just began working in the intensive care unit and you notice a Cornish Rex exhibiting fever, restlessness, vomiting, urticaria, and hemoglobinuria. What do you think is happening?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation Diabetic ketoacidosis Blood transfusion reaction Cyclosporine reaction |
ok so the answer is he's having a transfusion reaction.
haha they called it "a perfect fun random question" Remember most American cats have Type A blood, but Rexes have Type B usually! |
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A male cat presents with pollakiuria, dysuria, & hematuria.
Why is pyelonephritis the least likely diagnosis? |
because thats an upper urinary disease, and he's showing signs of lower urinary disease.
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Which drug are you going to give a cat to counteract hyperkalemic-induced bradycardia?
|
calcium gluconate
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OS: blind. No menace response, but PLR intact.
Where is the lesion? |
CN 2
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A cat was sent home a few days ago after several days hospitalization from being blocked.
The owner brings him in, saying that he is still straining to urinate. Upon palpation, you feel thickened bladder walls, but the bladder is completely empty. What drug can you give to reduce internal urethral sphincter tone? |
phenoxybenzamine
something about the urinary catheter causing irritation to the urethra blah |
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A cholelith --> complete biliary obstruction --> acute cholangiohepatitis.
Whats your surgical treatment? |
decompression & biliary-to-intestinal diversion (cholecystoduodenostomy or cholecystojejunostomy)
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Which of the following is NOT consistent w/ Horners?
prolapsed third eyelid enophthalmos conjunctivitis ptosis miosis |
conjunctivitis. |
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A cat w/ Diabetes Ketoacidosis is LEAST likely to have what concurrent issue?
pancreatitis heart disease bacterial infection hyperthyroidism hyperadrenocorticism |
hyperadrenocorticism
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A male neutered domestic short hair cat presents to you with urinary obstruction. Your treatment room diagnostics show a BUN > 140 mg/dL and a K+ of 9.0 meq/L. You immediately give the cat dextrose and fluids and successfully unblock your patient. An hour later, you monitor your patient and find him trembling uncontrollably. What should you check first?
A K+ level A spot ECG An ionized calcium level A blood pressure |
ionized Ca2+ levels |
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Methimazole is known for causing what side effect?
|
facial pruritis (uncommon)
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DDAVP =
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artificial ADH
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Ketoconazole is toxic to which organ?
|
liver
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Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched w/ its side effect in cats?
Diazepam --> fulminant hepatic necrosis Vincristine --> paralytic ileus & some other sh*t about nerves Acetaminophen --> paraphimosis Meloxicam --> acute renal failure |
acetaminophen does not cause paraphimosis |
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A kitten is adopted from the shelter & brought in for a health check. She is healthy but has a loud machinery murmur. She is sent to the cardiologist to confirm PDA.
If the owners go ahead w/ surgery, what muscle is your surgical landmark for the 5th ICS? |
the caudal aspect of the scalenus muscle
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Acetylcysteine & S-adenosylmethionine are given for which toxicity?
|
acetaminophen tox
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Which of these treatments for pancreatitis is indicated in the cat but not the dog?
Ranitidine (H2 blocker) Force feed a low fat diet if not eating [ Your answer ] IV fluids Analgesics Feed a regular commercial diet if eating |
Feed him a regular commercial diet, it doesn't have to be low fat
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5 yo FS brought in for lethargy. PCV = 16%, but it is regenerative. Positive for Mycoplasma haemominutum.
What drugs are effective against this parasite? |
Doxy or Enro
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Clomipramine ("ClomiCalm") has side effects on what organ system?
|
GI. It can cause vomiting, constipation, anorexia. |
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Feline herpesvirus can cause all the following EXCEPT:
corneal ulcer conjunctivitis corneal sequestrum corneal dermoid eosinophilic keratitis |
corneal dermoids are congenital. they are not caused by feline herpesvirus |
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You perform BAL on a suspected asthmatic cat. Which cell is most suggestive of asthma?
|
eosinophils
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|
Countdown! What's a cat's dental formula?
|
3, 2, 1 |
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T/F Felines are naturally resistant to heartworm infection, so they have a lower adult worm burden than dogs.
|
true |
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Atipamezole is for...
|
reversing the effects of alpha-2s, eg medetomidine |
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Ranitidine is what kind of "blocker?"
|
H2 blocker
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T/F Don't give a blocked cat 0.9% NaCl.
|
False, that's the fluid of choice
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What do the letters SSRI mean?
|
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
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Tritrichomonas foetus causes what in infected cats?
|
large bowel diarrhea
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A 3-year old male neutered Siamese cat has 6 cm of tissue protruding from his anus. The owner states when they woke up he was like that. She states he has had no diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, or straining that they are aware of but they have been out of town for the last 2 days. You are unable to reduce the lesion initially with gentle manipulation. The tissue appears grossly healthy and no necrosis is noted. You are not sure if this is a prolapsed rectum or a colorectal intussusception. How can you tell?
The only way to definitively tell is by exploratory surgery. Gently slide a thermometer alongside the prolapsed tissue. If it only goes in a short distance, this is a prolapse. If it goes in a significant distance, this would be an intussusception. Pour dextrose over the tissue and see if it reduces. If it reduces, it is a prolapse. Take a left lateral radiograph of the abdomen and rectal region. Do a barium enema and see if the barium goes into the colon. If it does, it is a prolapse. |
Thermometer trick
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2 yo cat: hyperproteinemia, high liver enzymes, distended abdomen, non-regenerative anemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia.
He has FIP. How is this dz transmitted? |
fecal-oral
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Gas down w/ which inhalant anesthetic for a quick recovery?
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sevoflurane (because it has a low blood-gas coefficient)
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Short = rectal prolapse
Long = colorectal intussusception |
this is the thermometer trick
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cholangiohepatitis must be treated for a long time....
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2+ mos
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What is the treatment of choice for a primary lung tumor?
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lung lobectomy |
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Do we normally do radiation on lungs?
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no, the tissues too delicate to withstand the effects of the radiation or something
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LV hypertrophy --> poor diastolic filling & LA dilation |
HCM |
