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215 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Miniature
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no more than 8.2 hands (34 inches)
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Pony
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10-14.2 hands
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Light breed
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14.2-17.2 hands
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Draft breed
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more than 17 hands (to 19.2 hands)
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Hand
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4 inches, height is measured from ground to withers
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Cold-blooded
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draft
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Hot-blooded
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riding breeds (light breeds)
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Warmblood
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cold and hot (crosses between light and draft breeds)
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American Quarter horse (hot breed)
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most popular in world, solid body, large jaw, straight forehead (breed used for bursts of speed)
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American paint
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white on body (hot) (horse with large spots)
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Arabian
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(hot breed) endurance(large chest, big feet, gliding gait), concave forehead, broad head, smaller muzzle, carry tail high, big feet, short back (fewer vertebra) (dish-faced breed)
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Appaloosa
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(hot breed) from Spanish horses, nespierce Indians (small spotted blanket breed)
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Morgan
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(hot breed) small, can do it all (small riding and pulling breed)
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Saddlebred
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(hot breed) MO famous for, preferred horse of calvary (pacer with slight build)
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American standardbred
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(hot breed) funny movement, usually not ridden, used for sulky races, R front w/ R hind, L front w/ L hind (harness racers, trotters)
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Tennessee walking horse
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(hot breed) all colors, good gait, gentle, breed for plantation owners (large ambling breed from Tennessee)
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Thoroughbred
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(hot breed) preferred horse of calvary, fastest light breed (breed used in distance races)
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Missouri fox trotter
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(hot breed) MO famous for, lack shoulder muscle, small jaw, gentle gait (small ambling gait breed from Missouri)
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Mule
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cross between a jack (male donkey) & a mare (female horse) (longer ears)
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Henny
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cross between a stallion (male horse) & a jenny (female donkey) (shorter ears)
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Bay
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dark brown w/ black points
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Palomino
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sorrel and white, golden body w/ white mane (golden-tan color with whitish mane and tail)
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Chestnut (sorrel)
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light red, most common in quarter horse, tolerate heat well (sorrel = light red, copper color), (chestnut = light reddish-brown color)
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Dun
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brown with black mane and tail, and black line down back (brownish gray or grayish brown color)
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Buckskin
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lighter color body w/ dark points (grayish-yellow color)
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Roan
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white hairs mixed with another color hair (white or gray hairs sprinkled among darker color)
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Grullo
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mouse color, black mane, tail, stripes (mouse colored dun)
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Stallion
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male horse
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Gelding
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neutered male horse
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Mare
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female horse
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Jack
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male donkey
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Jenny
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female donkey
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John
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male mule
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Molly
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female mule
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Foaling
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birthing horse
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Foal
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up to about 6 months (young horse or mule)
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Weanling
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6 months to 1 year (between weaning and 1 year of age)
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Yearling
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1 year old (between 1 and 2 years of age)
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Colt
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young male horse until puberty (young male horse, under 3 years)
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Filly
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young female horse
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Herd
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collection of horses (in the wild a “band”)
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Barren
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collection of mules
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Stable
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housing horse
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Equinophobia
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fear of horses
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English
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roman (relatively flat saddle and guiding with both hands)
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Western (describe saddle and guiding with reins)
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Spanish-livestock (stock saddle with horn and guiding with one hand)
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Walk
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4 beats (4 beat gait, slowest)
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Trot
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2 beats, opposite legs paired (2 beat, diagonal feet hit the ground at same time)
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Canter (English) or lope (western)
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3 beats, leads (3 beat skipping gait)
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Gallop
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4 beats, faster than lope/canter, all four feet off the ground at 1 point (four beat gait with all feet off ground in between)
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Pace(pacing)
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same side leg paired (front and rear feet on same side hit ground)
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Ambling gait
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diagonal 4 beat gait with front foot landing first
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Annular ligament syndrome
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thickening of the back of the fetlock
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Bars of the mouth (between _ & _ teeth)
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gap between incisors and molar teeth
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Bars of the hoof
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V shaped support ridges on bottom of hoof
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Bishoping
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altering the teeth to mask age
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Bit
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bridle’s metal bar or chain that goes in the mouth
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Blister
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a strong liniment to rub on legs
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Bog spavin
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compressible swelling of the hock (joint fluid)
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Bone spavin
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hard (bony) protrusion at front or inside of hock (swelling hard excess bone)
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Bolt
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to suddenly run without control
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Bots
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fly that lays eggs on legs (front), larvae live in the horses stomach
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Bowed tendon
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thickening of the back of the leg above the fetlock
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Box stall
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square stall to hold one horse
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Bridle
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head collar for riding, consists of headstall, bit, reins
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Cannon bone
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large bone above the fetlock
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Capped hock
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thickening at point of hock
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Cast
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downed horse is wedged against a wall and unable to rise
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Check ligament
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fibrous band to digital flexor tendon that aids in supporting leg when standing
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Chestnut (not the color)
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small callus on inside of each of the four legs
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Clinch cutter
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tool to remove horse nail clinch
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Coffin bone
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last bone of the leg, enclosed in hoof
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Coggins
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blood test for EIA (Equine Infectious Anemia) (no treatment)
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Colic
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abdominal pain that can lead to shock and death (#1 killer of horses)
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Coronet
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area where haired skin meets hoof
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Cracks
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hoof cracks: toe, quarter, or heel
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Cradle
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neck restraint to prevent chewing wounds
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Crib
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grabbing an object with teeth and pulling
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Cross tie
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typing a horse’s head to points on each side
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Croup
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top part of rump
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Cups
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indentations in occlusal surface of young teeth
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Dental stars
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yellow/dark circles near occlusal surface center
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Dressage
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European training of precise horseback maneuvers
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Equine Infectious Anemia
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EIA
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Face markings
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white on face: blaze (strip), star (forehead), stripe (thin strip), snip (nose), bald (almost all white)
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Far-side
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right side
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Farrier
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horse shoer (iron = Fe)
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Fetlock
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joint between cannon bone and pastern
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Fleshman
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stretching neck and curling upper lip, concentrate smell on nose
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Floating
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filing off sharp tooth edges (outside of upper teeth, inside of lower teeth)(once a year)
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Foal heat
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estrus 7-12 days after foaling
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Founder
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laminitis and rotation of the coffin bone
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Fox trot
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4 beat gait, diagonal feet land almost at the same time
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Frog
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heel portion of the bottom of the hoof
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Galvayne’s groove
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groove on 3rd upper incisor that appears at 10 years and is gone at 30 years of age
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Gaskin
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area between stifle and hock joints
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Guttural pouch
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pocket formed by part of the auditory tube
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Hand
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unit of height measurement (4 inches)
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Halter
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head collar for restraint
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Hoof pick
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instrument to clean sole, bars, and frog
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Hoof tester
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blunt pliers to check for sensitive areas on hoof
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Heaves
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chronic asthma-like disease (notice the “heave line”, thickened chest muscle on lower aspect of chest due to difficulty in breathing)
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Hock
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hindleg joint analogous to human ankle and heel
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knee
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carpus, analogous to human wrist
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Laminitis (L where is it located?)
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inflammation of the inner wall of the hoof (head heavy so shift weight back)
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Lather
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foamy sweat
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directing the horse around you in a circle on a long lead line (watch the spelling)
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Lungeing
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Monkey mouth (_ mandible)
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lower incisors protrude beyond upper incisors (protruding mandible)
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Parrot mouth (_ mandible)
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upper incisors protrude beyond lower incisors (recessed mandible)
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Navicular bone
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small boat-shaped bone in back of coffin joint
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Near-side
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left side
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Nippers
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hoof trimming cutters (flat front)
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Osselets
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soft swelling on the front of the fetlock
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Paddock
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small fenced area (corral, pen)
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pastern
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distal leg between fetlock and hoof
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Periople
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moisture-proof coating for hoof (produced at cornet)
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Pinchers
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farrier’s pliers to remove horse shoes (round front)
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poll
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back top part of head
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Quidding
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dropping food from the mouth while eating
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Quittor
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infection along coronet
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Rack
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accelerated flashy 4 beat lateral gait (walk)
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Rasp
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file to smooth hoof and round edges
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Ringbone
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bony swelling on pastern bone (high or low)
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Scratches
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scabs from bacterial infection of fetlock
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Settle
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to become pregnant
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Shod
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wearing horse shoes
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Sidebone
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calcification of the collateral cartilages
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Smooth mouth
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all cups have worn off teeth (11 years)
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Socks (below _)
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white on legs below knees or hocks
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Splints
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inflammation of ligament between splint and cannon bones
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Stay apparatus
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muscles, ligaments, tendons used to stand at rest with minimal effort (front feet)
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Stifle
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knee joint of hind leg
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Stock
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narrow stall for restraining a horse
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Strangles
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contagious Streptococcal infection of young horses
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Strike
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to slap with front leg
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Sweeney
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injury on shoulder also from pull collars (wasting away of shoulder muscles from nerve injury)
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Tack
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equipment for riding or driving
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Tease
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detecting heat (estrus) with a stallion
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Thoroughpin
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swelling of tendon sheath above the hock
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Twitch
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restraint tool that pinches the upper lip
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Waxing
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dried colostrum on nipples just before foaling
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Windpuff (windgall in UK)
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compressible swelling on sides of the fetlock
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Withers
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highest point of shoulders before neck begins
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Wolf tooth
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1st upper premolar
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Mischief or colony
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collective mice, rats
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Horde
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collective hamsters, gerbils
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Warren or colony
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collective rabbits
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Kit
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young ferret, chinchilla
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Kindling
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birthing rabbits
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Anogenital distance
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distance used to determine sex in some species (female have shorter distance between anus and _)
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Antivivisectionist
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person opposed to surgery on live animals
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Axenic
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germ free (free of a specific germ)
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Barbering
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dominant animals bites or chews fur of others
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Biohazard
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substance dangerous to life
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Cannibalism
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devouring the same species
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Cheek pouch
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space in mouth of hamsters for food and bedding
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Dusting
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method used by chinchillas to clean themselves
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Estivate
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rest during summer
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Exsanguination
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removal of blood from the body (death)
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Fur-slip
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shedding hair in patches from handling chinchillas
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Genotype
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genetic makeup for a particular trait
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Gnotobiotic
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germ free animals exposed to nonpathogenic germs
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Heterozygous
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2 different genes for a particular trait
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Homozygous
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2 identical genes for the same trait
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Hibernate
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rest during winter
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Hooded
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rats with white coat and black head and shoulders
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Horizontal transmission
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disease transmission from one animal to another
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Vertical transmission
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disease transmission from mother
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Hystricomorph
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guinea pigs, chinchillas
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In situ
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at normal site in body (transplant)
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In vitro
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in a laboratory
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In vivo
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in animal’s body
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Latent infection
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infection that appears during stress (herpes)
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Monogamous
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pairs with only 1 mate
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Phenotype
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physical characteristics
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Pithing
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destroying part of the brain w/ a blunt needle
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Polygamous
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pairs with multiple mates
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Polytocous
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giving birth to litters
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Progenitor
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parent or ancestor
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Protocol
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written procedure for carrying out experiments
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Ringtail
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ring-like sores on tail of rats caused by low humidity
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Rodent
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small gnawing animals with single pair of incisors
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Sable
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cream undercoat with black on feet, tail, mask
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Scurvy
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vitamin C deficiency (diet source required of primates and guinea pigs)
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housing (small rodents)
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Shoebox cage
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Transgenic
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transfer of specific genes between animals
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Myomorph
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mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster
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Hamster
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desert Seria, has flank scent glands and cheek pouches
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Gerbil (another name:_)
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middle east dessert, low water need, hairy tail, also called a jird, male has belly scent gland
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Mouse
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all over, wild mice carry viruses, males can’t live together, most common small house and laboratory rodents
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Rat
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Norway, hooded – just brown head, black, brown Norway, white (albino) Norway breeds
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Guinea pig (another name: _)
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south America, food source for inkaus, also called a cavy and requires vitamin C in diet
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Chinchilla
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mountain, South America, hold by tail and neck, very dense hair coat, soft hair, males do not have scrotum
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Ferret (black footed from = , pets from = )
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black footed = North America, pets = European, hunting rodents, related to skunks, run wiring in airplanes, related to weasels and mink, have odor glands
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Rabbits
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burrow for sleeping, have 2 pair of gnawing incisors, burrows
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Hare
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bigger ears and eyes, don’t burrow to sleep, , does not burrow, longer ears than rabbits
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Cecotroph
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“night feces” in rabbits, eaten from anus
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Snuffles
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upper respiratory infection of rabbits with Pasteurella bacteria
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Musophobia
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fear of mice
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Lagomorph
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rabbit, hare
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Knockout
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having a specific gene removed to create an anomaly
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Boar
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male guinea pig
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Sow
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female guinea pig
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Dysbiosis
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altered intestinal bacteria from antibiotic use
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Harderian gland
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gland behind eye in rats that causes red tears during stress
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Sipper bottle
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water bottle that is turned upside down with a tube to drink from
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Buck
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male (mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster, chinchilla, rabbit)
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Doe
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female (mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster, chinchilla, rabbit)
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Pup
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young mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster
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Bunny
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young rabbit, hare
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Hob
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male ferret
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Jill
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female ferret
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Business
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collection of ferret
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Hedgehog (ignore)
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no use, some people get extreme skin reaction is spines punctures skin (toed hedgehog)
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Sugar gliders(ignore)
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Australia, should be kept in a group
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