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42 Cards in this Set

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Which type of breed is most likely to have the worst dental probs?
brachycephalic
mesaticephalic
Dolichocephalic
Brachycephalic..esp pugs because little mouth , but just as many teeth as a regular dog mouth.
Chronic dental disease can lead to?
mitral valve disease (which is on the left side) and kidney disease.

This happens because bac from teeth land in heart valve scar it and cause it leak, it also lands in the glomerulus and makes it leaky and not able to filter.
bacteremia?
bac in the bl stream
Brachycephalic type teeth?
Short nosed dogs
crowded and rotated premolars.
Mesaticephalic
medium nosed dogs
most common type
Dolichocephalic
long nosed dogs.
Hard Palate consists of? and is located in the?
consists of hard bone, covered with mucous membrane with irregular ridges (aka rugae) and is located in the maxilla-the upper jaw.
Soft palate consists of and is located in the?
Posterior portion of the roof WITH NO UNDERLYING BONE, separates oral cavity from pharynx. Located in the upper jaw maxilla.
Incisive Papillae is located?
behind central incisors. Located in the maxilla
Rugae palatinae
firm ridges, mucuos membrane in hard, upper jaw.
Pharynx:
muscular tube that leads to basal cavity:common to GI and resp tract.
Temporomandibularjoint
TMJ, hinge joint that connects upper and lower joint (mandible lower joint lcoation)
Mandibular symphysis
trauma here can cause a?
point where the two mandibles are fused (trauma can cause a sympheal fracture which can be repaired with wire.) Lower jaw:mandibular
Sublingual
beneath tongue
How many teeth do puppies have?
28 teeth
how many teeth do adult dogs have?
42
How many teeth do kittens have?
26
How many teeth do adult cats have?
30
External tooth anatomy:
Crown?
cusp?
neck?
root?
-part of tooth above gum line, covered w/ enamel.
-tip of crown (aka occlusial surface) top that hits other teeth "most involved in chewing"
-area where enamel thins close to gum line
-portion below gum line
Dentine/dentin is?
created by?
bulk of tooth/internal tooth which is produced by odontoblasts throughout the life of the tooth. Odontoblasts line the pulp chamber
Pulp chamber?

Socket alveolus
Inner portion of tooth, contains nerves, blood vessels, fibrous tissue and other cells

-apex of tooth, portion deepest in socket. blood vessels enter and ext through small channels.
What holds the teeth in?
Cementum w/ cements tooth in place.
and Periodontal ligaments which also hold teeth in place.
Apex?

Enamel?
deepest part of tooth

-hardest substance in body, only present above gum line.
Apical foramen:
large channels at apex where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit (opening at tip of root.)
root canal?

pulp chamber?
pulp exposure
opening inside tooth below gum line.

opening in tooth above gum line :fresh exposed pulp is pink and is considered and ER, If left alone w/out treatment then dentin will grow over and cover spot up, this will appear black.
GINGIVA
Keratinization:

Alveolar mucosa:
Hardening of epethilial tissue of gingiva,can withstand force of chewing
stratified squamous tissue

- less dense keratinization of gingiva tissue covering bone, incrse susceptibility to tissue trauma.
Sulcus:
normal healthy space growing up to the tooth. Known as pocket interchangeably but pocket is not happy/ periodontal disease
Periodontal ligament:

Cementum:

Alveolar bone (cancellous bone)
-holds tooth in place in the alveolus (socket)

-attaches periodontal ligament to the tooth

-bone in which tooth rests in jaw, jaw honeycomb bone, structure w/ out weight.
Normal sulcus in dog

normal sulcus in cat
up to 2 mm in dogs

o-o.5mm in cats
Dental formula for puppies:
and teeth eruptions in puppies?
2x ( 3/3i, 1/1c. 3/3p,) 28

incisors wept at 3-4 wks
canines at 3 wks
premolars at 4-12 wks
Deciduous teeth are and fall out when?
baby teeth and fall out at 1-2 wks before eruption of adult teeth
they have very thin walls which can be easily fractured w/ can lead to infection w can damage permanent tooth bud.
root of deciduous tooth absorbs and crown falls off.
dont want to be too aggressive during extraction bc it may damage underlying perm tooth.
Dental formula for kittens
age for tooth eruptions
2x (3/3i,1/1c,3/2p)=26

kittens only have 2 premolars in lower arcade!
teeth erupt earlier:
incisors erupt at : 2-3 wks
canines at: 3-4 wks
premolars at 3-6 wks
(no primary molars)
Adult dog dental formula
tooth eruption
2x(3/3I,1/1C,4/4P,2/3M)=42

incisors erupt at 3-5 mos
canines erupt at 4-6 mos
molars erupt at 5-6 mos
Premolar 4 aka
carnasal tooh
famous for slab fractures (like a cut tree) may crack from chewing hard stuff. famous for incrse plaque build up.
Molar 2, lower jaw?
sometimes a remnant is seen or may not be seen.
tooth uses:
Incisors:

canines:

Premolars:

molars:
-grooming and gnawing

-holding and tearing

-cutting and breaking up food/grinding

-grinding
Root structure-dog
all roots removed in extraction
-one rooted teeth
all incisors, canines, premolar 1, mandibular molar 3

-two rooted teeth
maxillary premolar 2 and 3, mandibular premolar2,3,4,
mandibular molar 1 and 2

-three rooted teeth
maxillary premolar 4, maxillary molar 1 and 2
(these can be sectioned once or twice and pull out one root tooth half at a time.)
techs can do extractions.
Dental formula for adult cats:
2x ( 3/3I, 1/1/C,3/2P,1/1M)=30

incisors erupt at 3-4 mos
canines at 4-5 mos
premolars at 4-6 mos
molars at 4-5 mos
root structure in the cat
one rooted teeth:
all incisors, canines,macillary premolar 2

-two rooted teeth
maxillary premolar 3, mandibular premolar3,4, and molar 1

three rooted teeth
maxillary premolar 4

one to three roots fused
maxillary molar
Positional terms:

Labial:

Buccal:

Palatal:

Lingual:

Interproximal area:
-toward outside of teeth, toward lips (in the front of mouth incisors/canines)

--toward outside of teeth, toward cheeks

-maxillary teeth, toward inside of teeth

-mandibular teeth, toward inside of tooth (facing tongue)

-area btwn teeth
Anatomic numbering of teeth
Lower case for deciduous teeth and caps for adult

Incisors= I
1
central right maxillary I is: I

central left mandibular I is: I
1
Dogs: start w 1 and move to back of mouth

Cats: star w/ 2 in maxilla
start w 3 in mandible
no primary molars exists.
Triadian numbering

rule of 4 and 9
mouth 1 / 2
4 / 3

1 right max
2 left max
3 left mand
4 right mand

rule of 4 and 9 (canine is always end in 4 ex 104 ,404) and 1st molar ends with 9 (109,409) central incisor is o1 ex (101, 201)