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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the four types of tissues?
Epithelial - Covers and Lines
Connective - Provides Support
Muscle - Enables Movement
Nervous - Controls Work
What are sheets of cells that cover and line other tissues called?
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissues are Polar and have a sense of direction. What are the two surfaces called?
Apical Surface - Faces the Lumen.
Basal Surface - Faces the underlying connective tissue.
What are the three main types of Epithelium?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
What part of the tissue system secrets into the bloodstrem or lymphatic system. Does not have ducts or tubules and produces hormones.
Endocrine System
What part of the tissue system discharges secretions via ducts and typically act locally?
Exocrine System
Connective tissue is where in the body?
Everywhere!
Connective tissue has three distinct components:
Extracellular Fibers
Ground Substance
Extracellular Matrix
Five Fariations of Connective Tissue:
Blood
Tendon
Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
What are three Connective Tissue - Extracellular Fiber Types?
Collagenous
Reticular
Elastic
What are collagenous fibers?
Strong and thick strands of collagen proteins. Density and arrangement depend on function.
What are reticular fibers?
Thin, delicate collagen which is branched into networks. Support for highly cellular organs.
What are elastic fibers?
Primarily protein elastin and branch forming complex networks. Bundled coils of microfibrils which are rubber gand like.
What are fixed cells?
Fixed cells are Fibroblasts, Chondroblasts, and Osteoblasts.
What are the wandering cells of the immune system?
Mast Cells - Contain histamine and heparin.
Leukocytes - White Blood Cells.
Macrophages - Scavengers
What is the most common loose tissue. It is located throughout the body and provides nutrients to tissue it supports.
Areolar Tissue
What are the two main types of Adipose tissue?
White - Normal
Brown - Newborns and Hibernating
This tissue resembles Areolar but contains only reticular fibers...
Reticular Connective Tissue
What are the three main types of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue?
Dense Regular Connective
Dense Irregular Connective
Elastic Connective
Dense Regular Connective Tissue is composed of?
Tendons and Ligaments
Primarily parallel collagen fibers
Designed to withstand great forces mainly in one direction.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue is composed of?
Sheets of collagen running in different directions or alternating directions.
Designed to withstand forces in multiple directions.
Dermis of skin, organ capsules, submucosa of GI.
Elastic Connective Tissue is?
Parallel or interwoven elastic fibers with fibroblasts and collagenous fibers interspersed; stretch more than tendons.
Ligaments, arterial walls, stomach, large airways, regions of heart...
It is known as Gristle
Cartilage
Cartilage is formed by?
Chondrocytes
Cartilage is slow to heal and is?
Avascular!
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
What is a specialized connective tissue that is often forgotten?
Blood
One of the hardest connective tissues is?
Bone
What are the four types of multicellular epithelial sheet membranes?
Mucous - Lines connections to outside
Serous - Serosae
Cutaneous - Skin
Synovial - Makes synovial fluid
What is the immediate first affects in Tissue Healing?
1. Inflammation
2. Vasocontriction followed by Vasodilation
3. Fluid pours into Region
4. Clot formation
5. Phagocytic Cells
6. Hormones diffuse inflamation
What are the steps of Tissue Healing?
1. Inflammation
2. Formation of Granulation Tissue
3. Epithelialization - Scab falls off skin covers.
What is first intention healing?
Skin heals side to side without the formation of granulation tissue or significant scarring.
What is second intention healing?
Wound edges are separated and granulation tissue fills the gap. Predisposing to scar tissue and proudflesh. This is why we suture.
The Integumentary System is?
Skin!
The Integumantary System is composed of three layers! What are they?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (Subcutaneous or SQ)
What are the four main types of epidermal cells?
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel Cells
Langerhans Cells
The primary cell type of the epidermis! It produces a tough waterproof protein.
Keratinocytes
These epidermal cells produce melanin a skin pigment.
Melanocytes
Epidermal cells that are specific macrophages, white blood cells and part of the immune system.
Langerhans Cells
These epidermal cells are involved in sensation of touch. They are very small in numbers tend to be at the epidermal and dermal junctions.
Merkel Cells
This layer of the skin is less cellular than the epidermis. It contains hair follicles, nerve endings, glands, smooth muscle, blood vessels and lymphatics.
Dermis
This layer of skin contains loose Areloar tissue. It has adipose tissue, blood, lymphatic vessels, pacinian corpuscle, is sensitive to touch...
Hypodermis
What is the growth cycle of hair?
Anagen - Growth
Catagen - Transition
Telogen - Resting
What is a sudden loss of many hairs at once in response to an insult to the body?
Telogen Effluvium!