Vertebral Column Of The Canine

Front 1

canine vertebral formula

Back 1

C-7, T-13, L-7, S-3, Cd-20

Front 2

Body of vertebrae

Back 2

solid cylinder of bone and is located ventral to the canal for the spinal cord

Front 3

Vertebral arch

Back 3

forms the lateral and dorsal boundaries of the vertebral foramen.

Front 4

vertebral foramen

Back 4

largest opening inside each vertebral canal, collectively all the vertebral foramina form the vertebral canal, which contains the spinal cord

Front 5

pedicles

Back 5

lateral protions of the arch

Front 6

laminae

Back 6

dorsal portions of the vertebral arch

Front 7

Caudal and cranial vertebral notches

Back 7

indentadions on the caudal and cranial borders of the pedicles

Front 8

intervertebral foramina

Back 8

vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae, openings through which the spinal nerves pass

Front 9

transverse processes

Back 9

paired projections on the lateral, ventral side of each vertebrae

Front 10

cranial and caudal articular processes

Back 10

articular processes that arise from the laminae and extend cranially or caudally

Front 11

atlas

Back 11

first cervical vertebrae, has no body or spinous processes, and articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull and the axis

Front 12

atlantooccipital joint

Back 12

the cranial articular foveae of the atlas articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull
capable of flexion and extension or "yes" movement

Front 13

atlantoaxial joint

Back 13

point at which the caudal articular foveae of the atlas articulate with the axis. Allows for primarily rotational movement or "no" movement

Front 14

axis

Back 14

second cervical vertebrae, very atypical

Front 15

transverse foramina of the atlas

Back 15

small openings on the caudal portion of the dorsal surfae of the wings of the atlas and extend to the ventral surface

Front 16

lateral vertebral formamina of the atlas

Back 16

located on the lateral surface of the dorsal arch and open into the vertebral canal

Front 17

alar notch

Back 17

notch in the cranial border of the wing of the atlas where it joins the dorsal and ventral arches

Front 18

dens

Back 18

a long pointed prominence extending from the body of the axis where it articulates with the atlas

Front 19

transverse foramina of the axis

Back 19

pass through the base of the transverse processes

Front 20

what's special about C-6

Back 20

the trnasverse processes of C-6 are expanded ventrally and have a characteristic "sled runner" appearance

Front 21

important characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae

Back 21

well developed spinous processes. They get progressivly taller from T-1 to T-7 and then get progressivly shorter

Front 22

anticlinal vertebra.

Back 22

The thoracic vert. that's spinous process is closest to vertical--usually T-11

Front 23

Cranial and Caudal costal foveae of the thoracic vertebrae

Back 23

the caudal and cranial costal foveae of adjacent vertebrae together form the facet which articulates with the head of a rib

Front 24

where to the tbercles fo the ribs articulate

Back 24

witha facet on the transverse process of the vertebra bearing the same number

Front 25

Accessory processes

Back 25

the slender, caudally directed processes from the pedicles fo the bertebrae fro the mid-thoracic to mid-lumbar regions

Front 26

characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae

Back 26

well developed ransverse processes. spinous processes are wide and usually taller than the most caudal thoracic vert.

Front 27

sacrum

Back 27

the bone formed by the fusion of the 3 sacral vertebrae

Front 28

median sacral crest

Back 28

three rudimentary spinous processes fused togethe on the dorsal surface of the sacrum

Front 29

promontory

Back 29

the cranial ridge on the ventral surface of the sacrum

Front 30

pelvic sacral foramina

Back 30

4 openings on the ventral surface

Front 31

sacroiliac joint

Back 31

where the craniolateral rotion of the sacrum articulates with the wings of the ilia of the pelvis

Front 32

caudal vertebrae

Back 32

vary in number, the further caudally each vertebrae is the less developed it's processes are

Front 33

head of the rib

Back 33

the proximal extremity that articulates with the costal articular foveae of the corresponding vertebrae ( in the cranial thoracic region the vertebra cranial to it as well)

Front 34

tubercle of the rib

Back 34

articulates with the facet on the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

Front 35

neck of the rib

Back 35

where the head and tubercle are connected

Front 36

articulations of the rib to the sternum

Back 36

the cranial nine ribs articulate directly with the sternum, the next three ribs join ventrally to form the costal arch, the 13th rib is a floating rib

Front 37

intervertebral discs

Back 37

composed of an outer layer of collagenous fibers, the annulus fibrosus and an inner semiliquid necleus pulposis. these disks separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Front 38

all joints of the vertebrae and the ribs are

Back 38

synovial joints, and are thus surrounded by a joint capsule

Front 39

suproaspinous ligament

Back 39

a band of conncetive tissue which lies forsal to the spinous processes of the thoracic, lumber, sacral and first 3 caudal vertebrae

Front 40

interspinous ligaments

Back 40

lie between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae in the same regions

Front 41

nuchal ligament

Back 41

composed of elastic connective tissue and runs from the suproaspinous ligament on the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra to the axis. it helps support the head

Front 42

yellow ligaments

Back 42

run between the vertebral arches of adjacent vertebrae

Front 43

dorsal longitudinal ligament

Back 43

lies dorsal to the vertebral body on the floor of the vertebral canal, extends as far cranially as the axis

Front 44

ventral longitudinal ligament

Back 44

lies ventral to the vertebral bodies, and runs from the sacrum to the axis

Front 45

intercapital ligaments

Back 45

run across the intervertebral discs between the heads of the first eleven pairs of ribs they lie dorsal to the intervertebral disc and ventral to the dorsal longitudinal ligament

Front 46

transverse ligament of the atlas

Back 46

ligament that anchors the dens of the atlas in the fovea dentis of the atlas

Front 47

dorsal atlantoaxial ligament

Back 47

connects the dorsal aspects fo the atlas and the axis. No discs are present with the atlantooccipital joint or the atlanoaxial joint