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300 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 4 features are common to all Chordates? |
1. Notochord 2. Dorsal hollow nerve chord 3. Pharyngeal slits 4. Post anal muscular tail |
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What 3 additional characters unite the vertebrates? |
1. Ventral heart 2. Cephalization 3. Vertebrae (sometimes) |
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Tunicate (adult and larvae) |
Phylum: Chordata SubPhylum: Urochordata |
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Amphioxus or Lancelets |
Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Cephalochordata |
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Hagfish |
Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Order: Myxinoidea/Myxiniformes/Myxinia Family: Myxinoidea |
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Lamprey (Ammocetes Larva) |
Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Order: Petromyzontiodea/Petromyzontiformes Family: Petromyzontidae |
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Sharks and Skates |
Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii |
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Chimera or Ratfish |
Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Holocephali |
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1. metapterygium 2. mesopterygium 3. protrygium 4. radalia (cartilage) 5. ceratotrichia (protein) 6. coracoid cartilage 7. glenoid surface 8. scapular region 9. suprascapular cartilage |
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1. ischiopubic bar 2. iliac process 3. propterygium 4. metapterygium 5. radialia 6. actinotrichia 7. clasper |
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Human |
Primates Homo sapiens |
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Bighorn Sheep |
Artiodactyla Ovis canadensis |
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Elk |
Artiodactyla Cervus elephus |
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Spiny Anteater |
Prototheria Ornithodelphia Monotremata |
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Duck Billed Platypus |
Prototheria Ornithodelphia Monotremata |
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Manatee |
Sirenia |
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Piciformes |
Puffbirds
Jacamars Barbets Toucans |
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Sphenisciformes |
Penguins |
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Procellariiformes |
Albatrosses Shearwaters and Petrels Storm-Petrels |
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Pelecaniformes |
Tropic birds Boobies and Gannets Pelicans Cormorants Anhingas and Darters Frigatebirds |
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Galliformes |
Currasows and Guans |
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Charadriiformes |
Thick-knees Oystercatchers Stilts and Avocets Jacans Sandpipiers, Phalaropes |
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Columbiformes |
Sandgrouse |
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Psittaciformes |
Lorries, Parakeets, Macaws, and Parrots |
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Strigiformes |
Owls |
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Caprimulgiformes |
Potoos Oilbirds |
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Coraciiformes |
Hoopoes Todies Motmots |
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Tinimiformes |
Tinamous |
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Struthioniformes |
Ostriches |
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Rheiformes |
Rheas |
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Casuariiformes |
Cassowarys Emus |
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Apterygiformes |
Kiwis |
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Ciconiformes |
Ibises an Spoonbills Storks |
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Phoenicopteriformes |
Flamingos |
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Gruiformes |
Sungrebes Sunbitterns Limpkins |
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Black Phoebe |
Passeriformes Tyrannidae |
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Red-naped sapsucker |
Piciformes Picidae |
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Passeriformes |
Ovenbirds Woodcreepers Antbirds Tapaculos Contigas Manakins Sharpbills Vireos Titmice Penduline Tits and Verdins Long-tailed Tits and Bushtits Creepers Bulbuls Kinglets Mockingbirds and Thrashers Accentors Wagtails and Pipits Silky-flycatchers Palmchats Honey eaters White-eyes Phainopeplas Olive Warbler Towhees and New World Sparrows Oldworld Sparrows Weavers Estrildine Finches and Whydahs |
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Worm-lizards |
Amphisbaenia Amphisbaenidae |
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Alligators and Caimens (Classification) |
Crocodylia Alligatoridae |
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Alligators and Caimens (Characteristics) |
Laterally flattened tail Ear flaps Sphincters around nostrils |
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Helodermatidae Helodermata suspectum |
Black and orange, huge round scales |
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Boidae Lichanura trivirgata |
thin belly scales, groove between eyes and nose |
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Night lizards |
Xantusidae |
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Legless lizard |
Anneillidae |
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Iguanadae Phrynosoma hernandesi |
short horns, single row of fringe scales |
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Iguanidae Sceloporous cowlesi |
fine scales, longitudinal stripes |
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Sea Turtles (hard shelled) |
Cheloniidae |
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Leatherback Sea Turtles |
Dermochelyidae |
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Chelydridae Chelydra serpentina |
3 rows of knobs on shell long tail with scales reduced plastron |
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Chordata Traits |
1. Dorsal hollow nerve chord 2. Post anal tail 3. Notochord 4. Pharyngeal gill slits |
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Vertebrata Traits |
1. Pancreas 2. Cranium 3. Ventral multi-chambered heart 4. Liver 5. Kidney |
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anadromous |
Migrating up a stream or river from a lake or ocean to spawn (fishes) |
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Paedomorphosis |
Where the larva becomes sexually mature w/o attaining the adult body form. Achieved by neoteny or progenesis. |
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Skeletal Changes from Boney Fish |
1. Vertebral zygapopheses 2. 2 occipital condyles 3. Single cervical vertebrae 4. Single sacral vertebrae 5. Supportive (pectoral/pelvic) girdles 6. Tetrapod appendages 7. Reduction of bones in skull 8. Absence of supportive elements in median fins |
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Non-skeletal Changes from Boney Fish |
1. Tongue 2. Presence of ear ossicle (collumelea) 3. Eyelids and glands to moisten eye 4. Lungs present 5. Moist skin (locking scales/feathers) 6. Eggs lack chorion, amnion or shell 7. External fertilization (some exceptions) |
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Narrowmouth Toads |
Anura Microhylidae Gastrophyne divacea Little Heads, large digestive system |
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Lowland Leopard Frog |
Anura Ranidae Lithobates yavapaiensis Dorsal lateral fold stops with inset at end, pale with dark blotches, no spots on nose |
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Northern Leopard Frog |
Anura Ranidae Lithobates pipiens Dorsal lateral fold continues to the end of the frog |
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Chiricahua Leopard Frog |
Anura Ranidae Lithobates chiricahuensis Dorsal lateral fold stops with inset at end, light bumps on thigh |
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Bullfrog |
Anura Ranidae Lithobates catesbeiana Lack dorsal lateral fold, mottled belly |
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Mountain Tree Frog |
Anura Hylidae Hyla wrightorum expanded toe tips smooth, dark marks |
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Canyon Tree Frog |
Anura Hylidae Hyla arenicolor Expanded toe tips, blotchy, rough skin |
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Chorus Frog |
Anura Hylidae Pseudacris triseriata 3 lines down back, toe tips don't have expansions |
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Cricket Frog |
Anura Hylidae Acris crepitans Stripes on inner thighs, toes aren't expanded |
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Red-spotted Toad |
Anura Bufonidae Anaxyrus punctatus Vertically long paratoid gland, slightly pea shaped |
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Southwestern Toad |
Anura Bufonidae Anaxyrus microscaphus no dorsal stripe, pale bar between eyes |
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Woodhouse's Toad |
Anura Bufonidae Anaxyrus woodhousei Cranial crests are parallel, no bump on nose, paisley shaped blotches with 1-3 warts on each, bean shaped paratoid, light dorsal stripe |
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Plains Toad |
Anura Bufonidae Anaxyrus cognatus Bean shaped paratoid, paisley shaped blotches with 5-8 warts on each, light mid dorsal stripe, cranial crests converge to bump on nose |
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Colorado River Toad |
Anura Bufonidae Ollotis alvarius Huge poison glands on limbs, at ends of jaws, behind eyes, on feet |
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Barking Frog |
Anura Brachycephalidae Craugaster augusti No webbing between toes, fold of skin to cover eyes |
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New Mexico Spadefood |
Anura Scaphiopodidae Spea multiplicatus foot has shovel shaped spade |
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Couche's Spadefoot |
Anura Scaphiopodidae Scaphiopus couchi foot has sickle-shaped spade, vertical pupils, patterned |
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Plains Spadefoot Toad |
Anura Scaphiopodidae Spea bombifrons Foot spade like a shovel, bump between the eyes |
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Clawed Frog |
Anura Pipidae Xenopus laevis Extensive webbing on hind feet, 3 digits with black claws, no eyelids, no tongue |
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Tailed Frog |
Anura Ascaphidae Ascaphus truei No metatarsal tubricle, males have a tail |
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Jemez Mountain Salamander |
Caudata Plethodontidae Plethodon neomeicanus 17-19 costal grooves, lighter |
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Sacramento Mountain Salamander |
Caudata Plethodontidae Aneides hardii nasolabial groove, long and thin, no gills, no lungs |
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Tiger Salamander |
Caudata Ambystomatidae Ambystoma tigrinum Paetomorphic adult has large round head, heavy gills, and is unproportioned. Adult has large round spots |
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Rough Skinned Newt |
Caudata Salamandridae Taricha granulosa Brownish dorsum conspicuous from light underbelly Unken reflex- shows its underbelly |
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Red Spotted Newt |
Caudata Salamandridae Notopthalmus vilidescens Dark spots, can grow or lose tail fins, donut holes with red |
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3 Toed Amphiuma |
Caudata Amphiumidae Amphiuma tridactylum No external gills, 4 tiny limbs, no tail fin |
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Pacific Giant Salamander |
Caudata Dicamptodontidae Dicamptodon ensatus No gills, 4 limbs, no tail fins, deep costal grooves |
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Mudpuppy |
Caudata Proteidae Necturus maculosus External gills, 4 limbs, tail fins |
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Helbenders |
Caudata Cryptobranchidae Loose skin, big head, no gills |
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Lesser Siren |
Caudata Sirenidae Siren intermedia External gills, no hind limbs, tail fins |
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Salamanders Frogs and Toads Caecilians |
Class: Amphibia Suborder: Lissamphibia Orders: Caudata Anura Apoda |
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Brook Stickleback |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Gasterosteidae Culaea inconstans Pointy spines on back |
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Mottled Sculpin |
Osteichthyes
Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cottidae Cottus bairdi Sucker on belly |
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White Bass |
Osteichthyes
Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Moronidae Morone chrysops Seperate primary and secondary dorsal fins |
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Ventral Chondrocranium 1. Opistholic 2. Prootic 3. Quadrate 4. Trabecula 5. Antorbital cartilage 6. Trabecular horn 7. Ethmoid plate 8. Parachordal 9. Fenestra ovalis 10. Exoccipital 11. Synotic tectum |
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Dorsal 1. Parietal 2. Squamosal 3. Pterygoid 4. Vomer 5. Premaxilla 6. Frontal 7. Quadrate 8. Prootic 9. Opistholic 10. Exoccipital |
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1. Rib 2. Anterior zygapaphysis 3. Vertebral canal 4. Centrum 5. Neural arch 6. Transverse process 7. Neural spine 8. Posterior zygapaphysis 9. Anterior 10. Posterior |
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1. Centrum 2. Anterior zygapophysis 3. Diapophysis 4. Neural spine 5. Posterior zygapophysis 6. Tuberculum 7. Capitulum 8. Parapophysis 9. Anterior 10. Posterior |
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1. Omosternum 2. Clavicle 3. Coracoid 4. Epicoracoid 5. Metasternum/sternum |
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1. Palmar 2. Thenar 3. Inner 4. Outer |
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1. parotoid gland 2. lympanum 3. width (eyelid) 4. length (eyelid) 5. nostril 6. interorbital distance 7. canthus rostralis 8. upper eyelid 9. eye 10. cranial crest 11. vertebral stripe 12. warts 13. interparotoid distance |
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Embryological Development |
Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes spiral -cleavage- radial schizocoely -origin of mesoderm- enterocoely schizocoely -origin of body cavity- enterocoely becomes mouth -blastopore- becomes anus trochophore -1st larval stage- dipleura like |
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1. digits 2. forearm 3. upper arm 4. axilla 5. angle of jaw 6. mouth 7. snout 8. vitta or eyemask 9. nostril 10. head body length 11. sacral hump 12. dorsolateral fold 13. rump 14. femur 15. groin 16. tibia 17. heel 18 tarsus 19. foot 20. web 21. knee 22. head lenth 23. tympanum |
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Shark Skull 1. rostrum 2. nasal capsule 3. orbit 4. palatoquadrate 5. mandibular cartilage 6. mandibular arch 7. hyomandibular 8. hyoid arch |
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Vertebrae A B 1. neural crest 1. neural crest 2. centrum 2. centrum 3. transverse process 3. hemal arch |
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Pectoral Girdle 1. suprascapular cartilage 2. scapular region 3. antinotrichia 4. radialia 5. metapterygium 6. mesopterygium 7. properygium 8. glenoid surface 9. coracoid cartilage 10. basalia |
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Pelvic Girdle 1. ischiopubic bar 2. iliac process 3. propterygium 4. metapterygium 5. radialia 6. actinotrichia 7. clasper |
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Placoid Scale 1. enamel 2. dentin |
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1. rostropremaxilla 2. nasal 3. nares 4. lacrimal 5. orbit 6. frontal 7. postfrontal 8. postorbital 9. parietal 10. suborbital 11. supratemporal 12. extrascapular 13. post temporal 14. hymandibular 15. preopercular 16. opercular 17. subopercular 18. interopercular 19. quadrate 20. gulars 21. angular 22. supra-angular 23. dentaryinfrandenta 24. maxillary 25. palatal bones 26. supramaxilla 27. antorbital |
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Mexican Tetra |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Characidae Astyanax mexicanus adipose fin, dark stripe through caudal fin |
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Fish |
Class: Osteichthyes Subclass: Actinopterygii Infraclass: Neopterygii Series: Teleostei |
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6 Morphology Characteristics of Gars |
1. single bony operculum 2. spiracle absent 3. skeleton ossified 4. modified heterocercal tail 5. ganoid scales 6. typically no fleshy lobe on fins |
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6 Morphology Characteristics of Amia |
1. single bony operculum 2. spiracle absent 3. skeleton ossified 4. modified heterocercal tail 5. scales lost, ganoine covering 6. shortening of the jaw |
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8 Morphology Characteristics of Sturgeon |
1. single bony operculum 2. spiracle usually present 3. skeleton partly ossified 4. heterocercal tail 5. loss of scales (bony plates instead) 6. feeble jaw (scavengers 7. typically no fleshy lobe on fins 8. typically large headed (jawed) |
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6 Morphology Characteristics of Trout, Perch, and Triggerfish |
1. single bony operculum 2. high pectoral fins 3. anterior pelvic fins 4. homocercal tail 5. elasmoid of ctenoid scales 6. skeleton ossified |
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White Crappie |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Centrarchidae Pomoxis annularis Anal fin is larger than dorsal fin |
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Largemouth Bass |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Centrarchidae Micropterus salamoides End of the maxillary shield goes past the eye, stripey |
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Spotted Bass |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Centrarchidae Micropterus punctulatus Lateral line is a series of dark spots |
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Smallmouth Bass |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Centrarchidae Micropterus dolomieui End of maxillary shield is directly below middle of eye, tail is dark with pale at the tip |
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Bluegill |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Centrarchidae Lepomis macrochirus Black spot on dorsal fin, round and short |
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Green Sunfish |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Centrarchidae Lepomis cyanellus Not as round, spot on side doesn't go to the end of the operculum |
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Mosquitofish |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Poeciliidae Gambusia affinis Big scales, upturned mouth, striped spots along tail, big belly |
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Plains Killifish |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Fundulidae Fundulus zebrinus Zebra stripes |
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American Eel |
Anguillidae Anguilla rostrata |
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Flathead Catfish |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Ictaluridae Pylodictis olivaris Dorsal part of tail is clear, flat head |
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Channel Catfish |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Ictaluridae Ictalurus punctatus Forked tail, spots |
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Yellow Bullhead |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Ictaluridae Ameiurus natalis Black and clear, whiskers |
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Black Bullhead |
Osteichtheyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Ictaluridae Ameiurus melas Black whiskers |
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Loach Minnow |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Tiroga cobitis Large, flat pectoral fins, clear spots by tail and dorsal fin |
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Speckled Dace |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Rhinichthys osculus Large pectoral fins, no discoloration near fins or tail |
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Fathead Minnow |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Pimephales promelas Has flat head, black spots on dorsal fin |
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Spikedace |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Meda fulgida Hard to see scales, sharp dorsal fin |
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Roundtail Chub |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Gila robusta Round fat tail, terminal mouth |
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Common Carp |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio Large scales, barbles on mouth |
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Red Shiner |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Cyprinella lutrensis Dark line down bottom of neck, small fish with big scales |
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Longfin Dace |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Cyprinidae Agosia chrysogaster Dark lateral line that ends in a dot Anal Tails- Female: triangular, Male: Sycle |
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Sonora Sucker |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Catostomidae Catostomus insignis
Smaller pursed sucker |
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Desert Sucker |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Catostomidae Catostomus clarki Separated by lobes on sucker |
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Cutthroat Trout |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Salmonidae Oncorhynchus clarki Spots get larger and more numerous toward tail |
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Rainbow Trout |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Salmonidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Adapose fins, no spots on lateral line |
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Gila Trout |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Salmonidae Oncorhynchus gilae Adapose fins, spots on the lateral line |
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Shovelnose Sturgeon |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Chondrostei Acipenseridae Scaphirhynchus platorynchus |
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Longnose Gar |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Holostei Lepisosteidae Lepisosteus osseus |
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Threadfin Shad |
Osteichthyes Actinopterygii Neopterygii Teleostei Clupeidae Dorosoma petenense Long ray off dorsal fin |
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Gar Amia-Bowfin |
Class: Osteichthyes Subclass: Actinopterygii Infraclass: Neopterygii Holostei |
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Trout Perch Triggerfish |
Class: Osteichthyes Subclass: Actinopterygii Infraclass: Neopterygii Teleostei |
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Ray-finned Fishes (Subclass) Bichers, Sturgeons, Paddlefishes |
Class: Osteichthyes Subclass: Actinopterygii Infraclass: Chondrostei |
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Neopterygii Holostei Lepisosteus osseus Ganiod scales, single bony operculum |
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Neopterygii Holostei Amia Scales lost ganione covering, single bony operculum |
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1. Homocercal 2. Nearly Diphycercal 3. Heterocercal 4. Hypocercal |
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1. Placoid 2. Ganoid 3. Cycloid 4. Ctenoid |
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Chondrichtheys Holocephali Ratfish |
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Chondrostei Acipenseidae Scaphirhynchus platorychus |
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Clupeidae Dorosoma petenense Long ray off dorsal fin |
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Salmonidae Oncorhynchus gilae spots on lateral line |
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Salmonidae Onchorhynchus mykiss no spots on lateral line |
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Salmonidae Oncorhynchus clarki spots get larger and more numerous towards tail |
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Characidae Astyanax mexicanus small adipose fin |
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Catostomidae Catostomus clarki seperated lobes on sucker |
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Catostomidae Catostomus insignis smaller pursed sucker |
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Cyprinidae Agosia chryogaster Dark lateral line that ends in a dot Anal tail straight on female, concave on male |
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Cyprinidae Cyprinella lutrensis dark line down neck, small fish, big scales |
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Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio large scales, barbles |
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Cyprinidae Gila robusta round fat tail, terminal mouth |
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Cyprinidae Meda fulgida sharp dorsal fin |
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Cyprinidae Pimephales promelas rounded fat head, dark spots on dorsal fin |
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Cyprinidae Rhinicthys osculus no light spots near fin or tail |
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Cyprinidae tiroga cobitis clear spots by tail and dorsal fin |
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Ictaluridae Ameiurus melas Black whiskers |
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Ictaluridae Ameiurus natalis black and clear whiskers |
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Ictaluridae Ictalurus punctatus forked tail |
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Ictaluridae Pylodictis olivaris flat head, dorsal part of tail is clear |
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Fundulidae Fundulus zebrinus zebra stripes |
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Poeciliidae Gambusia affinis Big scales, upturned mouth, big belly, striped spots on tail |
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Centrarchidae Lepomis cyanellus Not very round, spot doesn't go to the end of the perculum |
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Centrarchidae Lepomis macrochirus Black spot on dorsal fin, round and short, spot reaches end of perculum |
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Centrarchidae Micropterus dolomieui Dark with pale beyond on tail, end of maxillary shield is directly below the middle of the eye |
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Centrarchidae Micropterus salmoides End of maxillary shield is past the eye |
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Centrarchidae Pomoxis annularis Anal fin larger than dorsal fin |
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Moronidae Morone chrysops Separate primary and secondary dorsal fins |
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Cottidae Cottus bairdi Sucker on belly |
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Gasterosteidae Culaea inconstans Pointy spines on back |
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Sirenidae Siren intermedia External gills, no hind limbs, tail fins |
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Proteidae Necturus maculosus External gills, 4 limbs |
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Dicamptodontidae Dicamptodon ensatus No gills, 4 limbs, no tail fins, deep costal grooves |
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Amphiumidae Amphiuma triactylum No external gills, 4 tiny limbs, no tail fin |
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Salamandridae Notopthalmus viridescens Dark spots, can grow or lose tail fins |
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Ambystomatidae Ambystoma tigrinum Adult has large round spots. Patomorphic adult has large round head, heavy gills, and us unproportioned |
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Plethodontidae Aneides hardii Long and thin, nasolabial groove, 14-15 costal grooves |
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Ascaphidae Ascaphus truei Males have a tail |
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Pipidae Xenopus laevis Extensive webbing on hind feet, 3 digits with black tipped claws |
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Scaphiopodidae Scaphiopus couchi Foot has sickle shaped spade |
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Scaphiopodidae Spea multiplicatus Foot has shovel shaped spade |
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Scaphiopodidae Spea bombifrons Foot spade like shovel, bump between eyes |
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Brachycephalidae Craugaster augusti No webbing between toes |
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Bufonidae Ollotis alvarius Huge poison glands on limbs, at ends of jaws, behind eyes |
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Bufonidae
Anaxyrus cognatus Cranial crests converge to bump on nose, bean shaped paratoid, paisley shaped blotches with 5-8 warts on each, light dorsal stripe |
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Bufonidae Anaxyrus woodhousei Cranial crests paralell, bean shaped paratoid, paisley shaped blotches with 1-3 warts on each, light dorsal stripe |
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Bufonidae Anaxyrus microscaphus No dorsal stripe, bean shaped paratoid |
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Bufonidae Anaxyrus punctatus Pea shaped paratoid |
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Hylidae Acris crepitans Stripes on inner thighs, no expanded toe tips |
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Hylidae Pseudacris triseriata 3 lines down back, no expanded toe tips |
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Hylidae Hyla arenicolor Expanded toe tips, blotchy rough skin |
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Hylidae Hyla wrightorum Expanded toe tips, smooth, dark marks |
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Ranidae Lithbates catesbeiana Lacks dorsal lateral fold, mottled belly |
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Ranidae Lithobates chiricahuensis Dorsal lateral fold stops, inset area at end, salt and pepper thighs |
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Ranidae Lithobates pipiens Dorsal lateral fold continues to end of frog, halos around spots |
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Ranidae Lithobates yavapaiensis Dorsal lateral fold stops, inset at end, no spot on nose |
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Elapidae Micruroides euryxanthus Red, black, yellow Coral Snake |
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Viperidae Crotalus molossus Very black tail |
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Viperidae Crotalus viridis Round blotches, small black part on tail |
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Viperidae Crotalus atrox Black and white striped tail |
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Colubridae Thamnophis elegans Scales have ridges, dark ventral scales |
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Colubridae Tantilla nigriceps Black head |
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Colubridae Lampropeltis pyromelana Red, black, cream stripes |
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Colubridae Masticophis flagellum tail looks like whip |
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Colubridae Pitophis catenifer 4 prefrontal scales |
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Colubridae Heterodon nasicus upturned nose |
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Leptotyphlopidae Leptotyphlops dulcis No eyes |
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Anguidae Elgana kingi Retangular scales, lateral fold |
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Scincidae Eumeces obsoletus Circular scales, no lateral fold |
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Teiidae Aspidoscelis uniparens Stripes |
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Teiidae Aspidoscelis exsanguis stripes and spots |
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Gekkonidae Coleonyx brevis Thin skin, big eyes |
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Iguanidae Crotaphytus collaris Fine pebbly scales, powerful jaw, long legs and tails |
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Iguanidae Phrynsoma cornutum 6 large horns 2 rows of fringe scales |
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Iguanidae Urosaurus ornatus Small scales on sides, large scales in middle |
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Iguanidae Sceloporus poinsetti Very spiny, has tail bands |
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Iguanidae Sceloporus clarki Stripes on hands, blue |
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Iguanidae Cophosaurus texanus Long toes, black and white tail |
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Trionychidae Apalone spinifea Long skinny nose, leathery shell, anterior carapace has spines |
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Emydidae Terrapene ornata single hinge, can close shell completely |
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Testudinidae Gopherus agassizii Elephantine rear feet, 4 claws on forefeet |
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Kinosternidae Kinosternon flavescens 2 hinges, third scale from tail taller than fourth |
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Kinosternidae Kinosternon sonoriense 2 hinges, third and fourth scale from tail are same height |
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Passeriformes Icteridae Yellow Headed Blackbird |
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Passeriformes Fringillidae House Finch |
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Passeriformes Sturnidae European Starling |
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Passeriformes Turdidae Western Bluebird |
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Passeriformes Turdidae American Robin |
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Passeriformes Cinclidae American Dipper |
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Anseriformes Anatidae Common Merganser |
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Anseriformes Anatidae Hooded Merganser |
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Passeriformes Sittidae White Breasted Nuthatch |
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Passeriformes Alaudidae Horned Lark |
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Passeriformes Corvidae Common Raven |
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Passeriformes Hirundinidae Violet Green Swallow |
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Columbiformes Columbidae Mourning Dove |
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Accipitriformes Accipitridae Golden Eagle |
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Accipitriformes Cathartidae Turkey Vulture |
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Pelicaniformes Ardeidae Great Blue Heron |
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Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Horned Greebe |
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Gruiformes Gruidae Sandhill Crane |
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Charadriiformes Charadriidae Killdeer |
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Gruiformes Rallidae Sora |
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Gaviiformes Gaviidae Common Loon |
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Passeriformes Troglodytidae Cactus Wren |
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Passeriformes Troglodytidae Canyon Wren |
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Falconiformes Falconidae American Kestrel |
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Galliformes Phasianidae Ring-necked Pheasant |
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Galliformes Ordontophoridae Gambel's Quail |
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Anseriformes Anatidae Snow Goose |
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Charadriiformes Laridae Foster's Tern |
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Charadriiformes Laridae Caspian Tern |
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Passeriformes Tyrannidae Western Kingbird |
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Passeriformes Bombycillidae Cedar Waxwing |
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Passeriformes Parulidae Yellow Rumped Warbler |
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Apodiformes Apodidae Chimney Swift |
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Trogoniformes Trogonidae Trogan |
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Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Belted Kingfisher |
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Passeriformes Cardinalidae Western Tanager |
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Strigiformes Strigidae Great Horned Owl |
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Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Common Poorwill |
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Passeriformes Cardinalidae Black Headed Grosbeak |
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Passeriformes Icteridae Red Winged Blackbird |
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Charadriiformes Alcidae Puffin |
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Anseriformes Anatidae Mallard |
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Charadriiformes Laridae Ring-billed Gull |
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Cuculiformes Cuculidae Greater Roadrunner |
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Piciformes Picidae Northern Flicker |
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Apodiformes Trochilidae Rufous Hummingbird |
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Passeriformes Laniidae Loggerhead Shrike |
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Passeriformes Corvidae Western Scrub Jay |
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Gruiformes Rallidae American Coot |
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Rodentia Dipodomys ordii larger hind legs than front, long tail |
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Perissodactyla Equus caballus |
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Carnivora Lynx rufus |
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Chiroptera Lasionycteris noctivagans |
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Rodentia Sciurus aberti |
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Rodentia Peromyscus maniculatus no tuft on tail, shorter tail, white upper foot |
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Theria Metatheria Didelphimorphia Didelphis virginiana |
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Lagomorpha Lepus californicus |
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Lagomorpha Sylvilagus auduboni |
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Chiroptera Pipisterellus heperus |
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Cetacea |
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Cingulata Dasypus novemcinctus |
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Carnivora Ursus americanus |
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Soricomorpha Sorex monticola small, pointed nose, insectivorous (not this picture) |
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Rodentia Peromyscus boyii tuft on tail, long tail, brown on upper foot |
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Carnivora Canis latrans |
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Carnivora Mustella frenata |
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Artiodactyla Pecari tajcu |
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Chiroptera Tadaria brasiliensis |
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Chiroptera Antruzous pallidus |
